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4061. The effectiveness of vaccination against influenza in healthy, working adults.
作者: K L Nichol.;A Lind.;K L Margolis.;M Murdoch.;R McFadden.;M Hauge.;S Magnan.;M Drake.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷14期889-93页
Although influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in all age groups, current recommendations emphasize annual immunization for people at high risk for complications of influenza. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vaccination against influenza in healthy, working adults.
4062. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.
作者: S Sazawal.;R E Black.;M K Bhan.;N Bhandari.;A Sinha.;S Jalla.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷13期839-44页
In developing countries the duration and severity of diarrheal illnesses are greatest among infants and young children with malnutrition and impaired immune status, both factors that may be associated with zinc deficiency. In children with severe zinc deficiency, diarrhea is common and responds quickly to zinc supplementation.
4063. Myoblast transfer in the treatment of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
作者: J R Mendell.;J T Kissel.;A A Amato.;W King.;L Signore.;T W Prior.;Z Sahenk.;S Benson.;P E McAndrew.;R Rice.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷13期832-8页
Myoblast transfer has been proposed as a technique to replace dystrophin, the skeletal-muscle protein that is deficient in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Donor myoblasts injected into muscles of affected patients can fuse with host muscle fibers, thus contributing their nuclei, which are potentially capable of replacing deficient gene products. Previous controlled trials involving a single transfer of myoblasts have been unsuccessful.
4064. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
作者: L Brochard.;J Mancebo.;M Wysocki.;F Lofaso.;G Conti.;A Rauss.;G Simonneau.;S Benito.;A Gasparetto.;F Lemaire.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷13期817-22页
In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, noninvasive ventilation may be used in an attempt to avoid endotracheal intubation and complications associated with mechanical ventilation.
4065. A controlled study of adenoviral-vector-mediated gene transfer in the nasal epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis.
作者: M R Knowles.;K W Hohneker.;Z Zhou.;J C Olsen.;T L Noah.;P C Hu.;M W Leigh.;J F Engelhardt.;L J Edwards.;K R Jones.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷13期823-31页
Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic disease that deranges multiple systems of ion transport in the airways, culminating in chronic infection and destruction of the lung. The introduction of a normal copy of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene into the airway epithelium through gene transfer is an attractive approach to correcting the underlying defects in patients with cystic fibrosis. We tested the feasibility of gene therapy using adenoviral vectors in the nasal epithelium of such patients.
4066. Treatment with bivalirudin (Hirulog) as compared with heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina. Hirulog Angioplasty Study Investigators.
作者: J A Bittl.;J Strony.;J A Brinker.;W H Ahmed.;C R Meckel.;B R Chaitman.;J Maraganore.;E Deutsch.;B Adelman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷12期764-9页
Heparin is often administered during and after coronary angioplasty to prevent closure of the dilated vessel. However, ischemic or hemorrhagic complications occur in 5 to 10 percent of treated patients. We studied whether these complications could be prevented when the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin (Hirulog) was used in place of heparin.
4067. A comparison of hirudin with heparin in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Helvetica Investigators.
作者: P W Serruys.;J P Herrman.;R Simon.;W Rutsch.;C Bode.;G J Laarman.;R van Dijk.;A A van den Bos.;V A Umans.;K A Fox.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷12期757-63页
The likelihood of restenosis is a major limitation of coronary angioplasty. We studied whether hirudin, a highly selective inhibitor of thrombin with irreversible effects, would prevent restenosis after angioplasty. We compared two regimens of recombinant hirudin with heparin.
4068. A clinical trial of active management of labor.
作者: F D Frigoletto.;E Lieberman.;J M Lang.;A Cohen.;V Barss.;S Ringer.;S Datta.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷12期745-50页
Active management of labor is a multifaceted program that, as implemented at the National Maternity Hospital in Dublin, is associated with a lower rate of cesarean delivery than the rate usually found in the United States. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of this approach in lowering the rate of cesarean section among women delivering their first babies.
4069. Incentive spirometry to prevent acute pulmonary complications in sickle cell diseases.
作者: P S Bellet.;K A Kalinyak.;R Shukla.;M J Gelfand.;D L Rucknagel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷11期699-703页
This study was designed to determine the incidence of thoracic bone infarction in patients with sickle cell diseases who were hospitalized with acute chest or back pain above the diaphragm and to test the hypothesis that incentive spirometry can decrease the incidence of atelectasis and pulmonary infiltrates.
