Olorofim, a novel dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, may be efficacious in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis (DCM) who lack alternative treatment options.

Prevalence and incidence are fundamental metrics with numerous applications in epidemiology. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline lacks specific items for reporting studies of disease prevalence or incidence. To address this gap, the STROBE Enhanced Prevalence and Incidence Criteria (STROBE EPIC) extension was developed in accordance with established methods for reporting guideline development. The authors generated an initial list of reporting items, conducted a modified Delphi process, and convened a face-to-face consensus meeting to confirm the need for a STROBE extension and to generate an early version of the checklist. They conducted 2 further Delphi surveys, first extending from typhoid and other invasive salmonelloses to all infectious diseases, and then to noncommunicable diseases and injuries. Finally, experts piloted the checklist on relevant manuscripts to critically assess if it was clear, concise, complete, and free of errors. An executive group curated the checklist after every survey round. The STROBE EPIC checklist comprises 47 items in the domains of title (1 item), abstract (2 items), introduction (1 item), methods (25 items), results (6 items), discussion (7 items), and other information (5 items). STROBE EPIC items address reporting of study design, adjustment factors for underreporting and underdiagnosis, denominator population estimation, case ascertainment methods, factors producing artefactual changes to observed disease prevalence or incidence, limitations of incomplete surveillance coverage, generalizability of short-duration studies, and data availability. The authors anticipate that the STROBE EPIC extension will be used by researchers, authors, modelers, burden-of-disease researchers, peer reviewers, and journal editors to optimize the presentation of epidemiologic evidence to support diverse health policy decisions.

Home dialysis can offer persons with kidney failure a more individualized, flexible, and independent method of dialysis compared with in-center hemodialysis (ICHD), with similar survival outcomes. Home dialysis is also generally less expensive for payers. Despite its advantages, home dialysis remains significantly underused in the United States, particularly among patients with low socioeconomic status. This article addresses current disparities in access to dialysis by examining the history and politics of home dialysis from the 1960s to the present, drawing on hundreds of archival records from dialysis organizations, for-profit dialysis companies, patient advocacy networks, public media, and congressional hearings. The enactment of the Medicare End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program in 1972 was a monumental victory not just for patients receiving dialysis but also for the growing dialysis industry. In the first 4 years of the program, the rate of home dialysis among ESRD patients decreased from 43% to 20% as patients increasingly dialyzed at for-profit centers. This decline was attributed to financial disincentives, a changing patient demographic, and increased availability of ICHD. By the mid-1970s, expenses for the ESRD program had grown so high that the government turned to home dialysis as a cost-saving measure. Low-income, marginalized patients soon found themselves at the center of a debate between dialysis companies, nonprofit dialysis organizations, and government officials over who was capable of home dialysis. These debates raised questions about the ethics of for-profit medicine, patient representation in policymaking, and the potential for discrimination in incentive models. Despite implementation of financial incentives for home dialysis in 1978 and 1983, home dialysis remained underused, pointing to greater socioeconomic barriers to home dialysis access and gaps in addressing patient needs.

There are few data evaluating the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), which constitutes approximately 75% of ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) cases in adults.

In the United States, dietary supplements are regulated as a subcategory of food and therefore are not required to undergo review and approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This inadequate regulatory framework has allowed adulterated and mislabeled products to repeatedly enter the market and poses a health threat to the public. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians offers policy recommendations to bolster the FDA's pre- and postmarket regulatory authority for dietary supplements, standardize dietary supplement terminology and data sharing, and implement changes within the health care system to improve care for patients using dietary supplements.

Addition of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) to basal insulin can decrease insulin requirements, but whether it permits insulin discontinuation is unclear.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common but frequently undiagnosed condition. Symptoms include loud snoring, nocturnal awakening, and daytime sleepiness. Treating OSA can meaningfully improve symptoms and achieve modest reductions in blood pressure. Although OSA care has traditionally been limited to sleep specialists, technologies are available that allow primary care clinicians to diagnose OSA and initiate treatment. Treatments include positional therapy, weight management, application of external positive airway pressure, mandibular advancement devices, and surgical interventions. Inpatient identification and management of OSA is also feasible and is an evolving area of research and practice.

There are concerns about a possible link between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Interhospital transfers are essential to ensure access to appropriate levels of care, yet many transfers are potentially avoidable, leading to unnecessary resource use and patient burden.

Insufficient sleep is associated with obesity. However, the causal effect on weight status of chronic, mildly insufficient sleep and its potential variability by gender and menopausal status remain unknown.

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text] Hematology: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Pulmonology: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text].