Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, has shown potential for treating advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. This meta-analysis evaluates its efficacy and safety, alone or combined with chemotherapy, in this population.

Vitiligo-like leucoderma is being increasingly reported in patients with breast cancer treated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors.

Spiruchostatin A also referred to as YM753 and OBP801, a cyclic peptide-based natural product derived from Pseudomonas sp., is distinguished by its potent inhibition of Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs). The modulation of epigenetic mechanisms by HDAC inhibitors is fundamental for altering gene expression related to cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation, highlighting their potential in oncologic therapies. This updated review assesses the antitumor efficacy of Spiruchostatin A across diverse cellular and animal models, scrutinizing its viability as a therapeutic agent against various cancers. A systematic literature review was executed by searching databases such as PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science from October 2022 to February 2023. The inclusion criteria focused on studies involving Spiruchostatin A in the context of cancer treatment, including in vitro and in vivo models. The review concentrated on the compound's mechanistic action, biological activity, and clinical applicability. Spiruchostatin A has demonstrated significant antitumor activities, including inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor growth effectively in multiple models. Its therapeutic potential is particularly noted in synergistic applications with other anticancer agents, enhancing its efficacy. Mechanistically, the compound facilitates chromatin relaxation and transcriptional activation of key tumor suppressor genes through increased histone acetylation. Spiruchostatin A exhibits substantial potential as an anticancer agent through effective HDAC inhibition and subsequent epigenetic modifications of cancer cell biology. However, comprehensive clinical trials are imperative to validate its efficacy and safety profiles comprehensively. Future research is warranted to elucidate detailed molecular mechanisms and to develop biomarkers for predicting treatment response. Comprehensive longitudinal clinical studies are also critical to establish Spiruchostatin A's role within the broader oncological therapeutic regimen, along with the exploration of its analogs for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Although the benefits of low-germ diets for patients are increasingly being questioned, their application in practice is widespread. The aim of this review is to summarise the current data and evaluate the effectiveness of the neutropenic diet (ND) in adult haemato-oncological patients to provide a basis for practical guidelines.

Chemotherapy has been confirmed as an effective treatment for advanced cervical cancer. However, whether combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with chemotherapy (PIC) offers superior efficacy remains a subject of debate. This meta-analysis aims to compare the antitumor effects and safety profile of PIC versus chemotherapy.

This study systematically reviews the efficacy and safety of the single or combined use of programmed factor 1 (PD-1)/programmed factor 1 ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors for treating metastatic or advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Fraxinus species, with a long history of medicinal use, are diverse in type. All species that feature terminal inflorescences and exhibit a blue-purple fluorescence reaction under sunlight are considered to have medicinal value. However, only four species-Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus chinensis, Fraxinus szaboana, and Fraxinus stylosa-are officially recognized in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Despite this, there is currently a lack of comprehensive reports on the research related to Fraxinus, preventing a deeper understanding of its full medicinal potential. A total of 326 chemical constituents have been identified across these species, including coumarins, secoiridoids, phenolic glycosides, lignans, flavonoids, terpenoids, and volatile compounds. These species have demonstrated various pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-hyperuricemic effects. This article provides a systematic review of the phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of Fraxinus, aiming to address gaps in the existing literature, highlight the biological mechanisms of its activity, and offer a foundation for the development and application of Fraxinus in drug research. Given the significance of Fraxinus, future research should take a more comprehensive and holistic approach.

The implementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the clinical identification of immunotherapy toxicities is a complex intervention. There has been very little work evaluating the clinical utility and generalisability of PROMs used after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment to date. We reviewed evidence on the use of PROMs assessing toxicities and health-related quality of life in patients treated with ICIs.

Mounting evidence supports the health benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) in general. This study evaluates its impact on patients with gynecological or breast cancer specifically.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated favorable outcomes in various cancers. However, it has been observed that ICIs may induce life-threatening cardiovascular toxicity. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the risk of cardiovascular toxicities in patients exposed to ICIs or in combination with chemotherapy. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched from inception to September 24, 2023. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis was conducted on the risk of cardiotoxicity in cancer patients. Data were pooled with a random-effect model. This protocol was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42023467319). The primary outcome was cardiotoxicity risk in observational studies with ICIs or combined with chemotherapy. The risk factors that affected the occurrence of cardiovascular toxicities were also examined. ICIs or combined with chemotherapy increased the cardiotoxicity risk compared with mono-chemotherapy (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.05-2.06, p = 0.024). The risk of pericardial disease in cardiotoxic events (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.23-3.22, p = 0.005) and thromboembolic events (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.04-1.72, p = 0.025) was significantly increased. Smoking (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.12-1.39, p < 0.001), previous heart disease (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.64-2.46, p < 0.001), and lung cancer (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.26-1.69, p < 0.001) were risk factors worthy of attention. ICIs or combined with chemotherapy show an elevated risk of cardiovascular toxicities. Patients who are smoking, diagnosed lung cancer, and having prior medical history of heart diseases need more attention.

