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401. Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes.
作者: .;Ellis Voerman.;Susana Santos.;Hazel Inskip.;Pilar Amiano.;Henrique Barros.;Marie-Aline Charles.;Leda Chatzi.;George P Chrousos.;Eva Corpeleijn.;Sarah Crozier.;Myriam Doyon.;Merete Eggesbø.;Maria Pia Fantini.;Sara Farchi.;Francesco Forastiere.;Vagelis Georgiu.;Davide Gori.;Wojciech Hanke.;Irva Hertz-Picciotto.;Barbara Heude.;Marie-France Hivert.;Daniel Hryhorczuk.;Carmen Iñiguez.;Anne M Karvonen.;Leanne K Küpers.;Hanna Lagström.;Debbie A Lawlor.;Irina Lehmann.;Per Magnus.;Renata Majewska.;Johanna Mäkelä.;Yannis Manios.;Monique Mommers.;Camilla S Morgen.;George Moschonis.;Ellen A Nohr.;Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen.;Emily Oken.;Agnieszka Pac.;Eleni Papadopoulou.;Juha Pekkanen.;Costanza Pizzi.;Kinga Polanska.;Daniela Porta.;Lorenzo Richiardi.;Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman.;Nel Roeleveld.;Luca Ronfani.;Ana C Santos.;Marie Standl.;Hein Stigum.;Camilla Stoltenberg.;Elisabeth Thiering.;Carel Thijs.;Maties Torrent.;Tomas Trnovec.;Marleen M H J van Gelder.;Lenie van Rossem.;Andrea von Berg.;Martine Vrijheid.;Alet Wijga.;Oleksandr Zvinchuk.;Thorkild I A Sørensen.;Keith Godfrey.;Vincent W V Jaddoe.;Romy Gaillard.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷17期1702-1715页
Both low and high gestational weight gain have been associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, but optimal gestational weight gain remains uncertain and not well defined for all prepregnancy weight ranges.
402. Reporting of Multi-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Trials: Extension of the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
作者: Edmund Juszczak.;Douglas G Altman.;Sally Hopewell.;Kenneth Schulz.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷16期1610-1620页
The quality of reporting of randomized clinical trials is suboptimal. In an era in which the need for greater research transparency is paramount, inadequate reporting hinders assessment of the reliability and validity of trial findings. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 Statement was developed to improve the reporting of randomized clinical trials, but the primary focus was on parallel-group trials with 2 groups. Multi-arm trials that use a parallel-group design (comparing treatments by concurrently randomizing participants to one of the treatment groups, usually with equal probability) but have 3 or more groups are relatively common. The quality of reporting of multi-arm trials varies substantially, making judgments and interpretation difficult. While the majority of the elements of the CONSORT 2010 Statement apply equally to multi-arm trials, some elements need adaptation, and, in some cases, additional issues need to be clarified.
403. Metformin in 2019.
Metformin is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for type 2 diabetes and the most commonly prescribed drug for this condition worldwide, either alone or in combination with insulin or other glucose-lowering therapies. Metformin is a biguanide, a drug class of herbal origin that has been widely used to treat diabetes since the 1950s., Two other biguanides were withdrawn from clinical use because they caused lactic acidosis. Metformin was also taken off the US market due to concerns over lactic acidosis, but it subsequently has been proven safe and effective in lowering glucose levels and was reintroduced in 1995. Optimal metformin use requires clear understanding of its effects, dosing, safety, and alternatives.
404. Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children and Pregnant Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷15期1502-1509页
Elevated blood lead levels in children are associated with neurologic effects such as behavioral and learning problems, lower IQ, hyperactivity, hearing problems, and impaired growth. In pregnant women, lead exposure can impair organ systems such as the hematopoietic, hepatic, renal, and nervous systems, and increase the risk of preeclampsia and adverse perinatal outcomes. Many of the adverse health effects of lead exposure are irreversible.
405. Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Childhood and Pregnancy: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Amy G Cantor.;Rob Hendrickson.;Ian Blazina.;Jessica Griffin.;Sara Grusing.;Marian S McDonagh.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷15期1510-1526页
Elevated blood lead level is associated with serious, often irreversible, health consequences.
