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41. Safety and efficacy of the monoclonal antibody L9LS for malaria prevention in children exposed to perennial malaria transmission in Kenya: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.
作者: Laura C Steinhardt.;Titus K Kwambai.;Martina Oneko.;Eunice Ouma.;Ruth Njoroge.;Viviane Callier.;Zonghui Hu.;Julie R Gutman.;Reuben Yego.;Kephas Otieno.;Kelvin Onoka.;Lilian Otieno.;Kennedy Oduol.;Leonid Serebryannyy.;Bob C Lin.;Will Adams.;Somia Hickman.;Anne C Preston.;Kevin Carlton.;Michael Holdsworth.;Yan Xiao.;Feiko O Ter Kuile.;Wycliffe Odongo.;Sean C Murphy.;Tuan M Tran.;Simon Kariuki.;Peter D Crompton.;Robert A Seder.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10539期1614-1625页
Malaria remains a major cause of mortality globally, especially among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. The long-acting monoclonal antibody L9LS has shown high efficacy in preventing malaria in children aged 6-10 years exposed to seasonal transmission but remains untested in perennial transmission settings and younger children. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of L9LS in infants and children in a high perennial malaria transmission setting.
42. Efficacy and safety of cemdisiran siRNA in myasthenia gravis (NIMBLE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
作者: Tuan Vu.;Ali A Habib.;Saiju Jacob.;Renato Mantegazza.;Hiroyuki Murai.;John Vissing.;Aziz Shaibani.;Todd Levine.;Yessar Hussain.;Andreas Meisel.;Agnieszka Adamczak-Ratajczak.;Jan Ilkowski.;Paulo Sgobbi.;Alexandre Guerreiro.;Sushan Luo.;Rodrigo Pavani.;Umesh Chaudhari.;Neda Jalali.;Michelle DeVeaux.;Warren Moore.;Karoline A Meagher.;Michael E Burczynski.;Shital Kokate.;Steven Sherman.;Dipti Pawaskar.;Nikhil Singh.;Amal Souttou.;Andres Sirulnik.;Lorah Perlee.;George D Yancopoulos.;James F Howard.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10540期1712-1725页
Autoantibody-mediated complement activation drives pathology in acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive generalised myasthenia gravis. Newer targeted therapies lower overall antibody concentrations or inhibit complement activity. We aimed to evaluate an siRNA (cemdisiran) targeting complement component 5 (C5) as monotherapy and in combination with a C5 antibody (pozelimab) in generalised myasthenia gravis.
43. Clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of three different short-course antibiotic regimens and single-dose fosfomycin for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women (SCOUT): a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, randomised clinical trial.
作者: Carl Llor.;Ramon Monfà.;Ana Garcia-Sangenís.;Alfonso Leiva.;Jaime Marín-Cañada.;María Antonia Sánchez-Calavera.;Ana Moragas.;Mercedes Aguilar-Sánchez.;Amelia Troncoso-Mariño.;Ricardo Rodríguez-Barrientos.;José M Molero.;Dan Ouchi.;Cristina Miranda-Jiménez.;Silvia Fernández-García.;Rosa Morros.
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10539期1603-1613页
Most guidelines recommend nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and sometimes pivmecillinam for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), but direct comparisons between these antibiotics are needed. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a single dose of fosfomycin compared with two doses of fosfomycin and short-course regimens of nitrofurantoin and pivmecillinam in women with UTI symptoms.
44. Pembrolizumab plus weekly paclitaxel in platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (ENGOT-ov65/KEYNOTE-B96): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study.
作者: Nicoletta Colombo.;Emese Zsiros.;Gabriella Parma.;Eliana Rulli.;Alexandra Sebastianelli.;Mariusz Bidzinski.;Carlos Gallardo.;Emad Matanes.;Kosei Hasegawa.;Fatih Kose.;Manuel Magallanes-Maciel.;Rebecca A Herbertson.;Sumitra Ananda.;Judith R Kroep.;Andreia Cristina de Melo.;Philip R Debruyne.;Jae-Weon Kim.;Jalid Sehouli.;Marc-Edy Pierre.;Sakari Hietanen.;Claudio Zamagni.;Xin Lu.;Bradley J Monk.;Robert L Coleman.;Xuan Peng.;Karin Yamada.;Agata M Bogusz.;Thibault De La Motte Rouge.;Xiaohua Wu.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10538期1525-1537页
Epithelial ovarian cancer frequently recurs and becomes resistant to platinum chemotherapy. We investigated whether adding pembrolizumab to weekly paclitaxel, with or without bevacizumab, improves progression-free survival and overall survival compared with weekly paclitaxel, with or without bevacizumab, in participants with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer who had received one to two previous systemic regimens.
45. Overall survival with relacorilant and nab-paclitaxel in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (ROSELLA): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial.
作者: Domenica Lorusso.;Laurence Gladieff.;David M O'Malley.;Jae-Weon Kim.;Gabriel Garbaos.;Anna Fagotti.;Lucy Gilbert.;Linda Mileshkin.;Stanislas Quesada.;Elizabeth Hopp.;Yong Jae Lee.;Ana Oaknin.;Mariana Scaranti.;Byoung-Gie Kim.;Andrew Clamp.;Christina Prillaman.;Connie Diakos.;Andrea Bagaméri.;Aliza L Leiser.;Vanda Salutari.;Bradley J Monk.;Philippe Follana.;Emily McClung.;Vittoria Carbone.;Brian Slomovitz.;Elena Giudice.;Maria Chiara Cannizzaro.;Laurène Gavoille.;Alix Devaux.;Paolo Scollo.;Giuseppa Scandurra.;Chiara Cassani.;Grazia Artioli.;Toon Van Gorp.;Ana Santaballa.;Lyndah K Dreiling.;Amanda Kesner-Hays.;Iulia Cristina Tudor.;Adrian M Jubb.;Nicoletta Colombo.;Alexander B Olawaiye.
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10538期1513-1524页
Relacorilant is a selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that increases the sensitivity of many cancer cell types to chemotherapy. The efficacy and safety of relacorilant plus nab-paclitaxel were assessed in the phase 3 ROSELLA (GOG-3073, ENGOT-ov72, APGOT-Ov10, and LACOG-0223) trial; the combination showed significant improvement in progression-free survival among patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer compared with nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. Results of the final overall survival analysis are reported here.
46. Non-surgical casting versus surgical reduction for children with severely displaced distal radial fractures (the CRAFFT Study): a multicentre, randomised, controlled non-inferiority trial and economic evaluation.
作者: Daniel C Perry.;Alex Zimmermann.;Juul Achten.;Nicolas Nicolaou.;David Metcalfe.;Daphne Kounali.;Mark D Lyttle.;Samuel Frempong.;Duncan Appelbe.;James Mason.;Rebecca Kandiyali.;Phoebe Gibson.;Matthew L Costa.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10538期1538-1548页
Severely displaced distal radial fractures are among the most common and controversial injuries in children. Despite observational evidence of reliable remodelling with growth in younger children, their alarming radiographic appearance-particularly when completely displaced (off-ended)-has driven routine surgical reduction and fixation. The Children's Radius Acute Fracture Fixation Trial (CRAFFT) aimed to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of surgical reduction compared with non-surgical casting.
47. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting for unprotected left main stenosis: 10-year final results from the randomised, open-label, non-inferiority NOBLE trial.
作者: Emil Nielsen Holck.;Niels R Holm.;David Hildick-Smith.;M Mitchell Lindsay.;Mark S Spence.;Andrejs Erglis.;Ian B A Menown.;Terje Steigen.;Lone Juul Hune Mogensen.;Ivy Susanne Modrau.;Matti Niemelä.;Jens F Lassen.;Keith Oldroyd.;Peteris Stradins.;Simon J Walsh.;Petter C Endresen.;Thor Trovik.;Ole Fröbert.;Alastair N J Graham.;Vesa Anttila.;Uday Trivedi.;Leif Thuesen.;Evald H Christiansen.
