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4341. Aspirin in ischemic heart disease.4343. Warfarin in the prevention of stroke associated with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigators.
作者: M D Ezekowitz.;S L Bridgers.;K E James.;N H Carliner.;C L Colling.;C C Gornick.;H Krause-Steinrauf.;J F Kurtzke.;S M Nazarian.;M J Radford.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷20期1406-12页
Nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation is common among the elderly and is associated with an increased risk of stroke. We investigated whether anticoagulation with warfarin would reduce this risk.
4344. A comparison of salmeterol with albuterol in the treatment of mild-to-moderate asthma.
作者: D S Pearlman.;P Chervinsky.;C LaForce.;J M Seltzer.;D L Southern.;J P Kemp.;R J Dockhorn.;J Grossman.;R F Liddle.;S W Yancey.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷20期1420-5页
An effective, long-acting bronchodilator could benefit patients with asthma who have symptoms not controlled by antiinflammatory drugs. We compared a new long-acting, inhaled beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, salmeterol, with a short-acting beta 2-agonist, albuterol, in the treatment of mild-to-moderate asthma.
4345. A comparison of bronchodilator therapy with or without inhaled corticosteroid therapy for obstructive airways disease. Dutch Chronic Non-Specific Lung Disease Study Group.
作者: H A Kerstjens.;P L Brand.;M D Hughes.;N J Robinson.;D S Postma.;H J Sluiter.;E R Bleecker.;P N Dekhuijzen.;P M de Jong.;H J Mengelers.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷20期1413-9页
The morbidity from obstructive airways disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is considerable, and the mortality rate is rising in several countries. It has been hypothesized that long-term improvement in prognosis might result from vigorous bronchodilator or antiinflammatory therapy.
4347. Interferon alfa combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
作者: R V Smalley.;J W Andersen.;M J Hawkins.;V Bhide.;M J O'Connell.;M M Oken.;E C Borden.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷19期1336-41页
Interferon alfa has been found to be effective as an antitumor agent (with a response rate of 30 percent) in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but its effectiveness in those with intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been less adequately tested. In a prospective randomized study we evaluated the effectiveness of adding interferon alfa to cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with clinically aggressive, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and certain histologic variants of intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, not including diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.
4348. Predictors of long-term outcome after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty.
作者: D J Cohen.;R E Kuntz.;S P Gordon.;R N Piana.;R D Safian.;R G McKay.;D S Baim.;W Grossman.;D J Diver.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷19期1329-35页
Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty is known to produce short-term hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement in many patients with mitral stenosis. Comprehensive assessment of the clinical usefulness of balloon valvuloplasty requires evaluation of patients' long-term outcomes.
4349. Comparison of a second-generation combination chemotherapeutic regimen (m-BACOD) with a standard regimen (CHOP) for advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
作者: L I Gordon.;D Harrington.;J Andersen.;J Colgan.;J Glick.;R Neiman.;R Mann.;G D Resnick.;M Barcos.;A Gottlieb.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷19期1342-9页
In 1984, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group began a randomized controlled clinical trial of patients with advanced (stage III or IV) diffuse mixed or diffuse large-cell lymphoma to determine whether complete-remission rates, survival, and toxicity differed when patients were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), as compared with a regimen containing bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dexamethasone, methotrexate, and leucovorin (m-BACOD).
4350. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Collaborative Study Group.
作者: K L Davis.;L J Thal.;E R Gamzu.;C S Davis.;R F Woolson.;S I Gracon.;D A Drachman.;L S Schneider.;P J Whitehouse.;T M Hoover.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷18期1253-9页
In Alzheimer's disease, there is a marked decline in the function of cholinergic neurons in the brain. However, studies of treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors have produced conflicting results. We conducted a multicenter trial to evaluate whether the cholinesterase inhibitor tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-acridinamine monohydrochloride monohydrate) could improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
4352. A randomized trial of psychosocial support during high-risk pregnancies. The Latin American Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Research.
