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21. High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: The RENOVATE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: .;Israel S Maia.;Letícia Kawano-Dourado.;Lucas Tramujas.;Neymar Elias de Oliveira.;Rafael Naoki Souza.;Dhaisi Faustino Signorini.;Mariangela Pimentel Pincelli.;Cássio Luis Zandonai.;Regiane Tamires Blasius.;Fabrício Freires.;Vanessa Marques Ferreira.;Marcelo Luz Pereira Romano.;Mieko Claudia Miura.;Caroline Maschio de Censo.;Eliana Bernadete Caser.;Betania Silva.;Daniela Correia Santos Bonomo.;Jussara Alencar Arraes.;Meton Soares de Alencar Filho.;Jacques Gabriel Álvares Horta.;Déborah Campos Oliveira.;Emerson Boschi.;Rafael Lessa Costa.;Glauco Adrieno Westphal.;Juliano Ramos.;Fábio Holanda Lacerda.;Conrado Roberto Hoffmann Filho.;Bruno Valle Pinheiro.;Leonardo Bugarin de Andrade Neumamm.;Mário Roberto Rezende Guimarães Júnior.;Davi Tamamaru de Souza.;Juliana Carvalho Ferreira.;Louis Nakayama Ohe.;Daniel Almeida Schettini.;Marlus Muri Thompson.;Maria Cristina França de Oliveira.;Viviane Cordeiro Veiga.;Karina L Negrelli.;Renato H N Santos.;Lucas Damiani.;Rodrigo M Gurgel.;Samara P C Gomes.;Lucas M Lima.;Tamiris A Miranda.;Ligia N Laranjeira.;Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros E Silva.;Flávia R Machado.;Mark Fitzgerald.;Anna Bosse.;Joe Marion.;Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho.;Laurent Brochard.;Roger J Lewis.;Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷10期875-890页
High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are commonly used respiratory support therapies for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).
22. Biomarker-Guided Antibiotic Duration for Hospitalized Patients With Suspected Sepsis: The ADAPT-Sepsis Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Paul Dark.;Anower Hossain.;Daniel F McAuley.;David Brealey.;Gordon Carlson.;Jonathan C Clayton.;Timothy W Felton.;Belinder K Ghuman.;Anthony C Gordon.;Thomas P Hellyer.;Nazir I Lone.;Uzma Manazar.;Gillian Richards.;Iain J McCullagh.;Ronan McMullan.;James J McNamee.;Hannah C McNeil.;Paul R Mouncey.;Micheal J Naisbitt.;Robert J Parker.;Ruth L Poole.;Anthony J Rostron.;Mervyn Singer.;Matt D Stevenson.;Tim S Walsh.;Ingeborg D Welters.;Tony Whitehouse.;Simon Whiteley.;Peter Wilson.;Keith K Young.;Gavin D Perkins.;Ranjit Lall.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷8期682-693页
For hospitalized critically ill adults with suspected sepsis, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) monitoring protocols can guide the duration of antibiotic therapy, but the evidence of the effect and safety of these protocols remains uncertain.
23. Personalized Patient Data and Behavioral Nudges to Improve Adherence to Chronic Cardiovascular Medications: A Randomized Pragmatic Trial.
作者: P Michael Ho.;Thomas J Glorioso.;Larry A Allen.;Richard Blankenhorn.;Russell E Glasgow.;Gary K Grunwald.;Amber Khanna.;David J Magid.;Joel C Marrs.;Sylvie Novins-Montague.;Steven Orlando.;Pamela Peterson.;Mary E Plomondon.;Lisa M Sandy.;Joseph J Saseen.;Katy E Trinkley.;Shawni Vaughn.;Joy Waughtal.;Sheana Bull.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷1期49-59页
Poor medication adherence is common. Text messaging is increasingly used to change patient behavior but often not rigorously tested.
24. HepB-CpG vs HepB-Alum Vaccine in People With HIV and Prior Vaccine Nonresponse: The BEe-HIVe Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kristen M Marks.;Minhee Kang.;Triin Umbleja.;Andrea Cox.;Karen J Vigil.;Ngan T Ta.;Ayotunde Omoz-Oarhe.;Hugo Perazzo.;Josphat Kosgei.;Timothy Hatlen.;Jennifer Price.;Leolin Katsidzira.;Khuanchai Supparatpinyo.;Kevin Knowles.;Beverly L Alston-Smith.;Parita Rathod.;Kenneth E Sherman.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷4期295-306页
Nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine is common among people with HIV, resulting in vulnerability to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV).