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10536期1374-1382页
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is recommended over percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with significant unprotected left main coronary artery disease. We aim to provide long-term outcome data comparing PCI with newer generation drug-eluting stents and CABG, which are scarce.
48. Deferral of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (PRO-TAVI): an investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.
作者: Ronak Delewi.;Hugo M Aarts.;Gijs M Broeze.;Kimberley I Hemelrijk.;Dirk Jan van Ginkel.;Geert A A Versteeg.;Maik J Grundeken.;Bimmer E P M Claessen.;Pim A L Tonino.;Carl E Schotborgh.;Martijn Meuwissen.;Gert K van Houwelingen.;Joanna J Wykrzykowska.;Giovanni Amoroso.;Tessel N Vossenberg.;Pieter A Vriesendorp.;Niels van Royen.;Jurriën M Ten Berg.;Jan G P Tijssen.;Michiel Voskuil.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10537期1429-1438页
Coronary artery disease is common in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We aimed to assess whether deferral of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is non-inferior to routine PCI before TAVI in patients with coronary artery disease.
49. Aspirin versus clopidogrel for chronic maintenance monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: 10-year follow-up of the HOST-EXAM trial.
作者: Jeehoon Kang.;Sungjoon Park.;Han-Mo Yang.;Eun-Seok Shin.;Seung-Woon Rha.;Jang-Whan Bae.;Nam Ho Lee.;Hyuck-Jun Yoon.;Yoon Haeng Cho.;Ung Kim.;Song-Yi Kim.;Sang-Hyun Kim.;Jung-Kyu Han.;Kyung Woo Park.;Hyo-Soo Kim.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10537期1439-1447页
The long-term clinical outcomes of clopidogrel monotherapy versus aspirin monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain uncertain. We conducted a 10-year follow-up of the HOST-EXAM trial to assess the very long-term effects of clopidogrel versus aspirin monotherapy in this setting.
50. Efficacy and safety of LEVI-04 in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.
作者: Philip G Conaghan.;Nathaniel Katz.;Asger R Bihlet.;Ali Guermazi.;Dror Rom.;Michael C Perkins.;Bernadette Hughes.;Claire Herholdt.;Iwona Bombelka.;Simon Westbrook.
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10535期1237-1248页
Current therapies for osteoarthritis have limitations. LEVI-04 is a p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) fusion protein that inhibits neurotrophin-3. We assessed the efficacy and safety of LEVI-04 in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
51. Proton beam therapy for oropharyngeal cancer (TORPEdO): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.
作者: David J Thomson.;James M Price.;Matthew Tyler.;Matthew Beasley.;Jim Lester.;Christopher M Nutting.;Nachi Palaniappan.;Robin Prestwich.;Shanmugasundaram Ramkumar.;Anna Thompson.;Guy Betts.;Helen Bulbeck.;Frances Charlwood.;Matthew Clarke.;Matthew Lowe.;Justin Roe.;Justine Tyler.;Lorna Wilson.;Jane L Wolstenholme.;Kevin Chiu.;Judith Christian.;Clare Cruickshank.;Deborah Gardiner.;Holly Tovey.;Catharine M West.;Emma Hall.
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10535期1259-1275页
The clinical benefits of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) compared with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma remain uncertain with respect to treatment-related effects on physical function and quality of life. We aimed to compare late functional, patient-reported, disease control, and survival outcomes between IMPT and IMRT.
52. Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide 14 mg (flexible dose) in early-stage symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (evoke and evoke+): two phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trials.
作者: Jeffrey L Cummings.;Alireza Atri.;Mary Sano.;Henrik Zetterberg.;Philip Scheltens.;Filip K Knop.;Peter Johannsen.;Christian A Wichmann.;Rikke Mortensen Abschneider.;Teresa Leon.;Howard H Feldman.
