Relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment has limited evidence-based options. Solvent-based paclitaxel (PTX) and albumin-bound nanoparticle paclitaxel (nab-PTX) are commonly prescribed though never comprehensively quantified.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have demonstrated clinical benefit in early-stage breast cancer (eBC), enhancing antitumor immune responses. However, their incorporation into perioperative polychemotherapy has introduced new concerns regarding safety and immune-related toxicities (irAEs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the safety profile and tolerability of ICIs in patients with eBC.

The addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy has improved prognosis of metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). The present systematic review aimed to assess frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) among metastatic BTC patients receiving first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy in the two practice-changing TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 clinical trials. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was recorded in the PROSPERO register with no. CRD420251137398. Incidence of TEAEs in patients receiving ICIs plus chemotherapy and in patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy was collected. A total of two studies were included in these analyses including 1754 patients, comprising 1743 observations and 193 events for Grade 1/2 and 650 events for Grade ≥ 3. The risk of several TEAEs did not significantly differ between patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy versus those treated with chemotherapy alone. The present meta-analysis further confirms the tolerable safety profile of TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 regimens as first-line therapy in advanced BTC. Future research should focus on identifying risk factors for TEAEs and develop prophylactic strategies to mitigate this risk without blunting antitumor efficacy. By improving our understanding and management of TEAEs, we might maximize the clinical benefits of ICIs and minimize harm, ultimately enhance clinical outcomes for BTC patients.

While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, they can trigger diverse immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Among these, ICI-related myocarditis, myositis and myasthenia gravis (MMM) overlap syndrome (ICI-MMM) is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Conventional immunotherapy often exhibits limited efficacy against ICI-MMM, which is associated with high mortality rates. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel and effective strategies to mitigate its life-threatening outcomes.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common non-melanoma skin cancers worldwide. Although surgery and adjuvant therapies are often effective, the treatment of high-risk or advanced lesions remains challenging due to recurrence, resistance, toxicity, and limited long-term control. Natural compounds have, therefore, gained interest as multi-target agents for cancer prevention and treatment. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the antitumoral activity of natural compounds against cSCC. A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Sixty studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using a conservative, mechanism-based classification framework. The included studies evaluated purified compounds, crude extracts, essential oils, formulations, and combination treatments. Despite chemical diversity, antitumoral activity converged on defined biological processes, including apoptosis, non-apoptotic regulated cell death, redox modulation, oncogenic signaling inhibition, cell-cycle arrest, epigenetic regulation, photodynamic ROS generation, and chemopreventive or immune-mediated mechanisms. Mechanistic specificity was higher among purified compounds, while complex extracts showed broader, context-dependent effects. Several agents demonstrated consistent in vitro and in vivo activity, which supports their translational relevance. Natural compounds target shared biological vulnerabilities in cSCC through mechanistically convergent pathways. The framework presented here supports mechanism-guided prioritization and may facilitate the translation of promising compounds into clinically relevant strategies.

Background: Thromboembolism is a serious complication in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated thrombosis incidence and risk factors across populations receiving asparaginase-based therapy. Methods: From 214 studies (1994-2026), 58 met inclusion criteria, totaling 23,655 adult, pediatric, and mixed-population patients. Searches included Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were observational cohorts or clinical trials reporting thrombosis in ALL patients treated with asparaginase. Risk factors assessed included study design, asparaginase formulation, immunophenotype, gender, treatment phase, corticosteroid use, mediastinal mass, ABO blood group, body weight, and age. Random-effects models were used for meta-analysis, and risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB-2. Results: Adults had significantly higher thrombosis rates than children (p < 0.0001). Study design, asparaginase formulation, immunophenotype, and treatment phase differed significantly across age groups (p < 0.0001). T-cell ALL showed higher thrombosis rates than B-cell ALL (p < 0.0001). Significant pediatric risk factors included age ≥ 10 years, mediastinal mass, non-O blood type, and overweight/obesity (all p ≤ 0.0004). Gender and corticosteroid use were not significant predictors. Findings were limited by substantial heterogeneity across included studies. Conclusions: Thrombosis risk was multifactorial. Adults and older children had higher risk, and pediatric patients with overweight/obesity, mediastinal mass, or non-O blood type were particularly vulnerable. Thromboprophylaxis is advised for high-risk groups. This review was not registered and received no external funding.

Breast cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, and surgical interventions, have significantly improved survival rates. However, these treatments are associated with long-term side effects that can impact the quality of life of survivors. Understanding these adverse effects is crucial for optimizing survivorship care.

Bortezomib, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, has become a cornerstone in the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, its use is limited by a common and potentially serious adverse effect, bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN), which manifests in 30-60% of multiple myeloma patients primarily as a sensory, distal, axonal neuropathy, often with pain, numbness, tingling, and in some cases, motor involvement, which can lead to dose reductions, therapy discontinuation, or long-term morbidity. BIPN is associated with genetic predisposition, and several studies suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may contribute to the protective or increased risk effects of BIPN. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of BIPN in multiple myeloma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of primary central nervous system tumor with poor prognosis. Despite multimodal therapy, GBM remains clinically challenging, necessitating exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death, has emerged as a potential approach to overcome resistance to conventional treatments. This review summarizes clinical evidence on ferroptosis-inducing agents in GBM.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, distressing, adverse effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy that can persist post-treatment, and may affect therapy and daily functioning. Pharmacological options remain limited; therefore, non-pharmacological strategies are increasingly used. However, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. We aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for CIPN-related pain.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, aggressive hematologic malignancy. Tagraxofusp, a CD123-directed cytotoxin, was approved based on phase I/II data, and subsequent studies have expanded evidence across trial and real-world settings.

This study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse events (AEs) related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cervical cancer (CC) therapy and provide clinical recommendations to ensure their safe, rational, and effective use.

Novel agents targeting immune checkpoints are under development to overcome resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. Incidences of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and toxicity profiles of novel agents remain unelucidated.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a major contributor to long-term cardiovascular morbidity among cancer survivors. ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers and beta blockers have been proposed as prophylactic therapies; however, the robustness of existing evidence is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the strength, consistency and certainty of evidence from meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing antihypertensive agents for preventing chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in lung cancer treatment; however, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain an important safety-related research topic. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive bibliometric analyses specifically addressing irAEs in lung cancer.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a significant problem for breast cancer patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy despite routine antiemetic practice. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aim to examine the efficacy and safety of olanzapine with regular antiemetic treatment for CINV prevention in breast cancer patients.

With significant progress made in immunotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic gastroesophageal junction or gastric cancer (EGJ/GC), multiple studies have been initiated on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (nCRT+ICIs) for locally resectable EGJ/GC. Consequently, current clinical trials investigating nCRT+ICIs for locally advanced EGJ/GC were summarized within this study. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy, with the objective of providing clinicians with robust, evidence-based treatment strategies and clinical references.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab in patients with solid tumors.

Ovarian function suppression (OFS) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) improves outcomes in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR +) breast cancer (BC), most commonly using monthly administration. The potential equivalence of 3-monthly (3 M) versus monthly (1 M) schedules has been suggested but remains uncertain.