25. Intravenous Lidocaine for Gut Function Recovery in Colonic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Hugh Paterson.;Thenmalar Vadiveloo.;Karen Innes.;Angie Balfour.;Marek Atter.;Andrew Stoddart.;Seonaidh Cotton.;Robert Arnott.;Lorna Aucott.;Zoe Batham.;Irwin Foo.;Graeme MacLennan.;Susan Nimmo.;Doug Speake.;John Norrie.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷1期39-48页
Despite the recovery advantages of minimally invasive surgical techniques, delayed return of gut function after colectomy is a common barrier to timely discharge from hospital.
26. Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Severe Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation: The Tri.Fr Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Erwan Donal.;Julien Dreyfus.;Guillaume Leurent.;Augustin Coisne.;Pierre-Yves Leroux.;Anne Ganivet.;Catherine Sportouch.;Yoan Lavie-Badie.;Patrice Guerin.;Frédéric Rouleau.;Christelle Diakov.;Jan van der Heyden.;Stéphane Lafitte.;Jean-François Obadia.;Mohammed Nejjari.;Nicole Karam.;Anne Bernard.;Antoinette Neylon.;Romain Pierrard.;Didier Tchetche.;Said Ghostine.;Gregory Ducrocq.;Thiziri Si Moussi.;Antoine Jeu.;Marcel Peltier.;Bernard Cosyns.;Yvan Le Dolley.;Gilbert Habib.;Vincent Auffret.;Florent Le Ven.;François Picard.;Nicolas Piriou.;Thierry Laperche.;Elena Galli.;Sabina Istratoaie.;Jerome Jouan.;Guillaume Bonnet.;Pascal de Groote.;Amedeo Anselmi.;Jean-Noel Trochu.;Emmanuel Oger.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷2期124-132页
Correction of tricuspid regurgitation using tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) in addition to guideline-directed optimized medical therapy (OMT) may improve clinical outcomes.
27. Zerlasiran-A Small-Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a): A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Steven E Nissen.;Qiuqing Wang.;Stephen J Nicholls.;Ann Marie Navar.;Kausik K Ray.;Gregory G Schwartz.;Michael Szarek.;Erik S G Stroes.;Roland Troquay.;Jannick A N Dorresteijn.;Henry Fok.;David A Rider.;Steven Romano.;Kathy Wolski.;Curtis Rambaran.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷23期1992-2002页
Elevated lipoprotein(a) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic stenosis.
28. Oral Muvalaplin for Lowering of Lipoprotein(a): A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stephen J Nicholls.;Wei Ni.;Grace M Rhodes.;Steven E Nissen.;Ann Marie Navar.;Laura F Michael.;Axel Haupt.;John H Krege.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷3期222-231页
Muvalaplin inhibits lipoprotein(a) formation. A 14-day phase 1 study demonstrated that muvalaplin was well tolerated and reduced lipoprotein(a) levels up to 65%. The effect of longer administration of muvalaplin on lipoprotein(a) levels in individuals at high cardiovascular risk remains uncertain.
29. Pulmonary Vein Isolation With Optimized Linear Ablation vs Pulmonary Vein Isolation Alone for Persistent AF: The PROMPT-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Caihua Sang.;Qiang Liu.;Yiwei Lai.;Shijun Xia.;Ruhong Jiang.;Songnan Li.;Qi Guo.;Qifan Li.;Mingyang Gao.;Xueyuan Guo.;Lihong Huang.;Nian Liu.;Chenxi Jiang.;Song Zuo.;Xiaoxia Liu.;Mengmeng Li.;Weili Ge.;Shangming Song.;Lianghua Chen.;Shuanglun Xie.;Jiangang Zou.;Ke Chen.;Xiangfei Liu.;Hesheng Hu.;Xinhua Wang.;Jinlin Zhang.;Zhaojun Wang.;Chi Wang.;Liu He.;Chao Jiang.;Ribo Tang.;Ning Zhou.;Yunlong Wang.;Deyong Long.;Xin Du.;Chenyang Jiang.;Laurent Macle.;Jianzeng Dong.;Changsheng Ma.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷5期381-389页
Success rates of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) are modest for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Additional linear ablation beyond PVI has not been proved superior to PVI alone in randomized trials. Ethanol infusion of the vein of Marshall (EIVOM) facilitates ablation at the mitral isthmus and may lead to improved effectiveness of a linear ablation strategy.
30. Tenofovir and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission During Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Calvin Q Pan.;Erhei Dai.;Zhongfu Mo.;Hua Zhang.;Thomas Q Zheng.;Yuming Wang.;Yingxia Liu.;Tianyan Chen.;Suwen Li.;Cuili Yang.;Jinjuan Wu.;Xiuli Chen.;Huaibin Zou.;Shanshan Mei.;Lin Zhu.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷5期390-399页
Standard care for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly viremic mothers consists of maternal antiviral prophylaxis beginning at gestational week 28 combined with an HBV vaccine series and HBV immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. However, HBIG is unavailable in some resource-limited areas.
