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4441. Trends in study methods used in undergraduate medical education research, 1969-2007.
作者: Amy Baernstein.;Hillary K Liss.;Patricia A Carney.;Joann G Elmore.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷9期1038-45页
Evidence-based medical education requires rigorous studies appraising educational efficacy.
4443. Does this child have appendicitis?
作者: David G Bundy.;Julie S Byerley.;E Allen Liles.;Eliana M Perrin.;Jessica Katznelson.;Henry E Rice.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷4期438-51页
Evaluation of abdominal pain in children can be difficult. Rapid, accurate diagnosis of appendicitis in children reduces the morbidity of this common cause of pediatric abdominal pain. Clinical evaluation may help identify (1) which children with abdominal pain and a likely diagnosis of appendicitis should undergo immediate surgical consultation for potential appendectomy and (2) which children with equivocal presentations of appendicitis should undergo further diagnostic evaluation.
4444. Influence of a diet very high in vegetables, fruit, and fiber and low in fat on prognosis following treatment for breast cancer: the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) randomized trial.
作者: John P Pierce.;Loki Natarajan.;Bette J Caan.;Barbara A Parker.;E Robert Greenberg.;Shirley W Flatt.;Cheryl L Rock.;Sheila Kealey.;Wael K Al-Delaimy.;Wayne A Bardwell.;Robert W Carlson.;Jennifer A Emond.;Susan Faerber.;Ellen B Gold.;Richard A Hajek.;Kathryn Hollenbach.;Lovell A Jones.;Njeri Karanja.;Lisa Madlensky.;James Marshall.;Vicky A Newman.;Cheryl Ritenbaugh.;Cynthia A Thomson.;Linda Wasserman.;Marcia L Stefanick.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷3期289-98页
Evidence is lacking that a dietary pattern high in vegetables, fruit, and fiber and low in total fat can influence breast cancer recurrence or survival.
4445. Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health.
Prescription drugs are instrumental to managing and preventing chronic disease. Recent changes in US prescription drug cost sharing could affect access to them.
4446. Identifying widely covered drugs and drug coverage variation among Medicare part D formularies.
作者: Chien-Wen Tseng.;Carol M Mangione.;Robert H Brook.;Emmett Keeler.;R Adams Dudley.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷23期2596-602页
Clinicians can find it difficult to know which drugs are covered for their Medicare patients because formularies vary widely among Medicare Part D plans and many states have 50 or more such plans.
4447. Clinical trial registration: looking back and moving ahead.
作者: Christine Laine.;Richard Horton.;Catherine D DeAngelis.;Jeffrey M Drazen.;Frank A Frizelle.;Fiona Godlee.;Charlotte Haug.;Paul C Hébert.;Sheldon Kotzin.;Ana Marusic.;Peush Sahni.;Torben V Schroeder.;Harold C Sox.;Martin B Van der Weyden.;Freek W A Verheugt.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷1期93-4页 4448. Burden, features, and outcome of neurological involvement in acute falciparum malaria in Kenyan children.
作者: Richard Idro.;Moses Ndiritu.;Bernhards Ogutu.;Sadik Mithwani.;Kathryn Maitland.;James Berkley.;Jane Crawley.;Gregory Fegan.;Evasius Bauni.;Norbert Peshu.;Kevin Marsh.;Brian Neville.;Charles Newton.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷20期2232-40页
Plasmodium falciparum appears to have a particular propensity to involve the brain but the burden, risk factors, and full extent of neurological involvement have not been systematically described.
4449. Improved diagnostic testing and malaria treatment practices in Zambia.
作者: Davidson H Hamer.;Micky Ndhlovu.;Dejan Zurovac.;Matthew Fox.;Kojo Yeboah-Antwi.;Pascalina Chanda.;Naawa Sipilinyambe.;Jonathon L Simon.;Robert W Snow.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷20期2227-31页
Improving the accuracy of malaria diagnosis with rapid antigen-detection diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been proposed as an approach for reducing overtreatment of malaria in the current era of widespread implementation of artemisinin-based combination therapy in sub-Saharan Africa.
4451. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause.
作者: Jacques E Rossouw.;Ross L Prentice.;JoAnn E Manson.;Lieling Wu.;David Barad.;Vanessa M Barnabei.;Marcia Ko.;Andrea Z LaCroix.;Karen L Margolis.;Marcia L Stefanick.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷13期1465-77页
The timing of initiation of hormone therapy may influence its effect on cardiovascular disease.
