Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype lacking oestrogen and progesterone receptors and amplification of HER2 receptors, accounts for 12% to 17% of breast cancers. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy improve survival; however, 30% to 40% of early-stage TNBC cases progress to metastatic disease. Recent evidence suggests that combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) with chemotherapy may improve pathological complete response and event-free survival.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely implemented in current oncology practice. However, there is limited data regarding ICI administration in pregnancy. This systematic review aims to evaluate the risk-benefit of ICI exposure in pregnant women. We conducted searches in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from January 1, 2011 through April 30, 2025. Included studies were those that involved women with a cancer diagnosis who received ICI treatment while pregnant and had clinical findings of the fetus post-ICI treatment. Methodological quality and potential sources of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. The search generated 2539 citations. After removal of 696 duplicates, a total of 1843 citations were screened. Twenty case reports and three retrospective studies were included in the systematic review. Fetal complications and fetal immune-related adverse events among the case reports were at 23% and 11.5%, respectively. Preterm delivery occurred in 54% of case reports, and no fetal mortalities were reported. Regarding the observational studies, preterm delivery occurred in 20.9%-25.5% of cases, fetal mortality occurred in 2.2%-15.3% of cases, intrauterine growth restriction occurred in 6.5%-7.1% of cases, and complications attributable to prematurity were reported in 2.6%-5.5% of cases. The data from this systematic review suggests that the risk for fetal complications may be lower than previously reported. As ICIs continue to expand their role in the treatment of malignancy, their use in pregnancy is more likely to come into clinical question. Clinicians should approach ICI use in pregnancy with individualized, multi-disciplinary risk-benefit discussions.

This study explored whether integrating innovative immunotherapies targeting costimulatory or co-inhibitory pathways beyond standard PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 treatments affects hepatic adverse events. We further analyzed liver-related side effects in patients with cancer receiving these novel therapies alone or in combination with others.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a prevalent adverse effect linked to neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Current pharmacological treatments exhibit limited efficacy and notable adverse effects. The clinical effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies, like acupuncture, physical exercise (PE), cryotherapy (CR), and compression therapy, requires systematic comparison. This study employs a network meta-analysis (NMA) to appraise the efficacy and preventive effects of various non-pharmacological interventions on CIPN.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) establish the efficacy of new oncology drugs but often exclude older adults, patients with comorbidities, and individuals with poorer performance status. Real-world evidence (RWE) is therefore essential to determine whether trial benefits translate to the broader populations treated in routine practice.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), endemic to Southern China and Southeast Asia, presents significant clinical challenges. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed NPC treatment but carry risks of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Existing meta-analyses lack NPC-specific data, hindering targeted safety guidance.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older adults. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents-including Aflibercept, Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab, Brolucizumab, and Faricimab-are the mainstay of therapy. However, their comparative efficacy and safety remain uncertain. This study aimed to compare the visual and systemic outcomes of these agents to inform clinical decision-making.

Artemisia sieberi (Asteraceae) is a grey, dwarf, dry woolly shrub, locally known as "Shih" in Arab countries, with significant medicinal properties due to its content of up to 160 active compounds with anti-cancer activity. A. sieberi has been investigated for its potential effects in various cancer types, including breast cancer. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the in vitro evidence on the potential activity of A. sieberi extracts against breast cancer, specifically in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. A search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases was conducted for studies published from inception to 2024, following PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. The search strategy applied was ((Artemisia sieberi) AND (anti-breast cancer)). The Quality Assessment Tool (QUIN tool) was used to assess the risk of bias for in vitro studies. Six in vitro experimental studies were included. These studies suggested that A. sieberi extracts may exert anti-breast cancer effects via multiple mechanisms, including apoptosis induction, cell growth inhibition, and gene expression modulation. However, the anticancer potential of A. sieberi against breast cancer has been explored only at a preliminary in vitro level. Future research should evaluate different A. sieberi extracts across diverse breast cancer cell lines, particularly treatment-resistant types such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and extend to in vivo and clinical investigation.

Personalized therapy in neuro-oncology has traditionally relied on molecular profiling. However, clinical benefit has been scarce to date. Recently, in vitro drug sensitivity testing using patient-derived models-such as organoids and cell lines-has emerged as a promising strategy. We systematically reviewed evidence on the efficacy of in vitro drug screening in predicting treatment outcome for brain tumors, including but not limited to glioblastoma. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Fifteen studies were included, comprising 300 patients overall. Cohort studies built the largest group; only one randomized clinical trial was found. In vitro assays, using patient-derived stem cells, standardized assays ad the ChemoID, or tumor-derived organoids, were able to reliably predict treatment outcome. However, the overall quality of evidence was limited. These models may overcome limitations of molecular profiling, especially in glioblastoma, where driver mutations are often lacking and the molecular profile evolves at recurrence. Although initial results are promising, further validation is needed before clinical implementation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health burden, and Urolithin A (Uro-A) has emerged as a promising anticancer agent. This systematic review aims to synthesize current in vitro evidence on the anticancer effects of Uro-A in CRC, highlighting effective concentration ranges, exposure times, relevant outcomes, and underlying molecular mechanisms.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in oncology, but concerns persist regarding flare risks of pre-existing rheumatologic diseases in patients receiving ICIs. This meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the incidence and severity of rheumatologic disease flares in patients with solid tumors treated with ICIs.

