Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy known for its late diagnosis and poor prognosis, making it one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Identifying the molecular alterations involved in the prognosis of PC is essential. One such factor is HER3 overexpression, which can contribute to cancer cell survival, metastasis, and reduced overall survival (OS) in patients by activating cellular signaling pathways. This meta-analysis investigates the rate of HER3 overexpression in pancreatic cancer patients and examines how this overexpression affects their survival rates.

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical performance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) compared to conventional techniques for detecting actionable mutations using tissue or liquid biopsy samples in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Development of new methods or improving the efficiency of already existing methods is essential in the successful treatment of this disease. Topotecan, a chemotherapeutic drug, has been used to inhibit various cancer types. However, chemotherapy resistance to this drug in cancer has impeded its maximum performance. miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs play crucial roles in regulating this attribute. In this systematic review, we investigated the interaction mechanism between these molecules and Topotecan in the modulation of cancer sensitivity to this agent. This study was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched, using our predefined search terms. Following a selective process based on strategic criteria, eleven studies were included in the analysis. Altered expression levels of non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, regulated the sensitivity of cancer cell lines and animal models, directly and indirectly, through affecting cascades of signaling molecules. This impact was recorded in a variety of cancer types, including retinoblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and leukemia. The highlighted interactions potentially offer new opportunities for modifying therapeutic intervention utilizing chemotherapeutic agents.

Artificial Intelligence and machine learning are increasingly used to interrogate complex biological data. This systematic review evaluates their application to multi-omics for the molecular characterization of hematological malignancies, an area with unmet clinical need. We searched PubMed, Embase, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore, and Web of Science from January 2015 to December 2024. Two reviewers screened records, extracted data, and used a modified appraisal emphasizing explainability, performance, reproducibility, and ethics. From 2847 records, 89 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies focused on acute myeloid leukemia (34), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (23), and multiple myeloma (18). Other hematological diseases were less frequently studied. Methods included Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, and deep learning (28, 25, and 24 studies). Multi-omics integration was reported in 23 studies. External validation occurred in 31 studies, and explainability in 19. The median diagnostic area under the curve was 0.87 (interquartile range 0.81 to 0.94); deep learning reached 0.91 but offered the least explainability. Artificial Intelligence and machine learning show promise for molecular characterization, yet gaps in validation, interpretability, and standardization remain. Priorities include external validation, interpretable modeling, harmonized evaluation, and standardized reporting with shared benchmarks to enable safe, reproducible clinical translation.

Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive malignancy with significant predominance with Epstein-Barr virus infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be key regulators in cancer biology that influence tumorigenesis, disease progression, and immune evasion. This systematic review examines the role of miRNAs in diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment of NKTCL. PubMed and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched using the keywords "miRNAs" and "nasal lymphoma." Duplicate removal and selection based on the inclusion criteria produced 15 studies for final inclusion. Study design, specific miRNAs under study, and their relevance to NKTCL have been extracted for this narrative synthesis. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and results were narratively synthesized. In the selected studies, miRNAs showed their utility as potential diagnostic markers. Downregulated miRNAs, including miR-15a, miR-101, and miR-342-3p, differentiated NKTCL from normal tissue, while EBV-encoded miRNAs, including miR-BART20-5p and miR-BART8, were identified as potential circulating biomarkers. Prognostically, miRNAs such as miR-223 and miR-342-3p were associated with poor survival and aggressive disease features. Therapeutically, miRNA-based interventions targeting EBV miRNAs, such as miR-BART20-5p and miR-BART9, were emphasized for their ability to modulate immune pathways and oncogenic signaling. Despite these promising reports, heterogeneity in study designs and geographic settings limits their generalization. miRNAs are emerging as key players in the treatment of NKTCL, with application in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Larger, heterogeneous cohorts and the progression of miRNA-based therapeutic research should further validate such studies. This review highlights the potential of miRNA in translation into better outcomes in NKTCL patients.

Overexpression of p16 has been documented in a variety of human tumours. Nonetheless, the association between p16 overexpression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cervical cancer remains a subject of debate. This meta-analysis sought to systematically assess the relationship between p16 expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with cervical cancer.

Patients with BRCA1/2 pathogenic gene variants (PGVs) have an increased risk for breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer, with emerging evidence suggesting an association with melanoma. We aim to evaluate the strength of the melanoma association to guide cancer risk-management recommendations.

This meta-analysis aims to assess the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting molecular subtypes of pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) in children.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the predominant histological subtype of lung cancer, accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), represented by programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors, have achieved breakthrough advancements in patients with driver gene-negative NSCLC. They have been established as a key component of first-line treatment regimens and have significantly improved clinical outcomes. However, limited clinical evidence has emerged showing the phenomenon of histological transformation from NSCLC to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in patients experiencing disease progression after ICIs monotherapy or combination therapy. Systematic research data on the clinical characteristics, molecular biological basis, and subsequent treatment strategies for such transformation events are currently lacking. This article reports a case of SCLC transformation occurring in a patient with KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinoma after 16 months of ICIs combination therapy and provides a systematic review of 22 similar published cases. The study demonstrates that small cell transformation is a critical mechanism of immunotherapy resistance, and transformed patients exhibit poor prognosis. The research emphasizes the importance of dynamic monitoring of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and standardized repeat biopsies during treatment, providing a basis for clinical practice. This aids in enhancing the recognition and management capabilities for this rare histological transformation, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The tumor suppressor gene FBXW7 is considered to play a key role in determining patient prognosis. This study aims to assess the impact of FBXW7 gene mutations on the prognosis of CRC patients.

