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461. Behavioral treatment of obesity in patients encountered in primary care settings: a systematic review.
In 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) approved intensive behavioral weight loss counseling for approximately 14 face-to-face, 10- to 15-minute sessions over 6 months for obese beneficiaries in primary care settings, when delivered by physicians and other CMS-defined primary care practitioners.
462. Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in the outpatient setting: a review.
Urinary tract infection is among the most common reasons for an outpatient visit and antibiotic use in adult populations. The increasing prevalence of antibacterial resistance among community uropathogens affects the diagnosis and management of this clinical syndrome.
463. Association between vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and mortality among patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Andre C Kalil.;Trevor C Van Schooneveld.;Paul D Fey.;Mark E Rupp.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷15期1552-64页
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a worldwide problem. It is unclear whether higher-vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is associated with mortality. This potential association has direct consequences for patients and public health.
464. Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a review.
Several management strategies may improve outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
465. Electronic medication packaging devices and medication adherence: a systematic review.
作者: Kyle D Checchi.;Krista F Huybrechts.;Jerry Avorn.;Aaron S Kesselheim.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷12期1237-47页
Medication nonadherence, which has been estimated to affect 28% to 31% of US patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, may be improved by electronic medication packaging (EMP) devices (adherence-monitoring devices incorporated into the packaging of a prescription medication).
466. Accuracy of FDG-PET to diagnose lung cancer in areas with infectious lung disease: a meta-analysis.
作者: Stephen A Deppen.;Jeffrey D Blume.;Clark D Kensinger.;Ashley M Morgan.;Melinda C Aldrich.;Pierre P Massion.;Ronald C Walker.;Melissa L McPheeters.;Joe B Putnam.;Eric L Grogan.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷12期1227-36页
Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG) is recommended for the noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary nodules suspicious for lung cancer. In populations with endemic infectious lung disease, FDG-PET may not accurately identify malignant lesions.
467. Climate change: challenges and opportunities for global health.
作者: Jonathan A Patz.;Howard Frumkin.;Tracey Holloway.;Daniel J Vimont.;Andrew Haines.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷15期1565-80页
Health is inextricably linked to climate change. It is important for clinicians to understand this relationship in order to discuss associated health risks with their patients and to inform public policy.
468. Evaluation and treatment of older patients with hypercholesterolemia: a clinical review.
Hypercholesterolemia is common among people older than 80 years. Substantial functional heterogeneity exists among older patients, and decision making for statin use differs in older patients relative to younger ones.
469. Clinical and safety outcomes associated with treatment of acute venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Lana A Castellucci.;Chris Cameron.;Grégoire Le Gal.;Marc A Rodger.;Doug Coyle.;Philip S Wells.;Tammy Clifford.;Esteban Gandara.;George Wells.;Marc Carrier.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷11期1122-35页
Many anticoagulant strategies are available for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism, yet little guidance exists regarding which drug is most effective and safe.
470. Management of sickle cell disease: summary of the 2014 evidence-based report by expert panel members.
作者: Barbara P Yawn.;George R Buchanan.;Araba N Afenyi-Annan.;Samir K Ballas.;Kathryn L Hassell.;Andra H James.;Lanetta Jordan.;Sophie M Lanzkron.;Richard Lottenberg.;William J Savage.;Paula J Tanabe.;Russell E Ware.;M Hassan Murad.;Jonathan C Goldsmith.;Eduardo Ortiz.;Robinson Fulwood.;Ann Horton.;Joylene John-Sowah.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷10期1033-48页
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a life-threatening genetic disorder affecting nearly 100,000 individuals in the United States and is associated with many acute and chronic complications requiring immediate medical attention. Two disease-modifying therapies, hydroxyurea and long-term blood transfusions, are available but underused.
471. Reanalyses of randomized clinical trial data.
作者: Shanil Ebrahim.;Zahra N Sohani.;Luis Montoya.;Arnav Agarwal.;Kristian Thorlund.;Edward J Mills.;John P A Ioannidis.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷10期1024-32页
Reanalyses of randomized clinical trial (RCT) data may help the scientific community assess the validity of reported trial results.
472. Assessment and lifestyle management of patients with obesity: clinical recommendations from systematic reviews.
Even though one-third of US adults are obese, identification and treatment rates for obesity remain low. Clinician engagement is vital to provide guidance and assistance to patients who are overweight or obese to address the underlying cause of many chronic diseases.
473. Long-term follow-up after bariatric surgery: a systematic review.
作者: Nancy Puzziferri.;Thomas B Roshek.;Helen G Mayo.;Ryan Gallagher.;Steven H Belle.;Edward H Livingston.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷9期934-42页
Bariatric surgery is an accepted treatment for obesity. Despite extensive literature, few studies report long-term follow-up in cohorts with adequate retention rates.
474. Management of persistent pain in the older patient: a clinical review.
Persistent pain is highly prevalent, costly, and frequently disabling in later life.
475. Treatment of hepatitis C: a systematic review.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 185 million individuals worldwide. Twenty percent of patients chronically infected with HCV progress to cirrhosis. New, simpler therapeutics using direct-acting antivirals that target various stages of the HCV life cycle are in development to eradicate HCV without concomitant interferon.
476. Does this man with lower urinary tract symptoms have bladder outlet obstruction?: The Rational Clinical Examination: a systematic review.
Early, accurate diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms may reduce the need for invasive testing (ie, catheter placement, urodynamics), and prompt early treatment to provide symptomatic relief and avoid complications.
477. Does this patient have generalized anxiety or panic disorder?: The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review.
作者: Nathaniel R Herr.;John W Williams.;Sophiya Benjamin.;Jennifer McDuffie.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷1期78-84页
In primary care settings, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder are common but underrecognized illnesses. Identifying accurate and feasible screening instruments for GAD and panic disorder has the potential to improve detection and facilitate treatment.
478. Does this adult patient have early HIV infection?: The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review.
作者: Evan Wood.;Thomas Kerr.;Greg Rowell.;Julio S G Montaner.;Peter Phillips.;P Todd Korthuis.;David L Simel.
来源: JAMA. 2014年312卷3期278-85页
Timely identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adults can contribute to reduced mortality and likelihood of further HIV transmission. During the first 6 months after infection, known as early HIV infection, patients often report a well-described constellation of symptoms and signs. However, the literature examining utility of the clinical examination in identifying early infection has not been systematically assessed.
479. Does this patient have an exudative pleural effusion? The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review.
作者: M Elizabeth Wilcox.;Christopher A K Y Chong.;Matthew B Stanbrook.;Andrea C Tricco.;Camilla Wong.;Sharon E Straus.
来源: JAMA. 2014年311卷23期2422-31页
Thoracentesis is performed to identify the cause of a pleural effusion. Although generally safe, thoracentesis may be complicated by transient hypoxemia, bleeding, patient discomfort, reexpansion pulmonary edema, and pneumothorax.
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