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4001. Autologous bone marrow transplantation versus intensive consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia in childhood. Pediatric Oncology Group.
作者: Y Ravindranath.;A M Yeager.;M N Chang.;C P Steuber.;J Krischer.;J Graham-Pole.;A Carroll.;S Inoue.;B Camitta.;H J Weinstein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷22期1428-34页
The value of autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unknown. We compared autologous bone marrow transplantation with intensive consolidation chemotherapy as treatments for children with AML in first remission.
4002. Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B.
作者: C Niederau.;T Heintges.;S Lange.;G Goldmann.;C M Niederau.;L Mohr.;D Häussinger.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷22期1422-7页
In patients with chronic hepatitis B, treatment with interferon alfa and the consequent loss of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) from the blood leads to a reduction in inflammatory activity, but the clinical benefits of this treatment have not been established. We evaluated whether HBeAg seroconversion induced by interferon alfa improves clinical outcome.
4003. Aerosolized surfactant in adults with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Exosurf Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Sepsis Study Group.
作者: A Anzueto.;R P Baughman.;K K Guntupalli.;J G Weg.;H P Wiedemann.;A A Raventós.;F Lemaire.;W Long.;D S Zaccardelli.;E N Pattishall.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷22期1417-21页
Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a deficiency of surfactant. Surfactant replacement improves physiologic function in such patients, and preliminary data suggest that it may improve survival.
4004. Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection.
作者: D Scholes.;A Stergachis.;F E Heidrich.;H Andrilla.;K K Holmes.;W E Stamm.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷21期1362-6页
Chlamydia trachomatis is a frequent cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. However, there is little information from clinical studies about whether screening women for cervical chlamydial infection can reduce the incidence of this serious illness.
4005. The sequencing of chemotherapy and radiation therapy after conservative surgery for early-stage breast cancer.
作者: A Recht.;S E Come.;I C Henderson.;R S Gelman.;B Silver.;D F Hayes.;L N Shulman.;J R Harris.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷21期1356-61页
Patients with early-stage breast cancer who are at substantial risk for systemic metastases are increasingly treated with breast-conserving therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the optimal sequencing of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is not clear.
4006. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group.
作者: M Packer.;M R Bristow.;J N Cohn.;W S Colucci.;M B Fowler.;E M Gilbert.;N H Shusterman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷21期1349-55页
Controlled clinical trials have shown that beta-blockers can produce hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement in chronic heart failure, but the effect of these drugs on survival has not been determined.
4007. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications.
作者: J R O'Dell.;C E Haire.;N Erikson.;W Drymalski.;W Palmer.;P J Eckhoff.;V Garwood.;P Maloley.;L W Klassen.;S Wees.;H Klein.;G F Moore.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷20期1287-91页
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common disease that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. The responses of patients with rheumatoid arthritis to treatment with a single so-called disease-modifying drug, such as methotrexate, are often suboptimal. Despite limited data, many patients are treated with combinations of these drugs.
4008. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group.
Mild perioperative hypothermia, which is common during major surgery, may promote surgical-wound infection by triggering thermoregulatory vasoconstriction, which decreases subcutaneous oxygen tension. Reduced levels of oxygen in tissue impair oxidative killing by neutrophils and decrease the strength of the healing wound by reducing the deposition of collagen. Hypothermia also directly impairs immune function. We tested the hypothesis that hypothermia both increases susceptibility to surgical-wound infection and lengthens hospitalization.
4009. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.
作者: G S Omenn.;G E Goodman.;M D Thornquist.;J Balmes.;M R Cullen.;A Glass.;J P Keogh.;F L Meyskens.;B Valanis.;J H Williams.;S Barnhart.;S Hammar.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷18期1150-5页
Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease are major causes of death in the United States. It has been proposed that carotenoids and retinoids are agents that may prevent these disorders.
4010. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease.
作者: C H Hennekens.;J E Buring.;J E Manson.;M Stampfer.;B Rosner.;N R Cook.;C Belanger.;F LaMotte.;J M Gaziano.;P M Ridker.;W Willett.;R Peto.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷18期1145-9页
Observational studies suggest that people who consume more fruits and vegetables containing beta carotene have somewhat lower risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and earlier basic research suggested plausible mechanisms. Because large randomized trials of long duration were necessary to test this hypothesis directly, we conducted a trial of beta carotene supplementation.
4011. Improvement in pulmonary function and elastic recoil after lung-reduction surgery for diffuse emphysema.
作者: F C Sciurba.;R M Rogers.;R J Keenan.;W A Slivka.;J Gorcsan.;P F Ferson.;J M Holbert.;M L Brown.;R J Landreneau.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷17期1095-9页
Pulmonary function may improve after surgical resection of the most severely affected lung tissue (lung-reduction surgery) in patients with diffuse emphysema. The basic mechanisms responsible for the improvement, however, are not known.
