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541. Treatments for Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.
作者: Catherine McParlin.;Amy O'Donnell.;Stephen C Robson.;Fiona Beyer.;Eoin Moloney.;Andrew Bryant.;Jennifer Bradley.;Colin R Muirhead.;Catherine Nelson-Piercy.;Dorothy Newbury-Birch.;Justine Norman.;Caroline Shaw.;Emma Simpson.;Brian Swallow.;Laura Yates.;Luke Vale.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷13期1392-1401页
Nausea and vomiting affects approximately 85% of pregnant women. The most severe form, hyperemesis gravidarum, affects up to 3% of women and can have significant adverse physical and psychological sequelae.
542. Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Lowering Genetic Variants and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis.
作者: Luca A Lotta.;Stephen J Sharp.;Stephen Burgess.;John R B Perry.;Isobel D Stewart.;Sara M Willems.;Jian'an Luan.;Eva Ardanaz.;Larraitz Arriola.;Beverley Balkau.;Heiner Boeing.;Panos Deloukas.;Nita G Forouhi.;Paul W Franks.;Sara Grioni.;Rudolf Kaaks.;Timothy J Key.;Carmen Navarro.;Peter M Nilsson.;Kim Overvad.;Domenico Palli.;Salvatore Panico.;Jose-Ramón Quirós.;Elio Riboli.;Olov Rolandsson.;Carlotta Sacerdote.;Elena C Salamanca.;Nadia Slimani.;Annemieke Mw Spijkerman.;Anne Tjonneland.;Rosario Tumino.;Daphne L van der A.;Yvonne T van der Schouw.;Mark I McCarthy.;Inês Barroso.;Stephen O'Rahilly.;David B Savage.;Naveed Sattar.;Claudia Langenberg.;Robert A Scott.;Nicholas J Wareham.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷13期1383-1391页
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering alleles in or near NPC1L1 or HMGCR, encoding the respective molecular targets of ezetimibe and statins, have previously been used as proxies to study the efficacy of these lipid-lowering drugs. Alleles near HMGCR are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, similar to the increased incidence of new-onset diabetes associated with statin treatment in randomized clinical trials. It is unknown whether alleles near NPC1L1 are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes.
543. Will This Hemodynamically Unstable Patient Respond to a Bolus of Intravenous Fluids?
作者: Peter Bentzer.;Donald E Griesdale.;John Boyd.;Kelly MacLean.;Demetrios Sirounis.;Najib T Ayas.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷12期1298-309页
Fluid overload occurring as a consequence of overly aggressive fluid resuscitation may adversely affect outcome in hemodynamically unstable critically ill patients. Therefore, following the initial fluid resuscitation, it is important to identify which patients will benefit from further fluid administration.
544. Association Between Lowering LDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Among Different Therapeutic Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Michael G Silverman.;Brian A Ference.;Kyungah Im.;Stephen D Wiviott.;Robert P Giugliano.;Scott M Grundy.;Eugene Braunwald.;Marc S Sabatine.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷12期1289-97页
The comparative clinical benefit of nonstatin therapies that reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains uncertain.
545. Time to Treatment With Endovascular Thrombectomy and Outcomes From Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis.
作者: Jeffrey L Saver.;Mayank Goyal.;Aad van der Lugt.;Bijoy K Menon.;Charles B L M Majoie.;Diederik W Dippel.;Bruce C Campbell.;Raul G Nogueira.;Andrew M Demchuk.;Alejandro Tomasello.;Pere Cardona.;Thomas G Devlin.;Donald F Frei.;Richard du Mesnil de Rochemont.;Olvert A Berkhemer.;Tudor G Jovin.;Adnan H Siddiqui.;Wim H van Zwam.;Stephen M Davis.;Carlos Castaño.;Biggya L Sapkota.;Puck S Fransen.;Carlos Molina.;Robert J van Oostenbrugge.;Ángel Chamorro.;Hester Lingsma.;Frank L Silver.;Geoffrey A Donnan.;Ashfaq Shuaib.;Scott Brown.;Bruce Stouch.;Peter J Mitchell.;Antoni Davalos.;Yvo B W E M Roos.;Michael D Hill.; .
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷12期1279-88页
Endovascular thrombectomy with second-generation devices is beneficial for patients with ischemic stroke due to intracranial large-vessel occlusions. Delineation of the association of treatment time with outcomes would help to guide implementation.
546. Primary Care Screening and Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Leila C Kahwati.;Cynthia Feltner.;Michael Halpern.;Carol L Woodell.;Erin Boland.;Halle R Amick.;Rachel Palmieri Weber.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷9期970-83页
Five to ten percent of individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) progress to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Identifying and treating LTBI is a key component of the strategy for reducing the burden of TB disease.
547. The High Cost of Prescription Drugs in the United States: Origins and Prospects for Reform.
The increasing cost of prescription drugs in the United States has become a source of concern for patients, prescribers, payers, and policy makers.