31. Symptom Screening Linked to Care Pathways for Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: L Lee Dupuis.;Emily Vettese.;Allison C Grimes.;Melissa P Beauchemin.;Lisa M Klesges.;Christina Baggott.;Jenna Demedis.;Catherine Aftandilian.;David R Freyer.;Nicole Crellin-Parsons.;Etan Orgel.;David Dickens.;Kara M Kelly.;Wade Kyono.;Alexandra Walsh.;Farha Sherani.;Daniel Cannone.;Andrea D Orsey.;Allison A King.;Lolie Yu.;Wendy Woods-Swafford.;Scott M Bradfield.;Michael E Roth.;Adam J Esbenshade.;Emi H Caywood.;Vibhuti Agarwal.;Ramamoorthy Nagasubramanian.;George A Tomlinson.;Lillian Sung.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷23期1981-1991页
Pediatric patients with cancer commonly experience severely bothersome symptoms. The effectiveness of routine symptom screening with symptom feedback and symptom management care pathways is unknown.
32. Intratracheal Budesonide Mixed With Surfactant for Extremely Preterm Infants: The PLUSS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Brett J Manley.;C Omar F Kamlin.;Susan M Donath.;Kate L Francis.;Jeanie L Y Cheong.;Peter A Dargaville.;Jennifer A Dawson.;Susan E Jacobs.;Pita Birch.;Steven M Resnick.;Georg M Schmölzer.;Brenda Law.;Risha Bhatia.;Katinka P Bach.;Koert de Waal.;Javeed N Travadi.;Pieter J Koorts.;Mary J Berry.;Kei Lui.;Victor S Rajadurai.;Suresh Chandran.;Martin Kluckow.;Elza Cloete.;Margaret M Broom.;Michael J Stark.;Adrienne Gordon.;Vinayak Kodur.;Lex W Doyle.;Peter G Davis.;Christopher J D McKinlay.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷22期1889-1899页
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common adverse outcome in extremely preterm infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation. Systemic corticosteroids are effective against BPD but may be associated with adverse outcomes. Corticosteroids given directly into the lungs may be effective and safer.
33. A Digital Health Behavior Intervention to Prevent Childhood Obesity: The Greenlight Plus Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: William J Heerman.;Russell L Rothman.;Lee M Sanders.;Jonathan S Schildcrout.;Kori B Flower.;Alan M Delamater.;Melissa C Kay.;Charles T Wood.;Rachel S Gross.;Aihua Bian.;Laura E Adams.;Evan C Sommer.;H Shonna Yin.;Eliana M Perrin.; .;Belen de la Barrera.;Malakha Bility.;Michelle Cruz Jimenez Smith.;Evelyn F Cruzatte.;Gabriela Guevara.;Janna B Howard.;Jacarra Lampkin.;Colin J Orr.;Jennifer Pilotos McBride.;Lourdes Quintana Forster.;Kimberly S Ramirez.;Javier Rodriguez.;Samantha Schilling.;W Elizabeth Shepard.;Altagracia Soto.;Jessica J Velazquez.;Shelby Wallace.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷24期2068-2080页
Infant growth predicts long-term obesity and cardiovascular disease. Previous interventions designed to prevent obesity in the first 2 years of life have been largely unsuccessful. Obesity prevalence is high among traditional racial and ethnic minority groups.
34. Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis: The EVOLVED Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Krithika Loganath.;Neil J Craig.;Russell J Everett.;Rong Bing.;Vasiliki Tsampasian.;Patrycja Molek.;Simona Botezatu.;Saadia Aslam.;Steff Lewis.;Catriona Graham.;Audrey C White.;Tom MacGillivray.;Christopher E Tuck.;Phillip Rayson.;Denise Cranley.;Sian Irvine.;Ruth Armstrong.;Lynsey Milne.;Calvin W L Chin.;Graham S Hillis.;Timothy Fairbairn.;John P Greenwood.;Richard Steeds.;Stephen J Leslie.;Chim C Lang.;Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci.;Nikhil V Joshi.;Vijay Kunadian.;Vassilios S Vassiliou.;Jason N Dungu.;Sandeep S Hothi.;Nicholas Boon.;Sanjay K Prasad.;Niall G Keenan.;Dana Dawson.;Thomas A Treibel.;Mani Motwani.;Christopher A Miller.;Nicholas L Mills.;Ronak Rajani.;David P Ripley.;Gerry P McCann.;Bernard Prendergast.;Anvesha Singh.;David E Newby.;Marc R Dweck.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷3期213-221页
Development of myocardial fibrosis in patients with aortic stenosis precedes left ventricular decompensation and is associated with an adverse long-term prognosis.
