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4121. Developmental and neurologic status of children after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass.
作者: D C Bellinger.;R A Jonas.;L A Rappaport.;D Wypij.;G Wernovsky.;K C Kuban.;P D Barnes.;G L Holmes.;P R Hickey.;R D Strand.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷9期549-55页
Deep hypothermia with either total circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass is used to support vital organs during heart surgery in infants. We compared the developmental and neurologic sequelae of these two strategies one year after surgery.
4122. Increases in CD4 T lymphocytes with intermittent courses of interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A preliminary study.
作者: J A Kovacs.;M Baseler.;R J Dewar.;S Vogel.;R T Davey.;J Falloon.;M A Polis.;R E Walker.;R Stevens.;N P Salzman.;H Clifford Lane.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷9期567-75页
Interleukin-2 is an important regulatory cytokine of the immune system, with potent effects on T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. In vitro, interleukin-2 can induce the proliferation and differentiation of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
4123. The effect of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant therapy on endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion.
作者: T J Anderson.;I T Meredith.;A C Yeung.;B Frei.;A P Selwyn.;P Ganz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷8期488-93页
Patients with coronary artery disease and abnormalities of serum lipids often have endothelial vasodilator dysfunction, which may contribute to ischemic cardiac events. Whether cholesterol-lowering or antioxidant therapy can restore endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation is unknown.
4124. Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease.
作者: C B Treasure.;J L Klein.;W S Weintraub.;J D Talley.;M E Stillabower.;A S Kosinski.;J Zhang.;S J Boccuzzi.;J C Cedarholm.;R W Alexander.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷8期481-7页
Impaired endothelium-mediated relaxation contributes to vasospasm and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that cholesterol-lowering therapy with the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor lovastatin could improve endothelium-mediated responses in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
4125. The treatment of acute low back pain--bed rest, exercises, or ordinary activity?
作者: A Malmivaara.;U Häkkinen.;T Aro.;M L Heinrichs.;L Koskenniemi.;E Kuosma.;S Lappi.;R Paloheimo.;C Servo.;V Vaaranen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷6期351-5页
Bed rest and back-extension exercises are often prescribed for patients with acute low back pain, but the effectiveness of these two competing treatments remains controversial.
4126. A comparison of four methods of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group.
作者: A Esteban.;F Frutos.;M J Tobin.;I Alía.;J F Solsona.;I Valverdú.;R Fernández.;M A de la Cal.;S Benito.;R Tomás.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷6期345-50页
Weaning patients from mechanical ventilation is an important problem in intensive care units. Weaning is usually conducted in an empirical manner, and a standardized approach has not been developed.
4127. Methotrexate for the treatment of Crohn's disease. The North American Crohn's Study Group Investigators.
作者: B G Feagan.;J Rochon.;R N Fedorak.;E J Irvine.;G Wild.;L Sutherland.;A H Steinhart.;G R Greenberg.;R Gillies.;M Hopkins.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷5期292-7页
Although corticosteroids are highly effective in improving symptoms of Crohn's disease, they may have substantial toxicity. In some patients, attempts to discontinue corticosteroids are unsuccessful.
4128. Autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation compared with intensive chemotherapy in acute myelogenous leukemia. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) Leukemia Cooperative Groups.
作者: R A Zittoun.;F Mandelli.;R Willemze.;T de Witte.;B Labar.;L Resegotti.;F Leoni.;E Damasio.;G Visani.;G Papa.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷4期217-23页
Allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation and intensive consolidation chemotherapy are used to treat acute myelogenous leukemia in a first complete remission.
4129. Antibacterial treatment of gastric ulcers associated with Helicobacter pylori.
作者: J J Sung.;S C Chung.;T K Ling.;M Y Yung.;V K Leung.;E K Ng.;M K Li.;A F Cheng.;A K Li.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷3期139-42页
There is a strong association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and gastric ulcers that are unrelated to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications. We studied the efficacy of antibacterial therapy without medication to suppress gastric acid for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and gastric ulcers unrelated to the use of nonsteroidal agents.
4130. The effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor zofenopril on mortality and morbidity after anterior myocardial infarction. The Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-Term Evaluation (SMILE) Study Investigators.
