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441. Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review.
Alcohol consumption is associated with 88 000 US deaths annually. Although routine screening for heavy alcohol use can identify patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and has been recommended, only 1 in 6 US adults report ever having been asked by a health professional about their drinking behavior. Alcohol use disorder, a problematic pattern of alcohol use accompanied by clinically significant impairment or distress, is present in up to 14% of US adults during a 1-year period, although only about 8% of affected individuals are treated in an alcohol treatment facility.
442. Will This Hospitalized Patient Develop Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Evan Wood.;Loai Albarqouni.;Stacey Tkachuk.;Carolyn J Green.;Keith Ahamad.;Seonaid Nolan.;Mark McLean.;Jan Klimas.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷8期825-833页
Although severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (SAWS) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, most at-risk patients will not develop this syndrome. Predicting its occurrence is important because the mortality rate is high when untreated.
443. Screening for Cervical Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷7期674-686页
The number of deaths from cervical cancer in the United States has decreased substantially since the implementation of widespread cervical cancer screening and has declined from 2.8 to 2.3 deaths per 100 000 women from 2000 to 2015.
444. Screening for Cervical Cancer With High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Joy Melnikow.;Jillian T Henderson.;Brittany U Burda.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Shauna Durbin.;Meghan S Weyrich.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷7期687-705页
Cervical cancer can be prevented with detection and treatment of precancerous cell changes caused primarily by high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hrHPV), the causative agents in more than 90% of cervical cancers.
446. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷5期478-484页
Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), and its prevalence increases with age, affecting about 3% of men and 2% of women aged 65 to 69 years and about 10% of adults 85 years and older. Atrial fibrillation is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, increasing risk of stroke by as much as 5-fold. Approximately 20% of patients who have a stroke associated with atrial fibrillation are first diagnosed with atrial fibrillation at the time of stroke or shortly thereafter.
447. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Daniel E Jonas.;Leila C Kahwati.;Jonathan D Y Yun.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Manny Coker-Schwimmer.;Gary N Asher.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷5期485-498页
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia and increases the risk of stroke.
448. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.
作者: Michael S Saag.;Constance A Benson.;Rajesh T Gandhi.;Jennifer F Hoy.;Raphael J Landovitz.;Michael J Mugavero.;Paul E Sax.;Davey M Smith.;Melanie A Thompson.;Susan P Buchbinder.;Carlos Del Rio.;Joseph J Eron.;Gerd Fätkenheuer.;Huldrych F Günthard.;Jean-Michel Molina.;Donna M Jacobsen.;Paul A Volberding.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷4期379-396页
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of prevention and management of HIV infection.
449. Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment With the Ankle-Brachial Index: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷2期177-183页
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis in the lower limbs. It can impair walking and, in severe cases, can lead to tissue loss, infection, and amputation. In addition to morbidity directly caused by PAD, patients with PAD are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, because atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that also causes coronary and cerebrovascular events.
450. Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease Using the Ankle-Brachial Index: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Janelle M Guirguis-Blake.;Corinne V Evans.;Nadia Redmond.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷2期184-196页
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular events and poor ambulatory function, even in the absence of symptoms. Screening for PAD with the ankle-brachial index (ABI) may identify patients in need of treatment to improve health outcomes.
451. Nontraditional Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jennifer S Lin.;Corinne V Evans.;Eric Johnson.;Nadia Redmond.;Erin L Coppola.;Ning Smith.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷3期281-297页
Incorporating nontraditional risk factors may improve the performance of traditional multivariable risk assessment for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
452. Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease With Nontraditional Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷3期272-280页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death among adults in the United States. Treatment to prevent CVD events by modifying risk factors is currently informed by the Framingham Risk Score, the Pooled Cohort Equations, or similar CVD risk assessment models. If current CVD risk assessment models could be improved by adding more risk factors, treatment might be better targeted, thereby maximizing the benefits and minimizing the harms.
454. Management Considerations in Infective Endocarditis: A Review.
Infective endocarditis occurs in approximately 15 of 100 000 people in the United States and has increased in incidence. Clinicians must make treatment decisions with respect to prophylaxis, surgical management, specific antibiotics, and the length of treatment in the setting of emerging, sometimes inconclusive clinical research findings.
455. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Pignone.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷24期2521-2531页
By 2020, approximately 12.3 million individuals in the United States older than 50 years are expected to have osteoporosis. Osteoporotic fractures, particularly hip fractures, are associated with limitations in ambulation, chronic pain and disability, loss of independence, and decreased quality of life, and 21% to 30% of patients who experience a hip fracture die within 1 year. The prevalence of primary osteoporosis (ie, osteoporosis without underlying disease) increases with age and differs by race/ethnicity. With the aging of the US population, the potential preventable burden is likely to increase in future years.
456. Screening to Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Meera Viswanathan.;Shivani Reddy.;Nancy Berkman.;Katie Cullen.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Leila C Kahwati.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷24期2532-2551页
Osteoporotic fractures cause significant morbidity and mortality.
457. Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Resting or Exercise Electrocardiography: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Daniel E Jonas.;Shivani Reddy.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Colleen Barclay.;Joshua Green.;Claire Baker.;Gary N Asher.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷22期2315-2328页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States.
458. Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Electrocardiography: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷22期2308-2314页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which encompasses atherosclerotic conditions such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease, is the most common cause of death among adults in the United States. Treatment to prevent CVD events by modifying risk factors is currently informed by CVD risk assessment with tools such as the Framingham Risk Score or the Pooled Cohort Equations, which stratify individual risk to inform treatment decisions.
459. Association Between Oxygen Saturation Targeting and Death or Disability in Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-analysis Collaboration.
作者: Lisa M Askie.;Brian A Darlow.;Neil Finer.;Barbara Schmidt.;Ben Stenson.;William Tarnow-Mordi.;Peter G Davis.;Waldemar A Carlo.;Peter Brocklehurst.;Lucy C Davies.;Abhik Das.;Wade Rich.;Marie G Gantz.;Robin S Roberts.;Robin K Whyte.;Lorrie Costantini.;Christian Poets.;Elizabeth Asztalos.;Malcolm Battin.;Henry L Halliday.;Neil Marlow.;Win Tin.;Andrew King.;Edmund Juszczak.;Colin J Morley.;Lex W Doyle.;Val Gebski.;Kylie E Hunter.;Robert J Simes.; .
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷21期2190-2201页
There are potential benefits and harms of hyperoxemia and hypoxemia for extremely preterm infants receiving more vs less supplemental oxygen.
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