35. Early, Individualized Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Abinet M Aklilu.;Steven Menez.;Megan L Baker.;Dannielle Brown.;Katie K Dircksen.;Kisha A Dunkley.;Simon Correa Gaviria.;Salia Farrokh.;Sophia C Faulkner.;Charles Jones.;Bashar A Kadhim.;Dustin Le.;Fan Li.;Amrita Makhijani.;Melissa Martin.;Dennis G Moledina.;Claudia Coronel-Moreno.;Kyle D O'Connor.;Kyra Shelton.;Kristina Shvets.;Nityasree Srialluri.;Jia Wei Tan.;Jeffrey M Testani.;Celia P Corona-Villalobos.;Yu Yamamoto.;Chirag R Parikh.;F Perry Wilson.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷24期2081-2090页
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication during hospitalization and is associated with adverse outcomes.
36. Three vs 6 Cycles of Chemotherapy for High-Risk Retinoblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Huijing Ye.;Kang Xue.;Ping Zhang.;Rongxin Chen.;Xiaowen Zhai.;Li Ling.;Wei Xiao.;Lijuan Tang.;Hongsheng Wang.;Yuxiang Mao.;Siming Ai.;Yingwen Bi.;Qing Liu.;Yusha Zou.;Jiang Qian.;Huasheng Yang.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷19期1634-1641页
Adjuvant therapy is an important and effective treatment for retinoblastoma. However, there is a lack of head-to-head clinical trials comparing 3 vs 6 cycles of CEV chemotherapy (carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine) for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.
37. Electronic Nudges to Increase Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Niklas Dyrby Johansen.;Muthiah Vaduganathan.;Ankeet S Bhatt.;Daniel Modin.;Safia Chatur.;Brian L Claggett.;Kira Hyldekær Janstrup.;Carsten Schade Larsen.;Lykke Larsen.;Lothar Wiese.;Michael Dalager-Pedersen.;Lars Køber.;Scott D Solomon.;Pradeesh Sivapalan.;Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen.;Cyril Jean-Marie Martel.;Tyra Grove Krause.;Tor Biering-Sørensen.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷22期1900-1911页
Despite strong worldwide guideline recommendations, influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal among young and middle-aged patients with chronic diseases. Effective scalable strategies to increase vaccination are needed.
38. Effect of Tele-ICU on Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients: The TELESCOPE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Adriano J Pereira.;Danilo T Noritomi.;Maura Cristina Dos Santos.;Thiago D Corrêa.;Leonardo J R Ferraz.;Guilherme P P Schettino.;Eduardo Cordioli.;Renata A Morbeck.;Lúbia C Morais.;Jorge I F Salluh.;Luciano C P Azevedo.;Rodrigo S Biondi.;Regis G Rosa.;Alexandre B Cavalcanti.;Otavio Berwanger.;Ary Serpa Neto.;Otavio T Ranzani.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷21期1798-1807页
Despite its implementation in several countries, there has not been a randomized clinical trial to assess whether telemedicine in intensive care units (ICUs) could improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients.
39. Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury: The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Fabio Silvio Taccone.;Carla Bittencourt Rynkowski.;Kirsten Møller.;Piet Lormans.;Manuel Quintana-Díaz.;Anselmo Caricato.;Marco Antonio Cardoso Ferreira.;Rafael Badenes.;Pedro Kurtz.;Christian Baastrup Søndergaard.;Kirsten Colpaert.;Leticia Petterson.;Herve Quintard.;Raphael Cinotti.;Elisa Gouvêa Bogossian.;Cassia Righy.;Serena Silva.;Erik Roman-Pognuz.;Catherine Vandewaeter.;Daniel Lemke.;Olivier Huet.;Ata Mahmoodpoor.;Aaron Blandino Ortiz.;Mathieu van der Jagt.;Russell Chabanne.;Walter Videtta.;Pierre Bouzat.;Jean-Louis Vincent.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷19期1623-1633页
Blood transfusions are commonly administered to patients with acute brain injury. The optimal hemoglobin transfusion threshold is uncertain in this patient population.
40. Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery: The SIRAKI02 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Xosé Pérez-Fernández.;Arnau Ulsamer.;María Cámara-Rosell.;Fabrizio Sbraga.;Enric Boza-Hernández.;Enrique Moret-Ruíz.;Erika Plata-Menchaca.;Doménech Santiago-Bautista.;Patricia Boronat-García.;Víctor Gumucio-Sanguino.;Judith Peñafiel-Muñoz.;Mercedes Camacho-Pérez.;Antoni Betbesé-Roig.;Lui Forni.;Ana Campos-Gómez.;Joan Sabater-Riera.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷17期1446-1454页
Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) remains a significant problem following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Various strategies are proposed to attenuate CSA-AKI, including extracorporeal blood purification (EBP), but little is known about the effect of EBP through an acrylonitrile-sodium methallylsulfonate/polyethyleneimine membrane during CPB.
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