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41. Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Silverstein.;John B Wong.;Michael J Barry.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Marie Krousel-Wood.;Sei Lee.;Li Li.;Goutham Rao.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;Joel Tsevat.;Sandra Millon Underwood.;Sarah Wiehe.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷1期51-57页
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality among older adults in the US. In 2018, 27.5% of community-dwelling adults 65 years or older reported at least 1 fall in the past year and 10.2% reported a fall-related injury. In 2021, an estimated 38 742 deaths resulted from fall-related injuries.
42. Revisiting Race and the Benefit of RAS Blockade in Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
作者: Li Shen.;Matthew M Y Lee.;Pardeep S Jhund.;Christopher B Granger.;Inder S Anand.;Aldo P Maggioni.;Marc A Pfeffer.;Scott D Solomon.;Karl Swedberg.;Salim Yusuf.;John J V McMurray.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2094-2104页
Concerns have arisen that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are less effective in Black patients than non-Black patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
43. Chronic Pruritus: A Review.
作者: Daniel C Butler.;Timothy Berger.;Sarina Elmariah.;Brian Kim.;Sarah Chisolm.;Shawn G Kwatra.;Nicholas Mollanazar.;Gil Yosipovitch.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2114-2124页
Chronic pruritus, defined as itch experienced for 6 weeks or longer, affects approximately 22% of people in their lifetime. Approximately 1% of physician visits are for the chief concern of chronic pruritus. Chronic pruritus is associated with adverse outcomes, including impaired sleep and reduced quality of life.
44. Survival Benefit Associated With Participation in Clinical Trials of Anticancer Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Renata Iskander.;Hannah Moyer.;Karine Vigneault.;Salaheddin M Mahmud.;Jonathan Kimmelman.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2105-2113页
Many cancer clinical investigators view clinical trials as offering better care for patients than routine clinical care. However, definitive evidence of clinical benefit from trial participation (hereafter referred to as the participation effect) has yet to emerge.
45. The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: A Review.
作者: JoAnn E Manson.;Carolyn J Crandall.;Jacques E Rossouw.;Rowan T Chlebowski.;Garnet L Anderson.;Marcia L Stefanick.;Aaron K Aragaki.;Jane A Cauley.;Gretchen L Wells.;Andrea Z LaCroix.;Cynthia A Thomson.;Marian L Neuhouser.;Linda Van Horn.;Charles Kooperberg.;Barbara V Howard.;Lesley F Tinker.;Jean Wactawski-Wende.;Sally A Shumaker.;Ross L Prentice.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷20期1748-1760页
Approximately 55 million people in the US and approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide are postmenopausal women. To inform clinical practice about the health effects of menopausal hormone therapy, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation, and a low-fat dietary pattern, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled 161 808 postmenopausal US women (N = 68 132 in the clinical trials) aged 50 to 79 years at baseline from 1993 to 1998, and followed them up for up to 20 years.
46. Screening for Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Silverstein.;John B Wong.;Michael J Barry.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Marie Krousel-Wood.;Sei Lee.;Li Li.;Carol M Mangione.;Goutham Rao.;John M Ruiz.;James J Stevermer.;Joel Tsevat.;Sandra Millon Underwood.;Sarah Wiehe.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷22期1918-1930页
Among all US women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. In 2023, an estimated 43 170 women died of breast cancer. Non-Hispanic White women have the highest incidence of breast cancer and non-Hispanic Black women have the highest mortality rate.
47. Screening for Breast Cancer: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jillian T Henderson.;Elizabeth M Webber.;Meghan S Weyrich.;Marykate Miller.;Joy Melnikow.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷22期1931-1946页
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality for US women. Trials have established that screening mammography can reduce mortality risk, but optimal screening ages, intervals, and modalities for population screening guidelines remain unclear.
48. Associations Between Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments.
作者: Joshua D Wallach.;Samuel Yoon.;Harry Doernberg.;Laura R Glick.;Oriana Ciani.;Rod S Taylor.;Maryam Mooghali.;Reshma Ramachandran.;Joseph S Ross.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷19期1646-1654页
Surrogate markers are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials supporting drug approvals.
49. Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) consists of a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung parenchyma associated with progressive dyspnea that frequently results in end-stage respiratory failure. In the US, ILD affects approximately 650 000 people and causes approximately 25 000 to 30 000 deaths per year.
50. Does This Infant Have a Dislocated Hip?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Abhinav Singh.;Ryckie George Wade.;David Metcalfe.;Daniel C Perry.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷18期1576-1585页
Delayed diagnosis of a dislocated hip in infants can lead to complex childhood surgery, interruption to family life, and premature osteoarthritis.
51. Does This Patient Have Alcohol Use Disorder?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Evan Wood.;Jeffrey Pan.;Zishan Cui.;Paxton Bach.;Brittany Dennis.;Seonaid Nolan.;M Eugenia Socias.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷14期1215-1224页
The accuracy of screening tests for alcohol use disorder (defined as a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress) requires reassessment to align with the latest definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5).
52. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and immune-mediated injury to multiple organ systems, including the mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, hematologic, and kidney systems. Approximately 3.4 million people worldwide have received a diagnosis of SLE.
53. Cancer Stage Compared With Mortality as End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Xiaoshuang Feng.;Hana Zahed.;Justina Onwuka.;Matthew E J Callister.;Mattias Johansson.;Ruth Etzioni.;Hilary A Robbins.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷22期1910-1917页
Randomized clinical trials of cancer screening typically use cancer-specific mortality as the primary end point. The incidence of stage III-IV cancer is a potential alternative end point that may accelerate completion of randomized clinical trials of cancer screening.
55. Risk Assessment and Prevention of Falls in Older Community-Dwelling Adults: A Review.
作者: Cathleen S Colón-Emeric.;Cara L McDermott.;Deborah S Lee.;Sarah D Berry.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷16期1397-1406页
Falls are reported by more than 14 million US adults aged 65 years or older annually and can result in substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures.
56. Common Oral Conditions: A Review.
作者: Eric T Stoopler.;Alessandro Villa.;Mohammed Bindakhil.;David L Ojeda Díaz.;Thomas P Sollecito.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷12期1045-1054页
Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are 3 of the most common oral conditions that may be associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of life, and morbidity.
57. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Meera Viswanathan.;Caroline Rains.;Laura C Hart.;Emma Doran.;Nila Sathe.;Kesha Hudson.;Rania Ali.;Daniel E Jonas.;Roger Chou.;Adam J Zolotor.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷11期959-971页
Child maltreatment is associated with serious negative physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences.
58. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Silverstein.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;M Tonette Krousel-Wood.;Sei Lee.;Li Li.;Goutham Rao.;John M Ruiz.;James J Stevermer.;Joel Tsevat.;Sandra Millon Underwood.;Sarah Wiehe.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷11期951-958页
Child maltreatment, which includes child abuse and neglect, can have profound effects on health, development, survival, and well-being throughout childhood and adulthood. The prevalence of child maltreatment in the US is uncertain and likely underestimated. In 2021, an estimated 600 000 children were identified by Child Protective Services as experiencing abuse or neglect and an estimated 1820 children died of abuse and neglect.
59. Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis: A Review.
作者: Charmaine E Lok.;Thomas S Huber.;Ani Orchanian-Cheff.;Dheeraj K Rajan.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷15期1307-1317页
Hemodialysis requires reliable vascular access to the patient's blood circulation, such as an arteriovenous access in the form of an autogenous arteriovenous fistula or nonautogenous arteriovenous graft. This Review addresses key issues associated with the construction and maintenance of hemodialysis arteriovenous access.
60. Allergic Rhinitis: A Review.
作者: Jonathan A Bernstein.;Joshua S Bernstein.;Richika Makol.;Stephanie Ward.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷10期866-877页
Allergic rhinitis affects an estimated 15% of the US population (approximately 50 million individuals) and is associated with the presence of asthma, eczema, chronic or recurrent sinusitis, cough, and both tension and migraine headaches.
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