Methotrexate (MTX) pharmacogenetics has been extensively investigated due to the high inter-individual variability in response to treatment. This wide variability can lead to treatment discontinuation or even death. Several genes involved in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of MTX have been studied. However, there are still no guidelines for pharmacogenetics-guided MTX dosing. The FPGS rs1544105 and GGH rs3758149 gene polymorphisms were genotyped and their allele frequencies were determined. Their associations with MTX treatment response and toxicity in Uruguayan adults with haematological malignancies receiving high-dose MTX were analyzed. A worldwide systematic review of the association of these gene polymorphisms with response and toxicity to high-dose MTX treatment was also conducted. The allele frequencies of FPGS rs1544105 were 0.54 and 0.46 (C and T, respectively), and of GGH rs3758149 were 0.77 and 0.23 (C and T, respectively). Several associations were found between toxicity (gastrointestinal, hepatic and hematological) and the FPGS rs1544105 T allele (p = 0.01, p < 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively) and between mucositis and the FPGS TT genotype (p < 0.001). The GGH rs375814 TT genotype was associated with gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicity (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Both the FPGS rs1544105 C allele and the GGH rs3758149 TT genotype were associated with remission (p < 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively). The systematic review identified 247 publications and finally included 17 research articles. Few consistent data were found due to the lack of homogeneity between study groups.

The persistent challenge of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and the eventual recurrence of tumors underscore the need for ongoing research and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. We aim to consolidate existing evidence related to the safety and efficacy of TMZ as adjuvant therapy to radiotherapy (RT).

Immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing T cell recognition and attack against cancer cells.1 Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a limitation of ICI therapy, encompassing various manifestations such as colitis and cutaneous adverse events such as dermatitis, alopecia, and vitiligo.2 Hair loss is a common concern of cancer patients as they embark on their therapeutic paths. The evidence on alopecia from isolated clinical trials with ICI therapies is limited and largely lacks diagnostic and prognostic details to help guide patients.3,4 In this systematic review, we examined the types of alopecia as part of the irAEs of ICI therapy, timing of onset, prognosis, and treatment approaches. Our analysis includes 19 studies describing new-onset non-scarring or scarring alopecia following ICI treatment. Alopecia was a rare adverse event in the setting of ICIs (n=26) with the onset of alopecia occurring within one year of initiating treatment. Slightly over half of the affected patients reported some degree of hair regrowth after attempted alopecia-directed treatments. We discuss available data to increase awareness of this rare but potentially permanent side effect of ICI therapy. Further research is warranted to enhance our understanding of alopecia as an irAE and to optimize patient management strategies. J Drugs Dermatol. 2025;24(3):255-260. doi:10.36849/JDD.7828.

This study aimed to describe the clinical and prognostic characteristics of antibody-positive paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

While it is widely acknowledged that fingerprint recognition has played an essential part in policing and forensic science, little is known about fingerprint alterations in medical science, specifically as a consequence of anticancer treatments. Thus, we aimed to analyze the extent of evidence between cancer treatments and fingerprint alterations in adults with cancer.

Fruquintinib, a VEGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for treating refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Recent clinical practice has shown that combining fruquintinib with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors can achieve better efficacy.The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of combining PD-1inhibitors with fruquintinib.

With the advent of asparaginase-based drugs, patients with natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) have achieved excellent efficacy. However, the prognosis is poor in patients with advanced disease, and even worse in relapse/refractory patients. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy or combination treatment strategies in patients with NKTCL.

Several first-line therapeutic strategies have been evaluated alongside platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (a/rEC). However, the optimal approach remains unclear.

Over the years, there have been significant advancements in the field of cervical cancer research in developing new treatment approaches. One of the significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment is the emergence of immunotherapy that can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other cancer therapies. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in clinical trials and has become a viable strategy for treating cancer and improves the quality of life for cancer patients and overall survival rate. Here in the systematic review we are focusing towards the effectiveness and safety of immunotherapy in cervical cancer or HPV infections CIN with clinical trial data. The data extracted had from those studies were analyzed through certain statistical methods and subgroup analysis for validating and concluding our objective. PubMed and Science direct database were used for searching the studies with applied screening and filtering and 49 main reports were included for the studies. The immunotherapies subdivided to immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapy and Vaccine were separately analysed through meta-analysis for the conclusion. The Pembrolizumab (immune checkpoint inhibitor), T cell therapy and Bivalent (Ecoli expressed) vaccine were analysed to be higher effective. Thus for future exploration on immunotherapy in cervical cancer, it was described in our studies of a combination of Ecoli rec HPV bivalent vaccine followed by Pembrolizumab or T cell therapy thus improving the immune mediated action against the cancer. Apart from that, a hypothetical model of multiepitope production on ecoli for vaccine generation has also been explained.

Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), remain challenging to treat and have a poor prognosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting EGFR have shown promise, but their efficacy in gliomas is not well established. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the safety and efficacy of EGFR TKIs in patients with glioma, specifically for primary and recurrent GBM.