Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) have a higher risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although pancreatitis has been found to promote PDAC initiation and progression, its role in PDAC tumorigenesis remains poorly understood.

Abemaciclib-induced diarrhea is a common side effect of HR+/ HER2 − breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to explore changes in gut microbiota composition and plasma metabolites in rats with abemaciclib-induced diarrhea. Female rats were randomly divided into abemaciclib (orally administered abemaciclib, n = 12) and control (orally administered 0.9% saline, n = 6) groups. When the rats reached grade 3 diarrhea, the jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues were collected for histological analysis to assess intestinal mucosal damage. Rat feces were obtained for metagenomic analysis to analyze changes in the gut microbial composition. Rat plasma was used for untargeted metabolomic analysis to analyze plasma metabolic alterations. Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to examine the association between differential gut microbiota and differential plasma metabolites, and a microbiota-metabolite-pathway network was constructed. Rats in the abemaciclib group developed noticeable diarrhea and exhibited histopathological changes in the ileal epithelium and jejunum. In the abemaciclib group, α-diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, and Invsimpsom) were significantly lower than in the control group, with reductions of 0.5, 0.01, and 52.77, respectively. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in all groups. Compared with the control group, the abundance of Firmicutes remarkably decreased in the abemaciclib group, whereas that of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia dramatically increased. Differentially abundant species in the abemaciclib group included Escherichia coli, Butyricimonas virosa, Desulfovibrionaceae bacterium, and Helicobacter ganmani. Functional analysis showed that pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism were significantly altered. Additionally, 319 metabolites were differentially expressed between the two groups, including trimethylamine N-oxide, sarsasapogenin, tyrosol, brinzolamide, and cis-3-hexenyl acetate. Multiple pathways, including mTOR signaling pathway, were significantly enriched by differential metabolites. Furthermore, close associations between differential microbiota and metabolites were observed, and numerousmicrobiota-metabolite-pathway axes were identified, such as Pseudodesulfovibrio mercurii/Desulfovibrionaceae bacterium-cis-3-hexenyl acetate-alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. Our findings revealed that abemaciclib alters the gut microbiota composition, plasma metabolite profiles, and their related metabolic pathways in SD rats, and these changes are closely associated with the occurrence of diarrhea. However, this association does not establish a causal relationship, and further in-depth mechanistic studies are required for validation.

There is an increasing need for predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In this exploratory analysis, we aimed to analyze the gene expression profile of intestinal tissues according to treatment outcome in patients with UC treated with vedolizumab and to develop a treatment outcome prediction model.

The liver is a central organ involved in lipid metabolism. Hepatocytes synthesize fatty acids and triglycerides under conditions of excess energy while decomposing fats by β-oxidation under conditions of energy deficiency. When fatty acid metabolism is impaired due to metabolic syndrome, excessive lipid accumulation in the liver increases the risk of fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis, and liver cancer. Excessive fat accumulation causes various types of cell damage, such as oxidative stress, which causes lipotoxicity. There is a difference in lipotoxicity between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids among various fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids are more toxic. However, there are still many unknowns about the role of unsaturated fatty acids in steatohepatitis remains unclear.

Acute oesophageal necrosis (AEN) is a rare but important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The prognosis is poor and related to the presence of concomitant diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with AEN.

The coexistence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accelerates liver fibrosis progression, but effective noninvasive tools for fibrosis risk assessment in this specific population are lacking. This study aimed to develop and validate an explainable machine learning (ML) model to predict significant liver fibrosis in patients with comorbid CHB and NAFLD.

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are associated with emotional disturbances, but their shared and distinct neurobiological substrates remain unclear. This neuroimaging study aimed to characterize shared and distinct patterns of spontaneous neural activity in CD and UC patients using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease with increasing global prevalence. Although diabetes is a major factor in NAFLD progression, up to 75% of the patients with NAFLD do not have diabetes. Tofogliflozin (Tofo), a sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 inhibitor, is widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Several clinical trials with Tofo have shown its beneficial effects in NAFLD patients with diabetes; however, currently, there are limited data on NAFLD patients without diabetes.

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a rare, severe condition with over 80 monogenic causes. These often resist conventional therapies, necessitating targeted treatments such as biologics and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aimed to systematically review therapeutic outcomes.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. The present study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of abdominal obesity and metabolism-related indicators for NAFLD in lean individuals.

Capsular invasion independently predicts poor prognosis after primary liver cancer (PLC). While maximum tumor diameter (MTD) informs staging systems, its potential nonlinear association with capsular invasion remains unquantified.

Peptic gastroduodenal stenosis is a rare but disabling condition causing gastric outlet obstruction. This study aimed to evaluate endoscopic balloon dilation in terms of treatment effectiveness, durability, and identify potential early predictors of unsatisfactory outcomes.

Timely colonoscopy completion in primary care can prevent diagnostic delays in colorectal cancer. Factors that influence why patients experience timely or delayed colonoscopy completion are unclear. We sought to identify potentially intervenable factors associated with earlier (or later) colonoscopy test completion in primary care.

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, this study aimed to validate the performance of the new ABC score in predicting 30-day mortality in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in a cohort of Tanzanian patients and compare it to existing pre-endoscopy risk scores.

Developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects platelet counts (PLT), which are involved in blood coagulation. However, the predictive or diagnostic utility of platelet characteristics in assessing IBD disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease. We conducted thisremains unknown. This meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate changes in platelet parameters during the active phase of IBD using a large sample size.

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and enhanced computed tomography (CT) can offer more image features of gastric stromal tumors with higher pathological risk, which is of great significance for determining the pathological risk degree of gastric stromal tumors (GSTs) before surgery.

Overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) is a common complication following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures in patients with cirrhosis. However, the relationship between preoperative triglyceride (TG) levels and post-TIPS OHE risk remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether elevated preoperative TG levels are independently associated with increased risk of developing OHE following TIPS in patients with cirrhosis.

Hypertriglyceridemia is an increasingly common cause of acute pancreatitis (AP). Patients with hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) have higher complication and mortality rates compared to those with other etiologies. Early prediction of disease severity remains challenging due to the lack of readily available tools specifically for HTG-AP.