4070. Ketoconazole to reduce the need for cyclosporine after cardiac transplantation.
作者: A Keogh.;P Spratt.;C McCosker.;P Macdonald.;J Mundy.;A Kaan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷10期628-33页
Because ketoconazole can markedly reduce the need for cyclosporine and because it also has antimicrobial properties, it may offer benefits in the treatment of patients after cardiac transplantation.
4071. Effect of pravastatin on outcomes after cardiac transplantation.
作者: J A Kobashigawa.;S Katznelson.;H Laks.;J A Johnson.;L Yeatman.;X M Wang.;D Chia.;P I Terasaki.;A Sabad.;G A Cogert.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷10期621-7页
Hypercholesterolemia is common after cardiac transplantation and may contribute to the development of coronary vasculopathy. Pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, has been shown to be effective and safe in lowering cholesterol levels after cardiac transplantation. Cell-culture studies using inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase have suggested an immunosuppressive effect.
4072. Oral ganciclovir as maintenance treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Syntex Cooperative Oral Ganciclovir Study Group.
作者: W L Drew.;D Ives.;J P Lalezari.;C Crumpacker.;S E Follansbee.;S A Spector.;C A Benson.;D N Friedberg.;L Hubbard.;M J Stempien.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷10期615-20页
Cytomegalovirus retinitis, a sight-threatening infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), currently requires lifelong intravenous treatment. An effective oral treatment would be an important advance.
4073. Sclerotherapy with or without octreotide for acute variceal bleeding.
作者: I Besson.;P Ingrand.;B Person.;D Boutroux.;D Heresbach.;P Bernard.;P Hochain.;J Larricq.;A Gourlaouen.;D Ribard.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷9期555-60页
Sclerotherapy is considered the most effective way to stop bleeding from esophageal varices, but acute variceal bleeding is still associated with a high risk of rebleeding and death. We compared sclerotherapy alone with sclerotherapy and octreotide to control acute variceal bleeding and prevent early rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis.
4074. Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Sulfonylurea drugs have been the only oral therapy available for patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the United States. Recently, however, metformin has been approved for the treatment of NIDDM.
4075. A controlled trial of zidovudine in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection.
作者: S Kinloch-De Loës.;B J Hirschel.;B Hoen.;D A Cooper.;B Tindall.;A Carr.;J H Saurat.;N Clumeck.;A Lazzarin.;L Mathiesen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷7期408-13页
It is possible that antiretroviral treatment given early during primary infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may reduce acute symptoms, help preserve immune function, and improve the long-term prognosis.
4076. A comparison of immediate with deferred zidovudine therapy for asymptomatic HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts of 500 or more per cubic millimeter. AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: P A Volberding.;S W Lagakos.;J M Grimes.;D S Stein.;J Rooney.;T C Meng.;M A Fischl.;A C Collier.;J P Phair.;M S Hirsch.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷7期401-7页
The clinical benefits of zidovudine remain unproved in patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection when CD4 cell counts exceed 500 per cubic millimeter. We compared zidovudine therapy given immediately with deferred therapy in such subjects.
4078. A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators.
作者: J W Mason.;J B O'Connell.;A Herskowitz.;N R Rose.;B M McManus.;M E Billingham.;T E Moon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷5期269-75页
Myocarditis is a serious disorder, and treatment options are limited. This trial was designed to determine whether immunosuppressive therapy improves left ventricular function in patients with myocarditis and to examine measures of the immune response as predictors of the severity and outcome of disease.
4079. Reconstitution of hematopoiesis after high-dose chemotherapy by autologous progenitor cells generated ex vivo.
Autologous peripheral-blood progenitor cells can restore hematopoiesis after high-dose chemotherapy in patients with solid tumors or hematologic cancers. We investigated the ability of peripheral-blood progenitor cells generated ex vivo to restore hematopoiesis in patients with cancer who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy.
4080. A comparison of conservative and aggressive transfusion regimens in the perioperative management of sickle cell disease. The Preoperative Transfusion in Sickle Cell Disease Study Group.
作者: E P Vichinsky.;C M Haberkern.;L Neumayr.;A N Earles.;D Black.;M Koshy.;C Pegelow.;M Abboud.;K Ohene-Frempong.;R V Iyer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷4期206-13页
Preoperative transfusions are frequently given to prevent perioperative morbidity in patients with sickle cell anemia. There is no consensus, however, on the best regimen of transfusions for this purpose.
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