407. Cerebral Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: A Review.
Although spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) accounts for less than 20% of cases of stroke, it continues to be associated with the highest mortality of all forms of stroke and substantial morbidity rates.
409. In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review.
作者: Lars W Andersen.;Mathias J Holmberg.;Katherine M Berg.;Michael W Donnino.;Asger Granfeldt.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷12期1200-1210页
In-hospital cardiac arrest is common and associated with a high mortality rate. Despite this, in-hospital cardiac arrest has received little attention compared with other high-risk cardiovascular conditions, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
410. Levels of Evidence Supporting American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology Guidelines, 2008-2018.
作者: Alexander C Fanaroff.;Robert M Califf.;Stephan Windecker.;Sidney C Smith.;Renato D Lopes.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷11期1069-1080页
Clinical decisions are ideally based on evidence generated from multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating clinical outcomes, but historically, few clinical guideline recommendations have been based entirely on this type of evidence.
412. Patient Blood Management: Recommendations From the 2018 Frankfurt Consensus Conference.
作者: Markus M Mueller.;Hans Van Remoortel.;Patrick Meybohm.;Kari Aranko.;Cécile Aubron.;Reinhard Burger.;Jeffrey L Carson.;Klaus Cichutek.;Emmy De Buck.;Dana Devine.;Dean Fergusson.;Gilles Folléa.;Craig French.;Kathrine P Frey.;Richard Gammon.;Jerrold H Levy.;Michael F Murphy.;Yves Ozier.;Katerina Pavenski.;Cynthia So-Osman.;Pierre Tiberghien.;Jimmy Volmink.;Jonathan H Waters.;Erica M Wood.;Erhard Seifried.; .
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷10期983-997页
Blood transfusion is one of the most frequently used therapies worldwide and is associated with benefits, risks, and costs.
413. Diagnosis and Outpatient Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review.
There are 30 million adults (12%) in the United States who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accounts for 3.2% of all physician office visits annually and is the fourth leading cause of death (126 000 deaths per year). Most patients are diagnosed by their primary care clinicians who must address the highly variable clinical features and responses to therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of COPD is rapidly changing, so understanding recent advances is important for the delivery of optimal patient care.
414. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;David C Grossman.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷6期580-587页
Perinatal depression, which is the occurrence of a depressive disorder during pregnancy or following childbirth, affects as many as 1 in 7 women and is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and the postpartum period. It is well established that perinatal depression can result in adverse short- and long-term effects on both the woman and child.
415. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth O'Connor.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Michelle L Henninger.;Erin Coppola.;Bradley N Gaynes.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷6期588-601页
Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period is relatively common and can have adverse effects on both mother and child.
416. Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Michael E Detsky.;Naheed Jivraj.;Neill K Adhikari.;Jan O Friedrich.;Ruxandra Pinto.;David L Simel.;Duminda N Wijeysundera.;Damon C Scales.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷5期493-503页
Recognizing patients in whom endotracheal intubation is likely to be difficult can help alert physicians to the need for assistance from a clinician with airway training and having advanced airway management equipment available.
417. Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷4期394-398页
In the United States, the rate of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum was an estimated 0.4 cases per 100 000 live births per year from 2013 to 2017. Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum can cause corneal scarring, ocular perforation, and blindness as early as 24 hours after birth. In the absence of ocular prophylaxis, transmission rates of gonococcal infection from mother to newborn are 30% to 50%.
418. Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This systematic review to support the 2019 US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement on ocular prophylaxis for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of ocular topical medication to prevent gonococcal conjunctival infection in newborns.
419. Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review.
Breast cancer will be diagnosed in 12% of women in the United States over the course of their lifetimes and more than 250 000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States in 2017. This review focuses on current approaches and evolving strategies for local and systemic therapy of breast cancer.
420. Association of Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention With Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
The role for aspirin in cardiovascular primary prevention remains controversial, with potential benefits limited by an increased bleeding risk.
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