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4241. Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease.
作者: .;Emanuele Di Angelantonio.;Nadeem Sarwar.;Philip Perry.;Stephen Kaptoge.;Kausik K Ray.;Alexander Thompson.;Angela M Wood.;Sarah Lewington.;Naveed Sattar.;Chris J Packard.;Rory Collins.;Simon G Thompson.;John Danesh.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷18期1993-2000页
Associations of major lipids and apolipoproteins with the risk of vascular disease have not been reliably quantified.
4243. Health care choices and decisions in the United States and Canada.
Media speculation about the scope of proposals for health care reform in the United States have led many Americans to be “very concerned” that changes will limit their choices in the future (ABC news poll 6/24/09). Health care choices are made on three levels: insurance plans, sources of care (physicians and hospitals), and clinical decisions (diagnostic tests and treatments). In this Commentary, we discuss the extent to which Americans currently are able to exercise choices. For context, we will compare the U.S. environment with that in Canada, partly because its health system, with much greater government involvement, is often publicly-portrayed in the U.S. as limiting choice.
4244. DNA beta-amyloid(1-42) trimer immunization for Alzheimer disease in a wild-type mouse model.
作者: Doris Lambracht-Washington.;Bao-Xi Qu.;Min Fu.;Todd N Eagar.;Olaf Stüve.;Roger N Rosenberg.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷16期1796-802页
DNA beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42) trimer immunization was developed to produce specific T helper 2 cell (T(H)2)-type antibodies to provide an effective and safe therapy for Alzheimer disease (AD) by reducing elevated levels of Abeta42 peptide that occur in the brain of patients with AD.
4245. Risk of pancreatic cancer in families with Lynch syndrome.
作者: Fay Kastrinos.;Bhramar Mukherjee.;Nabihah Tayob.;Fei Wang.;Jennifer Sparr.;Victoria M Raymond.;Prathap Bandipalliam.;Elena M Stoffel.;Stephen B Gruber.;Sapna Syngal.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷16期1790-5页
Lynch syndrome is an inherited cause of colorectal cancer caused by mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. A number of extracolonic tumors have been associated with the disorder, including pancreatic cancer; however, the risk of pancreatic cancer in Lynch syndrome is uncertain and not quantified.
4246. Geographic access to burn center hospitals.
作者: Matthew B Klein.;C Bradley Kramer.;Jason Nelson.;Frederick P Rivara.;Nicole S Gibran.;Thomas Concannon.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷16期1774-81页
The delivery of burn care is a resource-intensive endeavor that requires specialized personnel and equipment. The optimal geographic distribution of burn centers has long been debated; however, the current distribution of centers relative to geographic area and population is unknown.
4247. Cardiometabolic risk of second-generation antipsychotic medications during first-time use in children and adolescents.
作者: Christoph U Correll.;Peter Manu.;Vladimir Olshanskiy.;Barbara Napolitano.;John M Kane.;Anil K Malhotra.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷16期1765-73页
Cardiometabolic effects of second-generation antipsychotic medications are concerning but have not been sufficiently studied in pediatric and adolescent patients naive to antipsychotic medication.
4250. Comparison of physician workforce estimates and supply projections.
Estimates of physician supply in the United States have been based on data that may overestimate the number of older physicians in the workforce.
4251. Omega-3 augmentation of sertraline in treatment of depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Robert M Carney.;Kenneth E Freedland.;Eugene H Rubin.;Michael W Rich.;Brian C Steinmeyer.;William S Harris.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷15期1651-7页
Studies of depressed psychiatric patients have shown that antidepressant efficacy can be increased by augmentation with omega-3 fatty acids.
4252. Incidence and mortality of hip fractures in the United States.
作者: Carmen A Brauer.;Marcelo Coca-Perraillon.;David M Cutler.;Allison B Rosen.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷14期1573-9页
Understanding the incidence and subsequent mortality following hip fracture is essential to measuring population health and the value of improvements in health care.
4253. Surgeon recommendations and receipt of mastectomy for treatment of breast cancer.
作者: Monica Morrow.;Reshma Jagsi.;Amy K Alderman.;Jennifer J Griggs.;Sarah T Hawley.;Ann S Hamilton.;John J Graff.;Steven J Katz.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷14期1551-6页
There is concern that mastectomy is overused in the United States.
4255. Association between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and outcomes among women with early stage breast cancer treated with tamoxifen.
作者: Werner Schroth.;Matthew P Goetz.;Ute Hamann.;Peter A Fasching.;Marcus Schmidt.;Stefan Winter.;Peter Fritz.;Wolfgang Simon.;Vera J Suman.;Matthew M Ames.;Stephanie L Safgren.;Mary J Kuffel.;Hans Ulrich Ulmer.;Julia Boländer.;Reiner Strick.;Matthias W Beckmann.;Heinz Koelbl.;Richard M Weinshilboum.;James N Ingle.;Michel Eichelbaum.;Matthias Schwab.;Hiltrud Brauch.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷13期1429-36页
The growth inhibitory effect of tamoxifen, which is used for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, is mediated by its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen. The formation of active metabolites is catalyzed by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme.
4257. Outcomes of localized prostate cancer following conservative management.
作者: Grace L Lu-Yao.;Peter C Albertsen.;Dirk F Moore.;Weichung Shih.;Yong Lin.;Robert S DiPaola.;Michael J Barry.;Anthony Zietman.;Michael O'Leary.;Elizabeth Walker-Corkery.;Siu-Long Yao.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷11期1202-9页
Most newly diagnosed prostate cancers are clinically localized, and major treatment options include surgery, radiation, or conservative management. Although conservative management can be a reasonable choice, there is little contemporary prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-era data on outcomes with this approach.
4258. Racial differences in survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.
作者: Paul S Chan.;Graham Nichol.;Harlan M Krumholz.;John A Spertus.;Philip G Jones.;Eric D Peterson.;Saif S Rathore.;Brahmajee K Nallamothu.; .
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷11期1195-201页
Racial differences in survival have not been previously studied after in-hospital cardiac arrest, an event for which access to care is not likely to influence treatment.
4260. Evaluating dopamine reward pathway in ADHD: clinical implications.
作者: Nora D Volkow.;Gene-Jack Wang.;Scott H Kollins.;Tim L Wigal.;Jeffrey H Newcorn.;Frank Telang.;Joanna S Fowler.;Wei Zhu.;Jean Logan.;Yeming Ma.;Kith Pradhan.;Christopher Wong.;James M Swanson.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷10期1084-91页
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity--is the most prevalent childhood psychiatric disorder that frequently persists into adulthood, and there is increasing evidence of reward-motivation deficits in this disorder.
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