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10544期2167-2179页
Evidence, including animal, clinical, and real-world studies in individuals with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity, suggests reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease after GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure. The evoke and evoke+ trials aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in individuals with early Alzheimer's disease.
53. Prevention of urinary stones with hydration: a randomised clinical trial of an adherence intervention.
作者: Alana C Desai.;Naim M Maalouf.;Jonathan D Harper.;Sri Sivalingam.;John C Lieske.;H Henry Lai.;Peter P Reese.;Hunter Wessells.;Hongqiu Yang.;Hussein R Al-Khalidi.;Ziya Kirkali.;Gregory E Tasian.;Charles D Scales.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10534期1171-1181页
Increased fluid intake is universally recommended to decrease the risk of recurrent urinary stones; however, adherence is challenging. The effectiveness of interventions to maintain high fluid intake has not been well studied. We sought to determine whether a multicomponent behavioural intervention programme to promote high fluid intake reduces symptomatic stone recurrence, compared with a control.
54. Angiography-derived fractional flow reserve versus coronary angiography to guide coronary artery bypass grafting in patients undergoing surgical valve procedures with concomitant coronary artery disease in China (FAVOR IV-QVAS): a multicentre, triple-blind, randomised trial.
作者: Yunpeng Zhu.;Zhaoyun Cheng.;Yuan Zhao.;Lin Han.;Wei Zhang.;Chengxin Zhang.;Sumin Yang.;Liang Ma.;Chenhui Qiao.;Zhigang Guo.;Dan Zhu.;Xiquan Zhang.;Liangwan Chen.;Zhe Wang.;Xiaofeng Ye.;Mi Zhou.;Haiqing Li.;Jiapei Qiu.;Hong Xu.;Yanjun Sun.;Jiaxi Zhu.;Zhiyun Xu.;Guoyou Qin.;William Wijns.;Bjorn Redfors.;Sigrid Sandner.;Mario Gaudino.;Shengxian Tu.;Qiang Zhao.
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10534期1161-1170页
For patients undergoing surgical valve procedures with concomitant coronary artery disease, current guidelines recommend that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) should be anatomically guided on the basis of stenosis severity, as assessed by coronary angiography. We aimed to test whether a physiologically guided strategy using angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) could improve clinical outcomes in this population.
55. Integrated community-based versus facility-based care for people with HIV, diabetes, and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa (INTE-COMM): an open-label, multicountry, cluster-randomised trial.
作者: Francis X Kasujja.;Faith Aikaeli.;Anupam Garrib.;Erik van Widenfelt.;Ivan Namakoola.;Sokoine Kivuyo.;James A Prior.;Josephine Birungi.;Faith Moyo.;Duolao Wang.;Stavia Turyahabwe.;Gerald Mutungi.;Mina Nakawuka Ssali.;Omary Said Ubuguyu.;Stephen Watiti.;Said Aboud.;Marie Claire Van Hout.;Geoff Gill.;Nelson K Sewankambo.;Peter G Smith.;Sayoki Mfinanga.;Kaushik Ramaiya.;Moffat J Nyirenda.;Shabbar Jaffar.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10533期1084-1094页
In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of diabetes and hypertension is high, alongside a high prevalence of HIV. Whether these conditions can be managed in an integrated way in the community is unknown. We aim to compare integrated community-based care with integrated facility-based care for people with HIV, diabetes, and hypertension in Tanzania and Uganda.
56. Pimicotinib versus placebo for tenosynovial giant cell tumour (MANEUVER): an international, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
作者: Hairong Xu.;Xiaohui Niu.;Vinod Ravi.;Javier Martin-Broto.;Albiruni Abdul Razak.;Ramy Saleh.;Yong Zhou.;Jingnan Shen.;Tang Liu.;Kamlesh Kumar Sankhala.;César Serrano.;Silvia Stacchiotti.;Jing Wang.;Giacomo G Baldi.;Yi Feng.;Yingqi Hua.;Tao Li.;Piotr Rutkowski.;Xiaojing Zhang.;Gabriel Tinoco.;Qingping Zou.;Boyao Shan.;Xiangyu Zhu.;Hans Gelderblom.
