Spirometry-based assessment of pulmonary function has limitations in detecting pulmonary toxicity following cancer treatment with chemotherapy, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, radiotherapy or thoracic surgery. Nitrogen single and multiple breath washout tests are sensitive in assessing peripheral airway function, and lung imaging detects structural abnormalities, but little is known about their use in paediatric cancer patients and survivors. We aimed to 1) identify studies using nitrogen single or multiple breath washout tests and/or lung imaging to assess pulmonary toxicity in paediatric cancer patients and survivors, and 2) describe reported abnormalities.

Macular atrophy incidence in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients undergoing anti-VEGF treatment.

The impact of incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into standard chemotherapy on the severity and risk of myelosuppression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains uncertain.

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current standard of care involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by radical gastrectomy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in comparison to chemotherapy alone for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC).

Venetoclax, an oral B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor, shows promise in cancer treatment but has an unclear safety profile. This meta-analysis evaluates the safety of venetoclax, focusing on adverse events.

Cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CTRCD), in the form of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), is being increasingly recognized. However, the potential benefits of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) in managing HFrEF secondary to CTRCD remain unclear.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse clinical and molecular characteristics, characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as promising therapies for STS, yet comprehensive evaluations of their efficacy, especially in combination with other treatments, are scarce.

This study aims to systematically assess the therapeutic effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) kidney-tonifying methods on osteoporosis in HR+ breast cancer patients after endocrine therapy, and to explore their clinical application value.

Neutropenic enterocolitis is a serious gastrointestinal complication that can develop in patients undergoing chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive treatments. It is characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the bowel, and most commonly affects the cecum and ascending colon. Although individual case reports have described the features of NE, a comprehensive synthesis of all the published cases is required.

Prostate cancer treatment involves hormonal therapies that may carry cardiovascular risks, particularly for long-term use. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, such as degarelix, may offer advantages over agonists, but comprehensive comparative cardiovascular outcomes are not well established. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the cardiovascular safety profiles of degarelix compared to those of traditional GnRH agonists, providing critical insights for optimizing treatment strategies.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose limiting adverse effect that may be transient or become persistent after the treatment ended. The taxane paclitaxel induces CIPN in 57-83% of patients treated. The neuropathy may debut or progress after the end of treatment (EOT), known as coasting, but little is known about the incidence of this phenomenon. The aim of this review is to examine the incidence and severity of coasting in CIPN in patients with breast cancer. Patient/material and methods: MEDLINE, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, and medrivx.org were searched using terms related to taxanes, adverse effects, and breast cancer. Studies had to have a follow-up time of at least 3 months after EOT and patients had to have received taxanes in monotherapy. Additionally, studies had to be longitudinal and describe the neuropathy assessment method and timing.

This systematic review aims to synthesize the current literature on the association between chemotherapy (CTX) and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) with functional and structural brain alterations in patients with noncentral nervous system cancers.

To evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in improving chemotherapy induced delayed nausea and vomiting symptoms using a network meta-analysis.

Metformin is an antidiabetic drug with reported potential antiproliferative activity against different cancer types including breast cancer. However, the mechanism of action of how metformin can induce its antiproliferative activity is still unclear. Thus, the current study is a systematic review of the literature aiming to explore the reported antiproliferative mechanisms of metformin against breast cancer. The study included seventeen research articles that describe different mechanisms of action against breast cancer. While the majority of the studies confirm the antiproliferative potential of metformin, albeit at different potencies, there appear to be various mechanisms and factors that can influence this effect. There are a number of questions yet to be answered pertaining the use of metformin as an anti-cancer agent, warranting further investigation into this emerging area of research.

T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) is a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by the proliferation of abnormal T-cell precursors. Nelarabine, a purine analog, has been approved as a targeted therapy for patients with refractory or relapsed T-ALL. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nelarabine, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, in treating T-ALL. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We searched Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to August 2024 for studies evaluating Nelarabine's efficacy and safety in T-ALL patients. The primary outcome was complete response (CR), with secondary outcomes focusing on adverse events (AEs). Data were analyzed using a random effects model, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Sixteen studies involving 1,865 patients were included, with 1,345 receiving Nelarabine. The pooled analysis revealed a CR rate of 37.9% (95% CI: 20.5-55.4%, p < 0.001) for Nelarabine monotherapy. Significant adverse events included neutropenia at 29.1% (95% CI: 9.1-49.1%, p < 0.001), thrombocytopenia at 32.4% (95% CI: 14.8-50.0%, p < 0.001), peripheral motor neuropathy at 17.1% (95% CI: 4.2-30.1%, p = 0.001), and peripheral sensory neuropathy at 15.3% (95% CI: 5.8-24.9%, p = 0.003). For combination therapy, infections occurred in 65.0% (95% CI: 27.1-103.0%, p < 0.001) of patients, febrile neutropenia in 48.7% (95% CI: -8.8-106.3%, p < 0.001), peripheral motor neuropathy in 10.5% (95% CI: 7.9-13.0%, p < 0.001), and peripheral sensory neuropathy in 23.1% (95% CI: 10.6-35.7%, p < 0.001). Nelarabine shows significant efficacy in treating refractory or relapsed T-ALL, with notable CR rates. However, its use, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy, is associated with considerable adverse events, particularly neurotoxicity and hematologic toxicities, necessitating careful monitoring. Further research is needed to optimize its application across diverse patient populations and to better manage its associated toxicities.

Melanoma's aggressiveness and resistance to radiotherapy highlight an urgent need for innovative treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a unique approach through its 'four natures' theory-cold, cool, warm, and hot.

Inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) is indicated for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This systematic literature review (CRD42022330496) assessed outcomes by baseline characteristics for patients with R/R ALL treated with InO to identify which patients may benefit most.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive adult glioma (16-month median survival). Its immunosuppressive microenvironment limits the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Nursing interventions play a critical role in enhancing the quality of life (QoL) and therapeutic outcomes for cervical cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, variations in nursing interventions and patient results require a meta-analysis to consolidate evidence on the most effective nursing approaches. This meta-analysis assessed how nursing care interventions influence QoL, adherence to chemotherapy, and the management of symptoms in cervical cancer patients. An extensive search through PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases yielded 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the eligibility requirements. The findings revealed that nursing interventions significantly boosted QoL (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.49), increased adherence to chemotherapy protocols (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.60), and alleviated chemotherapy-induced symptoms like fatigue and nausea (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.67). Funnel plots showed minimal publication bias in the studies analyzed. We conclude that nursing interventions significantly enhance QoL, treatment adherence, and symptom control for cervical cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes approximately 80-85% of cancer-related fatalities globally, and direct and indirect comparisons of various therapies for NSCLC are lacking. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC.