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4421. Renal transplantation in children. A report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study.
Previous studies of renal transplantation in children have focused on the survival of grafts and patients. Little information is available about the cause of renal disease, the sources of donated organs, or children's growth after transplantation. The North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study was organized to identify the diseases that require transplantation and to analyze factors that affect the success of transplantation in children.
4422. Occurrence of ophthalmopathy after treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism. The Thyroid Study Group.
作者: L Tallstedt.;G Lundell.;O Tørring.;G Wallin.;J G Ljunggren.;H Blomgren.;A Taube.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷26期1733-8页
Ophthalmopathy caused by Graves' disease may first appear or worsen during or after treatment for hyperthyroidism. It is not known, however, whether choosing to treat hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs, iodine-131, or surgery affects the development or aggravation of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
4423. Synthetic surfactants in infants with respiratory distress syndrome.4424. Improvement in exercise performance by inhalation of methoxamine in patients with impaired left ventricular function.
作者: L Cabanes.;F Costes.;S Weber.;J Regnard.;C Benvenuti.;A Castaigne.;F Guerin.;A Lockhart.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷25期1661-5页
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to cholinergic stimuli such as the inhalation of methacholine is common in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Such hyperresponsiveness is best explained by cholinergic vasodilation of blood vessels in the small airways, with extravasation of plasma due to high left ventricular filling pressure. Because this vasodilation may be prevented by the inhalation of the vasoconstrictor agent methoxamine, we studied the effect of methoxamine on exercise performance in patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction.
4426. Manipulating the immune system with immune globulin. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Intravenous Immunoglobulin Study Group.
作者: L M Mofenson.;W T Shearer.;J Moye.;R Nugent.;A Willoughby.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷24期1636-7; author reply 1637-8页 4429. Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with cancer of the esophagus.
作者: A Herskovic.;K Martz.;M al-Sarraf.;L Leichman.;J Brindle.;V Vaitkevicius.;J Cooper.;R Byhardt.;L Davis.;B Emami.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷24期1593-8页
The efficacy of conventional treatment with surgery and radiation for cancer of the esophagus is limited. The median survival is less than 10 months, and less than 10 percent of patients survive for 5 years. Recent studies have suggested that combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy may result in improved survival.
4430. Induction of labor as compared with serial antenatal monitoring in post-term pregnancy. A randomized controlled trial. The Canadian Multicenter Post-term Pregnancy Trial Group.
作者: M E Hannah.;W J Hannah.;J Hellmann.;S Hewson.;R Milner.;A Willan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷24期1587-92页
The rates of perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity are higher for post-term pregnancies than for term pregnancies. It is not known, however, whether the induction of labor results in better outcomes than does serial fetal monitoring while awaiting spontaneous labor.
4431. Endoscopic biliary drainage for severe acute cholangitis.
作者: E C Lai.;F P Mok.;E S Tan.;C M Lo.;S T Fan.;K T You.;J Wong.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷24期1582-6页
Emergency surgery for patients with severe acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Because recent results suggested that emergency endoscopic drainage could improve the outcome of such patients, we undertook a prospective study to determine the role of this procedure as initial treatment.
4432. Magnetic resonance imaging of angiographically occult runoff vessels in peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
Bypass grafting to arteries of the lower leg has become standard surgical management of advanced peripheral vascular disease. Its success depends on identifying suitable distal vessels. Preoperative preparation includes imaging of the arteries of the lower leg, usually by conventional contrast arteriography. An alternative procedure, magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, has been successfully employed in patients with various cardiovascular diseases, but its possible value in patients with peripheral vascular disease has received little attention.
4433. Oral milrinone in severe chronic heart failure.4434. Oral milrinone in severe chronic heart failure.
作者: A M Feldman.;K L Baughman.;J E Strobeck.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷23期1565-6; author reply 1567页 4435. Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices.
作者: G V Stiegmann.;J S Goff.;P A Michaletz-Onody.;J Korula.;D Lieberman.;Z A Saeed.;R M Reveille.;J H Sun.;S R Lowenstein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷23期1527-32页
Endoscopic sclerotherapy is an accepted treatment for bleeding esophageal varices, but it is associated with substantial local and systemic complications. Endoscopic ligation, a new form of endoscopic treatment for bleeding varices, may be safer. We compared the effectiveness and safety of the two techniques.
4436. Interferon alfa-2a therapy for life-threatening hemangiomas of infancy.
Most hemangiomas are small, harmless birthmarks that appear soon after birth, proliferate for 8 to 18 months, and then slowly regress over the next 5 to 8 years, leaving normal or slightly blemished skin. In rare cases, hemangiomas can endanger vital structures, with a mortality of up to 60 percent. About a third of these life-threatening hemangiomas respond to treatment with corticosteroids, but for the others there is no safe and effective treatment. We evaluated the effects of daily subcutaneous injections of interferon alfa-2a (up to 3 million units per square meter of body-surface area) in 20 neonates and infants with life-threatening or vision-threatening hemangiomas that failed to respond to corticosteroid therapy.
4438. A controlled trial of plasmapheresis therapy in severe lupus nephritis. The Lupus Nephritis Collaborative Study Group.
The prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who have glomerulonephritis is poor, despite treatment with immunosuppressive therapy. Plasmapheresis therapy has been used, but there have been few controlled clinical observations of its efficacy.
4439. Controlled trial of plasma exchange and leukapheresis in polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
作者: F W Miller.;S F Leitman.;M E Cronin.;J E Hicks.;R L Leff.;R Wesley.;D D Fraser.;M Dalakas.;P H Plotz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年326卷21期1380-4页
The therapeutic options for patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis that is resistant to corticosteroids are limited, unproved, and often toxic. Uncontrolled trials concluded that both plasma exchange and leukapheresis are beneficial, but despite the considerable use of these approaches, proof of their efficacy is lacking.
4440. Aspirin for cerebral transient ischemic attacks or minor ischemic strokes. |