548. Acute Aortic Dissection and Intramural Hematoma: A Systematic Review.
作者: Firas F Mussa.;Joshua D Horton.;Rameen Moridzadeh.;Joseph Nicholson.;Santi Trimarchi.;Kim A Eagle.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷7期754-63页
Acute aortic syndrome (AAS), a potentially fatal pathologic process within the aortic wall, should be suspected in patients presenting with severe thoracic pain and hypertension. AAS, including aortic dissection (approximately 90% of cases) and intramural hematoma, may be complicated by poor perfusion, aneurysm, or uncontrollable pain and hypertension. AAS is uncommon (approximately 3.5-6.0 per 100,000 patient-years) but rapid diagnosis is imperative as an emergency surgical procedure is frequently necessary.
549. Lipid Screening in Childhood and Adolescence for Detection of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Paula Lozano.;Nora B Henrikson.;John Dunn.;Caitlin C Morrison.;Matt Nguyen.;Paula R Blasi.;Melissa L Anderson.;Evelyn P Whitlock.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷6期645-55页
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by elevated cholesterol concentrations early in life. Untreated FH is associated with premature cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
550. Lipid Screening in Childhood and Adolescence for Detection of Multifactorial Dyslipidemia: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Paula Lozano.;Nora B Henrikson.;Caitlin C Morrison.;John Dunn.;Matt Nguyen.;Paula R Blasi.;Evelyn P Whitlock.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷6期634-44页
Multifactorial dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), is associated with dyslipidemia and markers of atherosclerosis in young adulthood. Screening for dyslipidemia in childhood could delay or reduce cardiovascular events in adulthood.
551. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo.;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Karina W Davidson.;John W Epling.;Francisco A R García.;Matthew W Gillman.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Ann E Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Michael LeFevre.;Carol M Mangione.;Douglas K Owens.;William R Phillips.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael P Pignone.;Albert L Siu.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷6期625-33页
Elevations in levels of total, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and, to a lesser extent, elevated triglyceride levels are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in adults.
552. Association of Noninvasive Ventilation Strategies With Mortality and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Various noninvasive ventilation strategies are used to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of preterm infants; however, the best mode is uncertain.
553. Screening for Skin Cancer in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Karen J Wernli.;Nora B Henrikson.;Caitlin C Morrison.;Matthew Nguyen.;Gaia Pocobelli.;Paula R Blasi.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷4期436-47页
Skin cancer, primarily melanoma, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States.
554. Screening for Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo.;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Karina W Davidson.;Mark Ebell.;John W Epling.;Francisco A R García.;Matthew W Gillman.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Ann E Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;William R Phillips.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael P Pignone.;Albert L Siu.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷4期429-35页
Basal and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of cancer in the United States and represent the vast majority of all cases of skin cancer; however, they rarely result in death or substantial morbidity, whereas melanoma skin cancer has notably higher mortality rates. In 2016, an estimated 76,400 US men and women will develop melanoma and 10,100 will die from the disease.
555. Cellulitis: A Review.
Cellulitis is an infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue, presenting with expanding erythema, warmth, tenderness, and swelling. Cellulitis is a common global health burden, with more than 650,000 admissions per year in the United States alone.
556. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2016 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.
作者: Huldrych F Günthard.;Michael S Saag.;Constance A Benson.;Carlos del Rio.;Joseph J Eron.;Joel E Gallant.;Jennifer F Hoy.;Michael J Mugavero.;Paul E Sax.;Melanie A Thompson.;Rajesh T Gandhi.;Raphael J Landovitz.;Davey M Smith.;Donna M Jacobsen.;Paul A Volberding.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷2期191-210页
New data and therapeutic options warrant updated recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to treat or to prevent HIV infection in adults.
557. United States Health Care Reform: Progress to Date and Next Steps.
The Affordable Care Act is the most important health care legislation enacted in the United States since the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The law implemented comprehensive reforms designed to improve the accessibility, affordability, and quality of health care.
558. Attitudes and Practices of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide in the United States, Canada, and Europe.
作者: Ezekiel J Emanuel.;Bregje D Onwuteaka-Philipsen.;John W Urwin.;Joachim Cohen.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷1期79-90页
The increasing legalization of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide worldwide makes it important to understand related attitudes and practices.
559. Persistent Diarrhea: A Clinical Review.
Diarrheal disease is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Persistent diarrhea (≥14 days) can be caused by pathogens that differ from those commonly seen in acute illness; proper etiologic diagnosis is important for appropriate therapeutic management. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management of persistent diarrhea caused by infectious agents in immunocompetent individuals worldwide.
560. Use of Plant-Based Therapies and Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Oscar H Franco.;Rajiv Chowdhury.;Jenna Troup.;Trudy Voortman.;Setor Kunutsor.;Maryam Kavousi.;Clare Oliver-Williams.;Taulant Muka.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷23期2554-63页
Between 40% and 50% of women in Western countries use complementary therapies to manage menopausal symptoms.
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