Several studies have explored the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced immune-related thyroid dysfunction on the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. However, inconsistencies remain among the results of different studies. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of immune-related thyroid dysfunction on the prognosis of lung cancer, aiming to provide evidence-based support for clinical treatment.

The rapidly advancing field of cancer therapy has sparked growing interest in the potential synergy between anticoagulation and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Recent research highlights that anticoagulants, traditionally used for thromboprophylaxis and managing thromboembolic events, may also exhibit immunomodulatory properties. These properties can influence the tumor microenvironment by promoting immune cell infiltration, enhancing antitumor immune responses, and potentially reducing metastasis. This emerging evidence underscores the complex interplay between coagulation pathways and immune regulation, paving the way for further exploration of the clinical benefits of combining anticoagulation with ICI therapy.

Immunotherapy has transformed the therapeutic landscape of breast cancer. Nevertheless, an exhaustive overview of the treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) spectrum of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapies remains lacking. We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis comparing chemotherapy, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and dual therapy combined with ICIs. The primary outcomes were overall incidence rates and profiles for all-grade and grade 3 or higher TRAEs and irAEs according to random effects models. We identified 8236 records, 100 of which (9192 patients) met the inclusion criteria. For grade ≥ 3 TRAEs, the ICI-based chemotherapy and ICI-based ADC regimens demonstrated equivalent incidence rates, marginally exceeding those observed in the ICI-based targeted therapy group. Analysis of irAEs revealed that ICI-based chemotherapy combinations had a significantly lower incidence than other dual-agent regimens did. In triplet regimens that combined ICIs with chemotherapy plus additional immunotherapy, irAEs rates remained nearly comparable to those of dual therapies. Among the therapeutic regimens analyzed, ICIs combined with multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (mTKIs) presented the highest incidence rates of both all-grade and grade ≥ 3 irAEs. Conversely, combination regimens of ICIs with poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors or HER2-targeted monotherapy demonstrated markedly lower risks of irAEs. Our study provides comprehensive data on the TRAEs and irAEs associated with ICI-based combination therapies. These results offer direct and practical references for clinicians to evaluate toxicity profiles and optimize treatment decisions in routine breast cancer care.

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) has emerged as a promising perioperative strategy for locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer (LAGC/EGJC), yet its survival benefit beyond pathological response and optimal patient selection remain uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and biomarker stratification of nICT compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched through August 30, 2025. Comparative studies of nICT versus nCT and single-arm nICT cohorts were included. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were primary outcomes. Fifteen comparative studies and thirty-four single-arm or biomarker datasets were included. Compared with nCT, nICT significantly improved OS (HR = 0.80, 95 % CI 0.70-0.92) and RFS (HR = 0.78, 95 % CI 0.69-0.87), and achieved higher pathological complete response, major pathological response, and R0 resection rates. Although treatment-related adverse events were more frequent with nICT, postoperative recovery and complication rates were comparable. Single-arm analyses showed pooled pathological complete and major pathological response rates of approximately 20 % and 43 %, with encouraging 2-year OS and RFS. Biomarker analyses demonstrated enrichment of pathological response in patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1/≥ 5 and dMMR/MSI-H, whereas tumor mutational burden and Epstein-Barr virus status showed inconsistent discriminatory value. Meta-regression revealed no significant effect modification. Overall, nICT provides pathological and early survival improvement without compromising perioperative safety, supporting its integration into perioperative strategies for LAGC/EGJC.

Although trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) demonstrated unprecedented intracranial efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM), its association with interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis posed a critical safety concern in this high-risk population. Previous safety assessments lacked BCBM-specific analysis of ILD.

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is a major cause of morbidity in breast cancer survivors. Although left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the gold standard for monitoring cardiac function, it is often considered a late and insensitive marker of myocardial damage. New methods have emerged: global longitudinal strain (GLS) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) derived parameters as potentially superior tools for detecting subclinical dysfunction. This study aimed to systematically compare the diagnostic accuracy and temporal sensitivity of GLS, LVEF, and CMR índices in the early detection of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.

Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a key treatment for melanoma. However, the increasing number of cases of melanoma resistant to immunotherapy highlights the need to develop methods to overcome this resistance. This study aims to collect the most recent information on melanoma immunotherapy, discuss potential strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy, and identify areas that require further analysis.

Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer; however, its nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity often limit treatment eligibility and completion. Nedaplatin, a cisplatin analogue with reduced renal and gastrointestinal toxicity, has been increasingly used in East Asia, but its comparative efficacy and safety in cervical cancer have not been comprehensively evaluated.

Evidence regarding the impact of occupational therapy intervention, with or without transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on chemo-induced cognitive impairment (chemo brain) among women with breast cancer, is limited.