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10533期1072-1083页
Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) is a rare, locally aggressive neoplasm that affects otherwise healthy adults. There are few systemic treatment options, highlighting an unmet need. We report the results of part 1 of the MANEUVER trial, which aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pimicotinib, a highly selective, potent, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor, in patients with TGCT.
57. Effect of baxdrostat on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension (Bax24): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Michel Azizi.;Jenifer M Brown.;Jamie P Dwyer.;John M Flack.;Erica S W Jones.;Raisa Kurlyandskaya.;Hongjian Li.;Filip Birve.;Aina S Lihn.;Shira Perl.;Markus P Schlaich.;Hirotaka Shibata.;Ji-Guang Wang.;Bryan Williams.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10532期988-999页
Aldosterone dysregulation is an important contributor in the pathogenesis of hard-to-control hypertension. We aimed to assess the effect of baxdrostat, a selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor, on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension.
58. 5-year results of hypofractionated locoregional radiotherapy in early breast cancer HypoG-01 (UNICANCER): a French multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3, open-label, controlled trial.
作者: Sofia Rivera.;Robabeh Ghodssighassemabadi.;Guillaume Auzac.;Thomas Brion.;Youlia Kirova.;Séverine Racadot.;Mohamed Benchalal.;Jean-Baptiste Clavier.;Claire Charra Brunaud.;Anais Groulier.;Delphine Argo-Leignel.;Karine Peignaux.;Ahmed Benyoucef.;David Pasquier.;Philippe Guilbert.;Aurore Goineau.;Agnes Tallet.;Marie Bergeaud.;Assia Lamrani-Ghaouti.;Stefan Michiels.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10532期976-987页
Hypofractionated radiotherapy is standard for whole-breast radiotherapy, but 50 Gy in 25 fractions (5-week radiotherapy) is still standard in many countries when nodal radiotherapy is needed for morbidity concerns. The UNICANCER HypoG-01 trial aimed to assess morbidity and efficacy of hypofractionated locoregional radiotherapy delivering 40 Gy in 15 fractions (3-week radiotherapy) versus 5-week radiotherapy.
59. Efficacy and safety of once-daily oral orforglipron compared with oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes (ACHIEVE-3): a multinational, multicentre, non-inferiority, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.
作者: Julio Rosenstock.;Daisuke Yabe.;David Cox.;Jianghao Li.;Max Denning.;Wen-Shuo Wu.;Rong Liu.;Youna Zhao.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10534期1147-1160页
Orforglipron is a novel non-peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist designed for daily oral administration without food or water restrictions. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of orforglipron with oral semaglutide in individuals with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.
60. Switch to single-tablet bictegravir-lenacapavir from a complex HIV regimen (ARTISTRY-1): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 clinical trial.
作者: Chloe Orkin.;Peter J Ruane.;Malcolm Hedgcock.;Cyril Gaultier.;Marcelo H Losso.;Benoit Trottier.;Thomas Lutz.;Mark O'Reilly.;Mark Bloch.;Jihad Slim.;Moti Ramgopal.;Simiso Sokhela.;Karam Mounzer.;Hung-Chin Tsai.;Jorge Santana Bagur.;Xu Zhang.;Keith Aizen.;Kwanza Price.;Nicolas Margot.;Jairo M Montezuma-Rusca.;Peter Sklar.;Martin Rhee.;Pedro Cahn.; .
来源: Lancet. 2026年407卷10535期1249-1258页
Single-tablet regimens (STRs) revolutionised HIV-1 treatment, improving adherence and clinical outcomes; however, many people cannot take these due to resistance, contraindications, or drug-drug interactions, instead relying on complex multi-tablet regimens. Novel STRs are therefore needed. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel STR, bictegravir-lenacapavir, in people with HIV-1.
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