Approximately 85% of all instances of lung cancer are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Crizotinib and entrectinib are the preferred first line therapy for treating ROS1 fusion-positive NSCLC (ROS1+NSCLC). However, not all patients react to these treatments and most of the patients acquire resistance to the medications. Taletrectinib is intended to address few of the issues with these treatments, such as lowering tyrosine receptor kinase B TRKB-related neurological side events by selectively inhibiting ROS1 over TRKB, addressing tumor treatment resistance and brain metastases through blood-brain barrier penetration.

Taxanes are essential chemotherapy agents for breast cancer treatment. However, patients frequently experience chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) during their course of treatment. Cryotherapy is a non-pharmacological approach that has been explored for its potential effects on preventing or improving CIPN. However, although several studies have reported on the effects of cryotherapy, no comprehensive review has been conducted to confirm its benefits.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cold therapy on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in oncology patients.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an innovative treatment that has improved long-term survival in several neoplastic diseases over the past decade. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, particularly lung transplant (LTx) recipients, have been largely excluded from clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficiency of ICIs, because of the perceived high risk of allograft rejection. In this study, we sought to evaluate the use of ICIs for all neoplastic diseases in LTx patients in all French LTx centers and two Belgian centers. We found only a limited number of cases in which ICIs were suggested to two patients due to a lack of alternative treatments. In the first case, acute respiratory failure and death occurred, whereas in the second case, ICI treatment was well tolerated and resulted in a partial response. In addition, we presented the case of a third LTx patient in whom the use of ICIs was considered but not used due to the patient's comorbidities. This last case highlights the difficulty of discussing the risk-benefit balance, which ultimately did not favor ICI treatment of this patient. Further multicenter randomized controlled trials are necessary to investigate the safety and efficacy of ICIs in LTx recipients.

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of regimens combining new drugs (bortezomib, etc.) with chemotherapy in the treatment of plasmaoblastoid lymphoma (PBL). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting Proceedings, Cochrane Controlled Trials Center Registry, Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index, and meeting abstracts were searched for quality evaluation based on Cochrane Risk and Jadad scores and other assessment tools. Patients were divided into subgroup 1 (traditional treatment vs. no treatment) and subgroup 2 (traditional treatment vs. combination of new drugs) based on medication use, and Revman 5.4 software was applied for statistical analysis. A total of 12 papers were included, including 410 patients with PBL. Meta-analysis results: the objective remission rate (ORR) of patients in the combination of new drugs group was higher than that of the traditional treatment group [56.8% (25/44) vs. 70.2% (66/94); OR = 2.18, 95%CI 1.58-2.78, P = 0.002 < 0.05], and the progression-free survival (PFS) rate of patients in the combination of new drugs group was higher than that of the traditional treatment group. the progression survival (PFS) was better than traditional treatment group (HR = 2.22, 95%CI 1.71-2.90, P < 0.001), and the heterogeneity between the results of each study I = 95%; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.81, 95%CI 0.44-7.46, P = 0.41), and grade 3-4 adverse events (AE) (HR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.27-7.46, P = 0.002 < 0.05). 95%CI 0.27-2.71, P = 0.78) were not statistically different. The regimen combining new drugs is an effective means to improve the prognosis of PBL, with better ORR and PFS than the traditional regimen, and there is no statistically significant difference between the two adverse events. However, the small sample size of this study increases the possibility of bias and the results need to be treated with caution.

Cisplatin-induced hearing loss leads to significant neurologic, social, and behavioral impairment in children. The goal of this study is to characterize options available to prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss and to identify gaps in the literature.

Hematological cancers are among the leading malignancies affecting women of reproductive age. Oocyte cryopreservation (OC) is routinely recommended before initiating gonadotoxic treatments. We aim to evaluate OC outcomes in women with hematological cancers undergoing chemotherapy.

Cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CTRCD) is a significant adverse effect of oncologic treatment, associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Among CTRCD, heart failure stands out in prevalence and severity, with left ventricular dysfunction being the focus of most studies. Right ventricle (RV) may also be damaged by CTRCD, however the effects of CTRCD on RV function (RVF) have not been elucidated.

Gastric cancer, especially cancer of the gastro-esophageal junction, ranks among the first five cancers in the world with the highest mortality rates. It has poor survival rates for the advanced stages. Traditional chemotherapy, while standard, often results in significant side effects and limited efficacy. The objective of this meta-analysis and systemic review is to ascertain if pembrolizumab-based therapies for advanced gastric cancer are more effective and safer than standard chemotherapy. The focus consisted of RCTs with adults suffering from gastric carcinoma who received pembrolizumab every 3 weeks (200 mg) intra-related dose or with at least comparable chemotherapy regimen. Outcomes assessed are as follows: overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). All potential sources regarding the search of outcome measures were applied: Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane library, and last search in June 2024 was carried out. Out of 568 articles screened, four RCTs comprising 2,831 patients met the inclusion criteria. Analysis indicated that pembrolizumab alone did not significantly improve OS compared to chemotherapy (HR 0.87). However, when combined with chemotherapy, pembrolizumab dramatically enhanced OS (HR 0.80) and PFS (HR 0.78). ORR was superior in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group (RR 1.24), while pembrolizumab monotherapy showed no significant difference from chemotherapy alone. Safety analysis revealed a higher frequency of adverse events in the pembrolizumab-based therapy groups compared to chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab together with chemotherapy improves greater survival and higher levels of response rate in patients with severe gastric cancer, especially with high PD-L1 expression. But it has rather more adverse events, allowing patient monitoring with care.

Baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis influences miRNA expression in various cancers, affecting key signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, mTOR) and processes like tumor growth, apoptosis, and metastasis. miRNAs, as small non-coding RNAs, play crucial roles in the cancer pathogenesis-associated gene regulations. This study is aimed at systematically reviewing the effects of baicalein on miRNA expression in various cancers. A comprehensive systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to investigate the impact of baicalein on miRNA expression in cancer. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched using key search terms. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies reporting changes in miRNA expression following baicalein treatment in cancer cell lines and animal models. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment based on SYRCLE's risk of bias tool were performed to ensure methodological rigor and reliability of the findings. Fifteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review. Baicalein impacts miRNA expression in cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma, breast, cervical, ovarian, and gastric cancers, suggesting its potential as a multi-cancer therapeutic. Baicalein regulates tumor-related genes (HDAC10, MDM2, Bcl-2/Bax, and Cyclin E1) and signaling molecules (AKT, FOXO3α), affecting cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle, indicating targeted therapeutic potential. In vitro and in vivo studies show baicalein inhibits tumor growth, enhances apoptosis, and regulates cell proliferation, supporting its anticancer effects. Baicalein exhibits potential in modulating miRNA expression in cancer, offering avenues for therapeutic intervention. However, methodological rigor in future studies is essential to enhance the reliability and validity of findings. Comprehensive understanding of baicalein's effects on miRNA expression holds promise for developing novel cancer treatment strategies.

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors with endocrine therapy versus endocrine therapy alone in treating advanced or metastatic estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) + breast cancer.

Certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, such as Follicular Lymphoma (FL) and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), often necessitate multiple treatment approaches. One promising avenue is immune checkpoint inhibition, specifically targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Pembrolizumab, an immunotherapy medication, acts by inhibiting the PD-1 pathway and has gained approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating various cancers, including melanoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer, and endometrial cancer. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of pembrolizumab on patient outcomes and survival in the context of B-cell lymphoma.

The objective was to assess chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity by comparing changes in myocardial work indices (MWI) using echocardiographic myocardial work (MW).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape for several malignancies, but their efficacy in unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ICIs in this context, focusing on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and toxicity. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Scopus identified 34 eligible studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational cohorts. Quantitative synthesis involved 21 studies comprising 937 patients, with additional qualitative analyses on biomarker-driven subgroups and early-phase trials. The median OS across studies was 8.65 months, while the median PFS was 2.55 months. The ORR and DCR were 16.2% and 50.3%, respectively, with grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurring in 22% of patients. Promising outcomes were observed in MSI-H/dMMR populations, although these represented only 1-2% of cases. Combination strategies with chemotherapy demonstrated synergistic potential but lacked definitive evidence due to heterogeneity and the absence of phase III trials. ICIs showed a manageable toxicity profile, highlighting their feasibility in selected patients. Future research should focus on overcoming tumor microenvironment barriers and identifying biomarkers to optimize responsiveness and expand the applicability of ICIs in pancreatic cancer.

Metastatic and recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) present challenging clinical management. Imatinib is the standard first-line therapy, improving survival and reducing tumor burden in the neoadjuvant use, facilitating surgical intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of neoadjuvant imatinib in metastatic/recurrent GISTs, highlighting its potential to enhance surgical outcomes and overall patient management.

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has recently become a promising and innovative therapeutic option for patients suffering from advanced recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer(CC), and several studies of immunotherapy have been published or have revealed stage-by-stage results at international congresses. Nevertheless, there is a lack of meta-analyses of ICIs for advanced CC in past Meta-analysis.

First-line therapy for ovarian cancer involves cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab. Bevacizumab can be administered at low (7.5 mg/kg every three weeks [Q3W]) or high dose (15 mg/kg Q3W). This study compared the efficacy and safety of these dosing strategies.

Gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) is a rare and potentially fatal adverse event of antineoplastic therapy. GIP is a rare but serious complication in oncology patients, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality. In general oncology patients, the incidence of GIP ranged from 0.5 to 1.9%. A meta-analysis of six clinical trials with 4579 patients reported an incidence of 1.0%. Among mCRC patients, the incidence varied between 0.5 and 2.4%, with geographic differences-1.5% in the USA and 2.4% in Australia. For metastatic melanoma patients, the incidence of GIP ranged from 0.4 to 0.67%, with U.S. rates of 0.57% and 0.67% and a lower rate of 0.40% reported in Germany. The findings suggest that the risk of GIP varies significantly across oncology populations and treatment regimens, with higher risks noted in metastatic cancer patients undergoing therapies such as VEGF inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors. These data highlight the need for careful monitoring and early intervention in high-risk populations to reduce the impact of GIP on patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to summarize the incidence of GIP in general oncology, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and metastatic melanoma (MM) populations. A literature search was conducted in Embase and Medline databases from January 1, 2011 to August 30, 2017, identifying relevant studies on GIP incidence.

Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who have KRAS mutations often see poor results with standard treatments, leaving them with fewer viable options. Over the past few years, new KRAS G12C inhibitors have emerged as a targeted approach for a specific subset of these mutations, though their effectiveness and safety in advanced CRC remain areas of ongoing research. In this systematic review, we identified nine clinical trials including a total of 668 patients, by searching PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Embase through October 2024. When sotorasib was used alone, the objective response rate (ORR) ranged from 7.1 to 9.7%, with disease control (DC) rates of 73.8 to 82.3% and a median progression-free survival (PFS) spanning 4-5.6 months. Combining sotorasib with panitumumab, especially at higher doses, raised its ORR to 26.4%. Meanwhile, pairing adagrasib with cetuximab led to a 42% ORR and a median PFS of 6.9 months, surpassing the 19% ORR observed with adagrasib alone. Divarasib monotherapy produced a 36% ORR and an 85.5% DC rate, with a PFS of 5.6 months; in tandem with cetuximab, those numbers climbed to a 62.5% ORR and a PFS of 8.1 months. Common side effects across these trials included diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, and various skin reactions. Overall, KRAS G12C inhibitors appear to offer meaningful benefits for CRC patients, particularly when used alongside EGFR inhibitors like cetuximab or panitumumab. However, further large-scale, randomized trials are needed to refine dosing strategies and gain a clearer picture of both efficacy and potential risks.

The comparative efficacy and safety of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors versus programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in breast cancer treatment remain inconclusive, as no head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy for breast cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using major databases and oncology conference proceedings. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) for advanced breast cancer and pathological complete response (PCR) rate for early breast cancer. Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) for advanced breast cancer and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of seven RCTs on early-stage and 10 on advanced breast cancer. For advanced breast cancer, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors modestly improved OS compared to chemotherapy, with no significant differences between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. PD-L1 inhibitors showed greater improvement in PFS compared to PD-1 inhibitors. The likelihood of AEs of any grade was higher with PD-L1 inhibitor treatment than with PD-1 inhibitor treatment. In early breast cancer, combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with chemotherapy inducing higher PCR rates than chemotherapy alone, with PD-1 inhibitors achieving better outcomes than PD-L1 inhibitors. PD-1 inhibitors were linked to slightly higher rates of grade >2 AEs compared to PD-L1 inhibitors. The findings indicate that PD-1 inhibitors may offer advantages for advanced breast cancer due to similar OS and a lower rate of AEs. For early breast cancer, PD-1 inhibitors are recommended given their superior PCR rates.