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381. Medication Use for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Heidi D Nelson.;Rongwei Fu.;Bernadette Zakher.;Miranda Pappas.;Marian McDonagh.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷9期868-886页
Medications to reduce risk of breast cancer are effective for women at increased risk but also cause adverse effects.
382. Systemic Therapy for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review.
Non-small cell lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Until the last decade, the 5-year overall survival rate for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer was less than 5%. Improved understanding of the biology of lung cancer has resulted in the development of new biomarker-targeted therapies and led to improvements in overall survival for patients with advanced or metastatic disease.
383. Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Heidi D Nelson.;Miranda Pappas.;Amy Cantor.;Elizabeth Haney.;Rebecca Holmes.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷7期666-685页
Pathogenic mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase risks for breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer in women; interventions reduce risk in mutation carriers.
384. Association of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities and Thyroid Autoimmunity With Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: .;T I M Korevaar.;Arash Derakhshan.;Peter N Taylor.;Marcel Meima.;Liangmiao Chen.;Sofie Bliddal.;David M Carty.;Margreet Meems.;Bijay Vaidya.;Beverley Shields.;Farkhanda Ghafoor.;Polina V Popova.;Lorena Mosso.;Emily Oken.;Eila Suvanto.;Aya Hisada.;Jun Yoshinaga.;Suzanne J Brown.;Judit Bassols.;Juha Auvinen.;Wichor M Bramer.;Abel López-Bermejo.;Colin Dayan.;Laura Boucai.;Marina Vafeiadi.;Elena N Grineva.;Alexandra S Tkachuck.;Victor J M Pop.;T G Vrijkotte.;M Guxens.;L Chatzi.;J Sunyer.;A Jiménez-Zabala.;I Riaño.;M Murcia.;X Lu.;S Mukhtar.;C Delles.;U Feldt-Rasmussen.;S M Nelson.;E K Alexander.;L Chaker.;T Männistö.;J P Walsh.;E N Pearce.;E A P Steegers.;R P Peeters.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷7期632-641页
Maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are risk factors for preterm birth. Milder thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity are more prevalent, but it remains controversial if these are associated with preterm birth.
386. Extracorporeal Life Support for Adults With Respiratory Failure and Related Indications: A Review.
The substantial growth over the last decade in the use of extracorporeal life support for adults with acute respiratory failure reveals an enthusiasm for the technology not always consistent with the evidence. However, recent high-quality data, primarily in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, have made extracorporeal life support more widely accepted in clinical practice.
387. Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Susan J Curry.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷5期438-444页
Pancreatic cancer is an uncommon cancer with an age-adjusted annual incidence of 12.9 cases per 100 000 person-years. However, the death rate is 11.0 deaths per 100 000 person-years because the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is poor. Although its incidence is low, pancreatic cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Because of the increasing incidence of pancreatic cancer, along with improvements in early detection and treatment of other types of cancer, it is estimated that pancreatic cancer may soon become the second-leading cause of cancer death in the United States.
388. Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Nora B Henrikson.;Erin J Aiello Bowles.;Paula R Blasi.;Caitlin C Morrison.;Matt Nguyen.;Venu G Pillarisetty.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷5期445-454页
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States.
389. Screening for Hepatitis B Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This systematic review to support the 2019 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on screening for hepatitis B infection in pregnant women summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of hepatitis B infection screening and case management in pregnant women.
390. Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Review.
Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevated serum thyrotropin (often referred to as thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) level with normal levels of free thyroxine (FT4) affects up to 10% of the adult population.
391. Did This Patient Have Cardiac Syncope?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Omar T Albassam.;Robert J Redelmeier.;Steven Shadowitz.;Aatif M Husain.;David Simel.;Edward E Etchells.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷24期2448-2457页
Syncope can result from a reduction in cardiac output from serious cardiac conditions, such as arrhythmias or structural heart disease (cardiac syncope), or other causes, such as vasovagal syncope or orthostatic hypotension.
392. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Susan J Curry.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷22期2203-2213页
An estimated 1.1 million individuals in the United States are currently living with HIV, and more than 700 000 persons have died of AIDS since the first cases were reported in 1981. In 2017, there were 38 281 new diagnoses of HIV infection reported in the United States; 81% of these new diagnoses were among males and 19% were among females. Although treatable, HIV infection has no cure and has significant health consequences.
393. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Christopher Evans.;Adam Hoverman.;Christina Sun.;Tracy Dana.;Christina Bougatsos.;Sara Grusing.;P Todd Korthuis.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷22期2214-2230页
Effective prevention strategies for HIV infection are an important public health priority. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involves use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) daily or before and after sex to decrease risk of acquiring HIV infection.
394. Screening for HIV Infection in Asymptomatic, Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Untreated HIV infection can result in significant morbidity, mortality, and HIV transmission. A 2012 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found antiretroviral therapy (ART) associated with improved clinical outcomes and decreased transmission risk in persons with CD4 cell counts less than 500/mm3.
395. Screening for HIV Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Shelley S Selph.;Christina Bougatsos.;Tracy Dana.;Sara Grusing.;Roger Chou.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷23期2349-2360页
Prenatal screening for HIV can inform use of interventions to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) previously found strong evidence that prenatal HIV screening reduced risk of mother-to-child transmission. The previous evidence review was conducted in 2012.
396. Screening for HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Susan J Curry.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷23期2326-2336页
Approximately 1.1 million persons in the United States are currently living with HIV, and more than 700 000 persons have died of AIDS since the first cases were reported in 1981. There were approximately 38 300 new diagnoses of HIV infection in 2017. The estimated prevalence of HIV infection among persons 13 years and older in the United States is 0.4%, and data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show a significant increase in HIV diagnoses starting at age 15 years. An estimated 8700 women living with HIV give birth each year in the United States. HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and breastfeeding. The incidence of perinatal HIV infection in the United States peaked in 1992 and has declined significantly following the implementation of routine prenatal HIV screening and the use of effective therapies and precautions to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
398. Management of Preexisting Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review.
The presence of preexisting type 1 or type 2 diabetes in pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, such as preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, preterm delivery, macrosomia, and congenital defects. Approximately 0.9% of the 4 million births in the United States annually are complicated by preexisting diabetes.
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