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21. CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer: A Translational Science Review.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are T lymphocytes that are genetically engineered to express a synthetic receptor that recognizes a tumor cell surface antigen and causes the T cell to kill the tumor cell. CAR T treatments improve overall survival for patients with large B-cell lymphoma and progression-free survival for patients with multiple myeloma.
23. Inhaled Reliever Therapies for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Daniel G Rayner.;Dario M Ferri.;Gordon H Guyatt.;Paul M O'Byrne.;Romina Brignardello-Petersen.;Farid Foroutan.;Bradley Chipps.;Kaharu Sumino.;Tamara T Perry.;Sharmilee Nyenhuis.;John Oppenheimer.;Elliot Israel.;Flavia Hoyte.;Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric.;Ellen McCabe.;Susana Rangel.;Lindsay E Shade.;Valerie G Press.;Lisa Hall.;Dia Sue-Wah-Sing.;Angel Melendez.;Hilarry Orr.;Tonya Winders.;Donna D Gardner.;Kathyrn Przywara.;Matthew A Rank.;Leonard B Bacharier.;Giselle Mosnaim.;Derek K Chu.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷2期143-152页
The optimal inhaled reliever therapy for asthma remains unclear.
24. FDA Perspective on the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care and Biomedicine.
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) must be matched by efforts to better understand and evaluate how AI performs across health care and biomedicine as well as develop appropriate regulatory frameworks. This Special Communication reviews the history of the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) regulation of AI; presents potential uses of AI in medical product development, clinical research, and clinical care; and presents concepts that merit consideration as the regulatory system adapts to AI's unique challenges.
25. Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models: A Systematic Review.
作者: Suhana Bedi.;Yutong Liu.;Lucy Orr-Ewing.;Dev Dash.;Sanmi Koyejo.;Alison Callahan.;Jason A Fries.;Michael Wornow.;Akshay Swaminathan.;Lisa Soleymani Lehmann.;Hyo Jung Hong.;Mehr Kashyap.;Akash R Chaurasia.;Nirav R Shah.;Karandeep Singh.;Troy Tazbaz.;Arnold Milstein.;Michael A Pfeffer.;Nigam H Shah.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷4期319-328页
Large language models (LLMs) can assist in various health care activities, but current evaluation approaches may not adequately identify the most useful application areas.
26. Mpox Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies: A Review.
A global outbreak of clade IIb Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections spread rapidly across at least 118 countries resulting in a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) from July 2022 to May 2023. This outbreak affected more than 99 000 persons worldwide and caused more than 33 000 infections and 60 deaths in the US. In 2024, there have been approximately 200 new infections per month in the US. On August 14, 2024, the World Health Organization declared mpox a PHEIC for a second time due to a rapid increase in infections with clade I MPXV in Central Africa.
27. Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure: A Review.
More than 3.5 million people worldwide and 540 000 individuals in the US receive maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney failure. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 40% after initiation of maintenance dialysis.
28. Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Review.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria affects approximately 1% of the general population worldwide, including approximately 3 million people in the US, impairs patients' quality of life, and is associated with multiple comorbidities.
29. Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Review.
作者: Valerie M Vaughn.;Robert P Dickson.;Jennifer K Horowitz.;Scott A Flanders.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷15期1282-1295页
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) results in approximately 1.4 million emergency department visits, 740 000 hospitalizations, and 41 000 deaths in the US annually.
30. Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Review.
Pericarditis accounts for up to 5% of emergency department visits for nonischemic chest pain in North America and Western Europe. With appropriate treatment, 70% to 85% of these patients have a benign course. In acute pericarditis, the development of constrictive pericarditis (<0.5%) and pericardial tamponade (<3%) can be life-threatening.
31. Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy, with an estimated 434 840 incident cases worldwide in 2022. In the US, it is the sixth most common cancer among males and ninth among females.
32. Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Amy G Cantor.;Rebecca Holmes.;Christina Bougatsos.;Chandler Atchison.;Thomas DeLoughery.;Roger Chou.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷11期914-928页
In 2015 the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening and supplementation for iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
33. Perioperative Management of Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Review.
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), comprising apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran, are commonly used medications to treat patients with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Decisions about how to manage DOACs in patients undergoing a surgical or nonsurgical procedure are important to decrease the risks of bleeding and thromboembolism.
34. Obesity in Adolescents: A Review.
作者: Aaron S Kelly.;Sarah C Armstrong.;Marc P Michalsky.;Claudia K Fox.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷9期738-748页
Obesity affects approximately 21% of US adolescents and is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep disorders, depression, and musculoskeletal problems. Obesity during adolescence has also been associated with an increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
35. Medications for Obesity: A Review.
Obesity affects approximately 19% of women and 14% of men worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity. Antiobesity medications (AOMs) modify biological processes that affect appetite and significantly improve outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
36. Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Corinne V Evans.;Michelle Henninger.;Nadia Redmond.;Caitlyn A Senger.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷3期233-248页
Body mass index (BMI) of the 95th or greater percentile for age and sex is common among young people, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades.
37. Low-Dose Corticosteroids for Critically Ill Adults With Severe Pulmonary Infections: A Review.
Severe pulmonary infections, including COVID-19, community-acquired pneumonia, influenza, and Pneumocystis pneumonia, are a leading cause of death among adults worldwide. Pulmonary infections in critically ill patients may cause septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or both, which are associated with mortality rates ranging between 30% and 50%.
38. Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Mohd H Abdul-Aziz.;Naomi E Hammond.;Stephen J Brett.;Menino O Cotta.;Jan J De Waele.;Anthony Devaux.;Gian Luca Di Tanna.;Joel M Dulhunty.;Hatem Elkady.;Lars Eriksson.;M Shahnaz Hasan.;Ayesha Bibi Khan.;Jeffrey Lipman.;Xiaoqiu Liu.;Giacomo Monti.;John Myburgh.;Emmanuel Novy.;Shahed Omar.;Dorrilyn Rajbhandari.;Claire Roger.;Fredrik Sjövall.;Irene Zaghi.;Alberto Zangrillo.;Anthony Delaney.;Jason A Roberts.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷8期638-648页
There is uncertainty about whether prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics improve clinically important outcomes in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock.
39. Management of Depression in Adults: A Review.
Approximately 9% of US adults experience major depression each year, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 17% for men and 30% for women.
40. Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Janelle M Guirguis-Blake.;Leslie A Perdue.;Erin L Coppola.;Sarah I Bean.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷1期58-69页
Falls are the most common cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in older adults.
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