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401. Lipid Screening in Childhood and Adolescence for Detection of Multifactorial Dyslipidemia: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Paula Lozano.;Nora B Henrikson.;Caitlin C Morrison.;John Dunn.;Matt Nguyen.;Paula R Blasi.;Evelyn P Whitlock.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷6期634-44页
Multifactorial dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), is associated with dyslipidemia and markers of atherosclerosis in young adulthood. Screening for dyslipidemia in childhood could delay or reduce cardiovascular events in adulthood.
402. Association of Noninvasive Ventilation Strategies With Mortality and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Various noninvasive ventilation strategies are used to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of preterm infants; however, the best mode is uncertain.
403. Screening for Skin Cancer in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Karen J Wernli.;Nora B Henrikson.;Caitlin C Morrison.;Matthew Nguyen.;Gaia Pocobelli.;Paula R Blasi.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷4期436-47页
Skin cancer, primarily melanoma, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States.
404. Cellulitis: A Review.
Cellulitis is an infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue, presenting with expanding erythema, warmth, tenderness, and swelling. Cellulitis is a common global health burden, with more than 650,000 admissions per year in the United States alone.
405. United States Health Care Reform: Progress to Date and Next Steps.
The Affordable Care Act is the most important health care legislation enacted in the United States since the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The law implemented comprehensive reforms designed to improve the accessibility, affordability, and quality of health care.
406. Attitudes and Practices of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide in the United States, Canada, and Europe.
作者: Ezekiel J Emanuel.;Bregje D Onwuteaka-Philipsen.;John W Urwin.;Joachim Cohen.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷1期79-90页
The increasing legalization of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide worldwide makes it important to understand related attitudes and practices.
407. Persistent Diarrhea: A Clinical Review.
Diarrheal disease is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Persistent diarrhea (≥14 days) can be caused by pathogens that differ from those commonly seen in acute illness; proper etiologic diagnosis is important for appropriate therapeutic management. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management of persistent diarrhea caused by infectious agents in immunocompetent individuals worldwide.
408. Use of Plant-Based Therapies and Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Oscar H Franco.;Rajiv Chowdhury.;Jenna Troup.;Trudy Voortman.;Setor Kunutsor.;Maryam Kavousi.;Clare Oliver-Williams.;Taulant Muka.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷23期2554-63页
Between 40% and 50% of women in Western countries use complementary therapies to manage menopausal symptoms.
409. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jennifer S Lin.;Margaret A Piper.;Leslie A Perdue.;Carolyn M Rutter.;Elizabeth M Webber.;Elizabeth O'Connor.;Ning Smith.;Evelyn P Whitlock.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷23期2576-94页
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States.
410. Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Systematic Review.
作者: Frank Buttgereit.;Christian Dejaco.;Eric L Matteson.;Bhaskar Dasgupta.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷22期2442-58页
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are related inflammatory disorders occurring in persons aged 50 years and older. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are heterogeneous in clinical practice.
411. Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Rohan Khera.;Mohammad Hassan Murad.;Apoorva K Chandar.;Parambir S Dulai.;Zhen Wang.;Larry J Prokop.;Rohit Loomba.;Michael Camilleri.;Siddharth Singh.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷22期2424-34页
Five medications have been approved for the management of obesity, but data on comparative effectiveness are limited.
412. Screening for Syphilis: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Screening for syphilis infection is currently recommended for high-risk individuals, including those with previous syphilis infection, an infected sexual partner, HIV infection, or more than 4 sex partners in the preceding year.
413. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo.;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Karina W Davidson.;John W Epling.;Francisco A R García.;Matthew W Gillman.;Diane M Harper.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Ann E Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;William R Phillips.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael P Pignone.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷21期2321-7页
In 2014, 19,999 cases of syphilis were reported in the United States. Left untreated, syphilis can progress to late-stage disease in about 15% of persons who are infected. Late-stage syphilis can lead to development of inflammatory lesions throughout the body, which can lead to cardiovascular or organ dysfunction. Syphilis infection also increases the risk for acquiring or transmitting HIV infection.
414. Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent in adolescents and often persists into adulthood, most studies about treatment were performed in children. Less is known about ADHD treatment in adolescents.
415. Pancreatic Cyst Disease: A Review.
Cystic lesions of the pancreas are common and increasingly detected in the primary care setting. Some patients have a low risk for developing a malignancy and others have a high risk and need further testing and interventions.
416. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease, Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: A Review.
Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), and babesiosis are emerging tick-borne infections.
417. Does This Patient Have Infectious Mononucleosis?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
Early, accurate diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis can help clinicians target treatment, avoid antibiotics, and provide an accurate prognosis.
418. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Janelle M Guirguis-Blake.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Elizabeth M Webber.;Richard A Mularski.;Evelyn P Whitlock.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷13期1378-93页
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the United States.
419. Association Between Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States: A Review of Measles and Pertussis.
作者: Varun K Phadke.;Robert A Bednarczyk.;Daniel A Salmon.;Saad B Omer.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷11期1149-58页
Parents hesitant to vaccinate their children may delay routine immunizations or seek exemptions from state vaccine mandates. Recent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States have drawn attention to this phenomenon. Improved understanding of the association between vaccine refusal and the epidemiology of these diseases is needed.
420. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016.
Primary care clinicians find managing chronic pain challenging. Evidence of long-term efficacy of opioids for chronic pain is limited. Opioid use is associated with serious risks, including opioid use disorder and overdose.
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