4012. A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents.
作者: A Schömig.;F J Neumann.;A Kastrati.;H Schühlen.;R Blasini.;M Hadamitzky.;H Walter.;E M Zitzmann-Roth.;G Richardt.;E Alt.;C Schmitt.;K Ulm.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷17期1084-9页
The clinical benefit of coronary-artery stenting performed in conjunction with coronary angioplasty is limited by the risk of thrombotic occlusion of the stent as well as hemorrhagic and vascular complications of intensive anticoagulation. We compared antiplatelet therapy with conventional anticoagulant therapy with respect to clinical outcomes 30 days after coronary-artery stenting.
4013. Atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with reflux esophagitis treated with omeprazole or fundoplication.
作者: E J Kuipers.;L Lundell.;E C Klinkenberg-Knol.;N Havu.;H P Festen.;B Liedman.;C B Lamers.;J B Jansen.;J Dalenback.;P Snel.;G F Nelis.;S G Meuwissen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷16期1018-22页
Helicobacter pylori infection plays an important part in the development of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, conditions that predispose patients gastric cancer. Profound suppression of gastric acid is associated with increased severity of gastritis caused by H. pylori, but it is not known whether acid suppression increases the risk of atrophic gastritis.
4014. Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection with saquinavir, zidovudine, and zalcitabine. AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: A C Collier.;R W Coombs.;D A Schoenfeld.;R L Bassett.;J Timpone.;A Baruch.;M Jones.;K Facey.;C Whitacre.;V J McAuliffe.;H M Friedman.;T C Merigan.;R C Reichman.;C Hooper.;L Corey.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷16期1011-7页
In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, combined treatment with several agents may increase the effectiveness of antiviral therapy. We studied the safety and efficacy of saquinavir, an HIV-protease inhibitor, given with one or two nucleoside antiretroviral agents, as compared with the safety and efficacy of a combination of two nucleosides alone.
4015. Induction of labor compared with expectant management for prelabor rupture of the membranes at term. TERMPROM Study Group.
作者: M E Hannah.;A Ohlsson.;D Farine.;S A Hewson.;E D Hodnett.;T L Myhr.;E E Wang.;J A Weston.;A R Willan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷16期1005-10页
As the interval between rupture of the fetal membranes at term and delivery increases, so may the risk of fetal and maternal infection. It is not known whether inducing labor will reduce this risk or whether one method of induction is better then another.
4016. Effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency. The Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency Study Group.
作者: G Maschio.;D Alberti.;G Janin.;F Locatelli.;J F Mann.;M Motolese.;C Ponticelli.;E Ritz.;P Zucchelli.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷15期939-45页
Drugs that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme slow the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Whether these drugs have a similar action in patients with other renal diseases is not known. We conducted a study to determine the effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with various underlying renal diseases.
4017. Efficacy and safety of intracavernosal alprostadil in men with erectile dysfunction. The Alprostadil Study Group.
Erectile dysfunction is a common medical problem affecting many men. Although several intracavernosal therapies are available, their efficacy and safety have not been studied systematically.
4018. A preliminary study of growth hormone in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.
作者: S Fazio.;D Sabatini.;B Capaldo.;C Vigorito.;A Giordano.;R Guida.;F Pardo.;B Biondi.;L Saccà.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷13期809-14页
Cardiac hypertrophy is a physiologic response that allows the heart to adapt to an excess hemodynamic load. We hypothesized that inducing cardiac hypertrophy with recombinant human growth hormone might be an effective approach to the treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition in which compensatory cardiac hypertrophy is believed to be deficient.
4019. Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. The Tasman Study Group.
作者: M M Koopman.;P Prandoni.;F Piovella.;P A Ockelford.;D P Brandjes.;J van der Meer.;A S Gallus.;G Simonneau.;C H Chesterman.;M H Prins.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷11期682-7页
An intravenous course of standard (unfractionated) heparin with the dose adjusted to prolong the activated partial-thromboplastin time to a desired length is the standard initial in-hospital treatment for patients with deep-vein thrombosis, but fixed-dose subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin appears to be as effective and safe. Because the latter treatment can be given on an outpatient basis, we compared the two treatments in symptomatic outpatients with proximal-vein thrombosis but no signs of pulmonary embolism.
4020. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin administered primarily at home with unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital for proximal deep-vein thrombosis.
作者: M Levine.;M Gent.;J Hirsh.;J Leclerc.;D Anderson.;J Weitz.;J Ginsberg.;A G Turpie.;C Demers.;M Kovacs.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷11期677-81页
Patients with acute proximal deep-vein thrombosis are usually treated first in the hospital with intravenous standard (unfractionated) heparin. However, the longer plasma half-life, better bioavailability after subcutaneous administration, and more predictable anticoagulant response of low-molecular-weight heparins make them attractive for possible home use. We compared these two approaches.
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