Left ventricular dilatation and neuroendocrine activation are common after acute anterior myocardial infarction. Long-term treatment with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor may improve outcome by attenuating these processes. We investigated whether the ACE inhibitor zofenopril, administered for six weeks after anterior myocardial infarction, could improve both short-term and long-term outcome.
4131. A comparison of transurethral surgery with watchful waiting for moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Transurethral Resection of the Prostate.
作者: J H Wasson.;D J Reda.;R C Bruskewitz.;J Elinson.;A M Keller.;W G Henderson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷2期75-9页
Transurethral resection of the prostate is the most common surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. We conducted a multicenter randomized trial to compare this surgery with watchful waiting in men with moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
4132. Suppression of melatonin secretion in some blind patients by exposure to bright light.
作者: C A Czeisler.;T L Shanahan.;E B Klerman.;H Martens.;D J Brotman.;J S Emens.;T Klein.;J F Rizzo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年332卷1期6-11页
Complete blindness generally results in the loss of synchronization of circadian rhythms to the 24-hour day and in recurrent insomnia. However, some blind patients maintain circadian entrainment. We undertook this study to determine whether some blind patients' eyes convey sufficient photic information to entrain the hypothalamic circadian pacemaker and suppress melatonin secretion, despite an apparently complete loss of visual function.
4133. Dexamethasone, granisetron, or both for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy for cancer.
Serotonin-receptor antagonists seem to be as effective as corticosteroids in preventing emesis induced by moderately emetogenic antineoplastic agents. We compared the antiemetic effect of a combination of granisetron and dexamethasone with that of granisetron or dexamethasone administered alone.
4134. Complications and failures of subclavian-vein catheterization.
作者: P F Mansfield.;D C Hohn.;B D Fornage.;M A Gregurich.;D M Ota.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷26期1735-8页
Although catheterization of the subclavian vein is a common procedure, the risk factors for complications and failures, with the exception of the physician's experience, are poorly understood. Ultrasonography has been recommended to help guide the placement of central venous catheters.
4135. Hydrocolonic ultrasonography in the detection of colonic polyps and tumors.
作者: D W Chui.;G A Gooding.;K R McQuaid.;V Griswold.;J H Grendell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷25期1685-8页
Hydrocolonic ultrasonography--abdominal ultrasonography in conjunction with the retrograde instillation of water into the colon--has been advocated as an alternative to colonoscopy for detecting colorectal polyps and cancer. We conducted a prospective, blinded trial to evaluate the procedure further.
4136. A pilot study of isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia.
作者: R P Castleberry.;P D Emanuel.;K S Zuckerman.;S Cohn.;L Strauss.;R L Byrd.;A Homans.;S Chaffee.;R Nitschke.;R J Gualtieri.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷25期1680-4页
Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a rare myeloproliferative disease of infants and young children for which there is no effective therapy other than allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In vitro, isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) attenuates both the spontaneous proliferation of leukemic peripheral-blood progenitor cells (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units) and their selective hypersensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of isotretinoin in juvenile CML.
4137. Parathyroid hormone for the prevention of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency.
作者: J S Finkelstein.;A Klibanski.;E H Schaefer.;M D Hornstein.;I Schiff.;R M Neer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷24期1618-23页
Analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are often given to induce hypogonadism in women who have estrogen-dependent disorders such as endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas. Because estrogen deficiency causes bone loss, concern about premature osteoporosis has prevented long-term therapy with GnRH analogues. We conducted a study to determine whether parathyroid hormone could prevent bone loss in women receiving therapy with GnRH analogues.
4138. Perioperative nutritional support in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Since intensive nutritional support can reduce the catabolic response and improve protein synthesis and liver regeneration, we performed a prospective study to investigate whether perioperative nutritional support could improve outcome in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
4139. The response of symptomatic neurosyphilis to high-dose intravenous penicillin G in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
作者: S M Gordon.;M E Eaton.;R George.;S Larsen.;S A Lukehart.;J Kuypers.;C M Marra.;S Thompson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷22期1469-73页
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may affect both the natural course of syphilis and the response to treatment. We examined the response to treatment with high-dose penicillin G in HIV-infected patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis.
4140. Effects of saline, mannitol, and furosemide on acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents.
Injections of radiocontrast agents are a frequent cause of acute decreases in renal function, occurring most often in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus.
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