4452. Economic return of clinical trials performed under the pediatric exclusivity program.
作者: Jennifer S Li.;Eric L Eisenstein.;Henry G Grabowski.;Elizabeth D Reid.;Barry Mangum.;Kevin A Schulman.;John V Goldsmith.;M Dianne Murphy.;Robert M Califf.;Daniel K Benjamin.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷5期480-8页
In 1997, Congress authorized the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to grant 6-month extensions of marketing rights through the Pediatric Exclusivity Program if industry sponsors complete FDA-requested pediatric trials. The program has been praised for creating incentives for studies in children and has been criticized as a "windfall" to the innovator drug industry. This critique has been a substantial part of congressional debate on the program, which is due to expire in 2007.
4453. Analysis of observational studies in the presence of treatment selection bias: effects of invasive cardiac management on AMI survival using propensity score and instrumental variable methods.
作者: Thérèse A Stukel.;Elliott S Fisher.;David E Wennberg.;David A Alter.;Daniel J Gottlieb.;Marian J Vermeulen.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷3期278-85页
Comparisons of outcomes between patients treated and untreated in observational studies may be biased due to differences in patient prognosis between groups, often because of unobserved treatment selection biases.
4454. N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiovascular events, and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease.
作者: Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo.;Reena Gupta.;Beeya Na.;Alan H B Wu.;Nelson B Schiller.;Mary A Whooley.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷2期169-76页
Identification of individuals at high risk for cardiovascular events is important for the optimal use of primary and secondary prevention measures.
4455. Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults.
作者: Sherry L Willis.;Sharon L Tennstedt.;Michael Marsiske.;Karlene Ball.;Jeffrey Elias.;Kathy Mann Koepke.;John N Morris.;George W Rebok.;Frederick W Unverzagt.;Anne M Stoddard.;Elizabeth Wright.; .
来源: JAMA. 2006年296卷23期2805-14页
Cognitive training has been shown to improve cognitive abilities in older adults but the effects of cognitive training on everyday function have not been demonstrated.
4456. Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) observational cohort.
作者: James N Weinstein.;Jon D Lurie.;Tor D Tosteson.;Jonathan S Skinner.;Brett Hanscom.;Anna N A Tosteson.;Harry Herkowitz.;Jeffrey Fischgrund.;Frank P Cammisa.;Todd Albert.;Richard A Deyo.
来源: JAMA. 2006年296卷20期2451-9页
For patients with lumbar disk herniation, the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) randomized trial intent-to-treat analysis showed small but not statistically significant differences in favor of diskectomy compared with usual care. However, the large numbers of patients who crossed over between assigned groups precluded any conclusions about the comparative effectiveness of operative therapy vs usual care.
4457. Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT): a randomized trial.
作者: James N Weinstein.;Tor D Tosteson.;Jon D Lurie.;Anna N A Tosteson.;Brett Hanscom.;Jonathan S Skinner.;William A Abdu.;Alan S Hilibrand.;Scott D Boden.;Richard A Deyo.
来源: JAMA. 2006年296卷20期2441-50页
Lumbar diskectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed for back and leg symptoms in US patients, but the efficacy of the procedure relative to nonoperative care remains controversial.
4458. Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts among blacks in the United States.
作者: Sean Joe.;Raymond E Baser.;Gregory Breeden.;Harold W Neighbors.;James S Jackson.
来源: JAMA. 2006年296卷17期2112-23页
Lack of data on the lifetime prevalence and age at onset of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts among blacks in the United States limits the creation and evaluation of interventions to reduce suicide among black Americans.
4459. Psychopathology in young people with intellectual disability.
作者: Stewart L Einfeld.;Andrea M Piccinin.;Andrew Mackinnon.;Scott M Hofer.;John Taffe.;Kylie M Gray.;Daniel E Bontempo.;Lesa R Hoffman.;Trevor Parmenter.;Bruce J Tonge.
来源: JAMA. 2006年296卷16期1981-9页
Comorbid severe mental health problems complicating intellectual disability are a common and costly public health problem. Although these problems are known to begin in early childhood, little is known of how they evolve over time or whether they continue into adulthood.
4460. Use of nesiritide before and after publications suggesting drug-related risks in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
作者: Paul J Hauptman.;Mark A Schnitzler.;Jason Swindle.;Thomas E Burroughs.
来源: JAMA. 2006年296卷15期1877-84页
The rate of adoption of new therapies for cardiovascular diseases following the publication of favorable clinical trial results has been studied; however, less is known about the rates of de-adoption of a drug when negative studies are published.
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