The mortality rate of breast cancer remains relatively high in the Iranian population, with approximately 4810 deaths reported in 2020 (GLOBOCAN). This elevated fatality rate has been predominantly attributed to delays in diagnosis. In recent years, substantial research efforts have been directed toward elucidating cellular markers associated with breast cancer within this population. To this end, a systematic literature search was undertaken across both international and national databases, including PubMed, Scopus, IranMedex, and Magiran, covering the period from 2019 to 2024. The review synthesized data from studies encompassing a total of 15,318 Iranian breast cancer patients. The aggregated evidence provides comprehensive insights into cellular growth and cell cycle regulation markers implicated in breast cancer, thereby offering potential to inform the development of population-specific molecular diagnostic and prognostic strategies.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) with poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Molecular subtypes, including ASCL1, NEUROD1, YAP1 and POU2F3, have distinct clinical implications. POU2F3, linked to a tuft cell-like lineage, represents a non-neuroendocrine subtype found in SCLC and extrapulmonary NECs. However, its prognostic and clinical significance remain unclear.

To evaluate the efficacy and explore the potential mechanism of curcumin for the treatment and prevention of NSCLC. We searched six databases thoroughly for articles published before December 2024. Stata 15.0 software was applied for systematic review with meta-analysis. We utilized network pharmacology, Mendelian randomization, and molecular docking techniques to investigate the pharmacological properties and potential targets of curcumin in the treatment of NSCLC. Twenty-four studies involving 392 experimental animals were included in this study. Meta-analysis results showed that curcumin significantly reduced tumor volume of mice (p < 0.001) in the NSCLC group compared to the control group. Two hundred twenty-nine curcumin target genes were predicted. 1546 NSCLC-related genes were obtained by taking the intersection of DEGs and genes in the key module of WGCNA. Eight hub genes were identified by protein-protein interaction. The eight hub genes showed significant clinical value and were found to be negatively correlated with the majority of immune cell infiltration. Molecular docking results indicated a good binding affinity between these eight hub genes and curcumin. Mendelian randomization demonstrated a causal relationship between the AURKB level and the increased risk of NSCLC. In this study, the effectiveness of curcumin has been demonstrated in in vivo models of NSCLC by meta-analysis. AURKB has been identified as a high-risk target for NSCLC by network pharmacological analysis and MR for the first time. Our study provides a scientific basis for clinical applications of curcumin in NSCLC.

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), non-invasive alternatives to biopsy-dependent driver mutation analysis are needed. We reviewed the effectiveness of radiomics alone or with clinical data and assessed the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models in predicting oncogene mutation status.

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is subdivided into TP53-mutant (TP53mut) and HPV-associated (HPV+). In recent years, a third group unrelated to TP53 mutation or HPV-association (TP53wt/HPV-) has emerged. However, its prognosis is unclear.

PURPOSE: The clinical implications of the number of affected family members in familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) remain debated. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify whether families with ≥ 3 affected first-degree relatives (FNMTC-3) exhibit distinct clinicopathologic and prognostic features compared to families with two affected members (FNMTC-2), and to compare these patients with sporadic non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (SNMTC). METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for relevant studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata MP 18 to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs), mean differences (MDs), and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Twenty-one studies involving 3036 FNMTC and 10,497 SNMTC patients were included. Compared to SNMTC, both FNMTC-2 and FNMTC-3 exhibited younger age at diagnosis (MD: -0.81 and − 1.66 years), higher multifocality (OR: 1.48 and 1.91), bilaterality (OR: 1.53 and 1.48), lymph node metastasis (OR: 1.16 and 1.74), distant metastasis (OR: 2.43 and 3.93), and recurrence risks (OR: 1.29 and 1.49). Strikingly, FNMTC-3 demonstrated greater aggressiveness than FNMTC-2, including smaller tumor size (MD=-0.22 cm, p = 0.007) but higher multifocality (OR = 1.26, p = 0.03), bilaterality (OR = 1.40, p = 0.004), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.48, p = 0.002), distant metastasis risks (OR = 1.97, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The clinical aggressiveness of FNMTC escalates with increasing numbers of affected family members. FNMTC-3 patients require more aggressive treatment and surveillance. While the current diagnostic criterion for FNMTC (≥ 2 affected members) remains clinically valid, families with ≥ 3 affected members should be classified as a high-risk subgroup, warranting individualized management strategies.

Holliday Junction Recognition Protein (HJURP) is essential for centromere integrity and chromosomal stability through its role in CENP-A deposition. Emerging studies suggest that HJURP also contributes to various aspects of cancer biology, including tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Actin-like protein 6 A (ACTL6A), a subunit of SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex has emerged as a key player in cancer progression. Despite growing evidence of its oncogenic potential, a comprehensive evaluation of its role in tumourigenesis and clinical outcomes remains warranted. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to elucidate the role of ACTL6A in cancer pathophysiology and its prognostic significance.

To evaluate the risk of cardiovascular adverse events associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of metastatic mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer. Their neoadjuvant use in early-stage rectal cancer is an emerging strategy aimed at enhancing tumor response, preserving organ function, and minimizing the morbidity associated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery.