当前位置: 首页 >> 检索结果
401. Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence.
Several nutrients have been shown to influence immunologic and inflammatory responses in humans. Whether these effects translate into an improvement in clinical outcomes in critically ill patients remains unclear.
402. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have clubbing?
The association between digital clubbing and a host of diseases has been recognized since the time of Hippocrates. Although the features of advanced clubbing are familiar to most clinicians, the presence of early clubbing is often a source of debate.
403. Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of nonvertebral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely considered to reduce fractures, but this belief is based on observational data; evidence from randomized trials is lacking.
404. Growth, development, and behavior in early childhood following prenatal cocaine exposure: a systematic review.
Despite recent studies that failed to show catastrophic effects of prenatal cocaine exposure, popular attitudes and public policies still reflect the belief that cocaine is a uniquely dangerous teratogen.
405. Hormone replacement therapy and cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Some observational data suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia but results have been conflicting.
406. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group.
作者: D F Stroup.;J A Berlin.;S C Morton.;I Olkin.;G D Williamson.;D Rennie.;D Moher.;B J Becker.;T A Sipe.;S B Thacker.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷15期2008-12页
Because of the pressure for timely, informed decisions in public health and clinical practice and the explosion of information in the scientific literature, research results must be synthesized. Meta-analyses are increasingly used to address this problem, and they often evaluate observational studies. A workshop was held in Atlanta, Ga, in April 1997, to examine the reporting of meta-analyses of observational studies and to make recommendations to aid authors, reviewers, editors, and readers.
407. Sedation in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.
Sedation has become an integral part of critical care practice in minimizing patient discomfort; however, sedatives have adverse effects and the potential to prolong mechanical ventilation, which may increase health care costs.
408. Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review.
To conduct a systematic review and, where possible, quantitative meta-analysis of the existing evidence regarding the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the saw palmetto plant extract, Serenoa repens, in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
409. How well do physicians use electronic information retrieval systems? A framework for investigation and systematic review.
Despite the proliferation of electronic information retrieval (IR) systems for physicians, their effectiveness has not been well assessed. The purpose of this review is to provide a conceptual framework and to apply the results of previous studies to this framework.
410. Effects of computer-based clinical decision support systems on physician performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review.
Many computer software developers and vendors claim that their systems can directly improve clinical decisions. As for other health care interventions, such claims should be based on careful trials that assess their effects on clinical performance and, preferably, patient outcomes.
411. Do we know what inappropriate laboratory utilization is? A systematic review of laboratory clinical audits.
Laboratory utilization has steadily increased, and some studies suggest inappropriate utilization. Therefore, we wished to assess studies that measure inappropriate laboratory use in light of methodological criteria.
412. Recovery of the immune system with antiretroviral therapy: the end of opportunism?
Clinical care of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been substantially affected by the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy. Changes in the immune system after such therapy and the clinical consequences are important issues for clinicians treating patients with HIV.
413. Are beta-blockers efficacious as first-line therapy for hypertension in the elderly? A systematic review.
To assess antihypertensive efficacy of beta-blockers and their effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and all-cause morbidity compared with diuretics in elderly patients with hypertension.
414. Brain serotonin neurotoxicity and primary pulmonary hypertension from fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine. A systematic review of the evidence.
Obesity is an important clinical problem, and the use of dexfenfluramine hydrochloride for weight reduction has been widely publicized since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration. However, animal and human studies have demonstrated toxic effects of fenfluramines that clinicians should be aware of when considering prescribing the drugs. Our purpose was to systematically review data on brain serotonin neurotoxicity in animals treated with fenfluramines and the evidence linking fenfluramines to primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH).
415. Health outcomes associated with antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: B M Psaty.;N L Smith.;D S Siscovick.;T D Koepsell.;N S Weiss.;S R Heckbert.;R N Lemaitre.;E H Wagner.;C D Furberg.
来源: JAMA. 1997年277卷9期739-45页
To review the scientific evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents and evaluated in terms of major disease end points.
416. HIV-1 protease inhibitors. A review for clinicians.
The clinical care of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been substantially affected by the introduction of HIV-specific protease inhibitors (PIs). The 4 PIs available are saquinavir mesylate, ritonavir, indinavir sulfate, and nelfinavir mesylate. Comparison studies have not been reported; therefore, an assessment of the available data to aid clinicians and patients in choosing appropriate treatment will be presented.
417. The WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain management. Stepping up the quality of its evaluation.
To perform a systematic review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder as an intervention for cancer pain management.
418. Changing physician performance. A systematic review of the effect of continuing medical education strategies.
To review the literature relating to the effectiveness of education strategies designed to change physician performance and health care outcomes.
|