作者: J Villar.;U Farnot.;F Barros.;C Victora.;A Langer.;J M Belizan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷18期1266-71页
It is often suggested that psychological and social support and health education for women at high risk for delivering a low-birth-weight infant can improve the outcomes of pregnancy, but the evidence is inconclusive. We undertook this prospective trial to evaluate a program of home visits designed to provide psychosocial support during pregnancy.
4354. The effect of finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Finasteride Study Group.
作者: G J Gormley.;E Stoner.;R C Bruskewitz.;J Imperato-McGinley.;P C Walsh.;J D McConnell.;G L Andriole.;J Geller.;B R Bracken.;J S Tenover.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷17期1185-91页
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a progressive, androgen-dependent disease resulting in enlargement of the prostate gland and urinary obstruction. Preventing the conversion of testosterone to its tissue-active form, dihydrotestosterone, by inhibiting the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase could decrease the action of androgens in their target tissues; in the prostate the result might be a decrease in prostatic hyperplasia and therefore in symptoms of urinary obstruction.
4355. Tolerance to the nonbronchodilator effects of inhaled beta 2-agonists in asthma.
Tolerance to the direct bronchodilator effects of beta 2-agonists does not appear to occur in asthma. However, it is not known whether this is true for the nonbronchodilator effects of these agents, which protect the airways against bronchoconstrictive stimuli.
4356. Long-term effects of a long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, salmeterol, on airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with mild asthma.
作者: D Cheung.;M C Timmers.;A H Zwinderman.;E H Bel.;J H Dijkman.;P J Sterk.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷17期1198-203页
Asthma is characterized by hyperresponsiveness of the airways to bronchoconstrictive stimuli. Long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists have been introduced as a new therapeutic approach, but there is growing concern about whether control of asthma may deteriorate with the regular use of these agents. We investigated the long-term effects of the beta 2 agonist salmeterol on bronchodilation and on airway hyperresponsiveness to the bronchoconstrictive agent methacholine in mild asthma.
4357. Withdrawal syndrome after the double-blind cessation of caffeine consumption.
People who stop consuming caffeine may have symptoms, but the incidence and severity of caffeine withdrawal are not known. This study was performed to determine the effects in the general population of ending one's dietary intake of caffeine.
4358. Treatment of advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck with alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
作者: M Merlano.;V Vitale.;R Rosso.;M Benasso.;R Corvò.;M Cavallari.;G Sanguineti.;A Bacigalupo.;F Badellino.;G Margarino.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷16期1115-21页
For patients with advanced, unresectable squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, radiotherapy is the standard treatment but has poor results. We therefore designed a randomized trial to determine whether alternating chemotherapy with radiotherapy would improve the survival of such patients.
4359. A controlled trial of scheduled replacement of central venous and pulmonary-artery catheters.
作者: D K Cobb.;K P High.;R G Sawyer.;C A Sable.;R B Adams.;D A Lindley.;T L Pruett.;K J Schwenzer.;B M Farr.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷15期1062-8页
The incidence of infection increases with the prolonged use of central vascular catheters, but it is unclear whether changing catheters every three days, as some recommend, will reduce the rate of infection, It is also unclear whether it is safer to change a catheter over a guide wire or insert it at a new site.
4360. A comparison of standard-dose and high-dose epinephrine in cardiac arrest outside the hospital. The Multicenter High-Dose Epinephrine Study Group.
作者: C G Brown.;D R Martin.;P E Pepe.;H Stueven.;R O Cummins.;E Gonzalez.;M Jastremski.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷15期1051-5页
Experimental and uncontrolled clinical evidence suggests that intravenous epinephrine in doses higher than currently recommended may improve outcome after cardiac arrest. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study comparing standard-dose epinephrine with high-dose epinephrine in the management of cardiac arrest outside the hospital.
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