Management of critically ill patients with pulmonary hypertension presents significant clinical challenges. Regardless of the underlying etiology or chronicity of pulmonary hypertension, superimposed acute illness can precipitate decompensated right ventricular failure (RVF) and death. Hospitalization, particularly in the ICU, is associated with high mortality, with RVF serving as the direct or indirect cause in most cases. In this article, we will focus on the management of acute decompensated RVF in patients with known pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). ICU management of the patient with PAH with RVF centers on the recognition and treatment of potentially reversible precipitants for decompensation and supportive strategies to optimize right ventricular (RV) function. Key goals include maintaining adequate oxygenation and tissue perfusion, correcting electrolyte and other metabolic abnormalities, optimizing fluid balance and RV preload, enhancing RV contractility, and reducing RV afterload. Continuous monitoring of cardiac function is essential, as is identifying and treating potential complications (eg, arrhythmias, acute kidney injury). When RVF persists despite maximal medical therapy, extracorporeal life support may be considered as a bridge to recovery or transplantation. In patients with advanced disease, multidisciplinary discussions aligned with patient and family preferences should guide the goals of care. Integration of palliative care specialists to manage symptoms and support caregivers remains a critical component of comprehensive ICU management for patients with PAH.

Diet may influence the pathogenesis of asthma, a heterogeneous syndrome comprising unique mechanisms or endotypes. Little is known about the relation between diet and asthma endotypes in children and adolescents.

ARDS constitutes a major cause of mortality, with limited therapeutic options.

Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have pulmonary system abnormalities resulting in impaired ventilatory reserve and heightened respiratory muscle work during submaximal exercise.

Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILDs) are rare, heterogeneous chronic pulmonary disorders that are often underdiagnosed due to their low prevalence and nonspecific clinical presentation. Persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI), often referred to as neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI), is 1 of the most frequent forms of chILD, although its underlying etiology remains unknown.

Right ventricle (RV) function and volumes assessment by cardiac MRI has emerged as a strong prognostic marker in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), but expert centers propose different thresholds, possibly explainable by methodologic differences.

Pretreatment with pulmonary hypertension (PH)-targeted medical therapy has been shown to reduce balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) complications in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Data collected in the Dutch BPA registry allowed for comparison between mono and dual PH-targeted medical pretreatment in patients undergoing BPA.

A 23-year-old woman with a past medical history of gastric ulcers, small bowel obstruction, and constipation presented to her primary care physician with a concern of cough, sore throat, dyspnea, and persistent fatigue for 4 months. In the week before presentation, her cough had become productive of reddish-brown sputum.

To date, clinical trials of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies have focused on outcomes that can be captured in relatively short follow-up periods. The effectiveness of CFTR modulator therapies on survival has not been described fully.

This article addresses the challenges of shared decision-making (SDM) when a patient's request conflicts with accepted medical practice, using the case of Maria, a 72-year-old patient receiving dialysis. Maria, admitted to the ICU, insists on continuing hemodialysis sessions despite symptomatic hypotension and wants to take the herbal supplement Jin Gui Shen Qi Tang (JGSQT). We argue that understanding-the mutual effort by patient and clinician to comprehend each other's reasons, goals, and values-is a foundational element of SDM, superseding the goal of reaching agreement about the preferred intervention. For the JGSQT request, a physician should approach with curiosity and epistemic humility, acknowledging the limits of medical knowledge on alternative treatments. Given the supplement's low risk and Maria's perceived benefit, allowing its use promotes a shared process. Conversely, the request to continue dialysis during symptomatic hypotension poses a significant threat of medical harm, justifying the physician in asserting professional values to stop the session. In both instances, the physician must approach the situation with curiosity and seek truly to understand the patient's perspective and also must explain thoroughly the rationale for a decision to Maria, ensuring that she understands the risks and the basis for the decision while looking for acceptable compromises. Ultimately, although SDM may not always result in a shared final decision, the shared process of mutual understanding ensures a patient-centered approach that respects patient autonomy while acknowledging the ethical limits of autonomous patient requests.

Mean pulmonary arterial pressures (mPAP) after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) consistently has been lower in Japan compared with non-Japanese cohorts.

Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) may coexist with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), a condition characterized by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVDs) and hypoxemia. Although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapies are commonly used to treat PoPH, their effects on gas exchange remain insufficiently characterized.

Eosinophil counts increased with IL-4Rα inhibition in phase 3 trials. Rademikibart, a next-generation IL-4Rα inhibitor, resulted in rapid lung function improvements, sustained across 24 weeks of treatment, in adults with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma during the CBP-201-WW002 phase 2b trial.

Menopause accelerates lung function decline in women without HIV, but whether menopause modifies lung function in women with HIV (WWH) is unknown.