Although the preventive effect against intravesical recurrence (IVR) has been established for single instillation of chemotherapy during or after radical surgery of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), there has been no research on the long-term outcome. This study aims to investigate the IVR and long-term survival outcome of a single intraoperative instillation of pirarubicin during radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Treating locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN) involves any combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, followed by routine monitoring for local recurrence or distant metastases. Given the poor patient outcomes, a significant unmet clinical need for improved treatment options remains.

Approximately 20% to 30% of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) experience disease relapse despite definitive chemoradiotherapy. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade camrelizumab has demonstrated considerable value in recurrent or metastatic NPC, while its role in locoregionally advanced NPC is unclear.

Ivonescimab is a bispecific antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, yielding promising clinical outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer in early-phase studies. We compared the efficacy and safety of ivonescimab with pembrolizumab in patients with programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Frequent visits and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections are often required to manage diabetic macular edema (DME), burdening patients and their health care networks. The Port Delivery System (PDS) with ranibizumab is the first continuous anti-VEGF therapy that has the potential to reduce visit and treatment burden without sacrificing vision outcomes for patients with DME.

Frequent prophylactic intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections can reduce risk of progression to vision-threatening complications in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). A refillable drug delivery system for continuous intraocular ranibizumab release could offer less frequent treatment regimens.

Bevacizumab shows inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability, with an exposure-response relationship in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. This study explores whether a double dose of bevacizumab, compared to a standard dose, increases efficacy in mCRC patients treated with bevacizumab-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy and who have a low initial trough concentration of bevacizumab. PHARBEVACOL is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, two-parallel group trial. All patients will receive first-line bi-weekly 5 mg/kg bevacizumab-based chemotherapy and those with low initial bevacizumab concentrations (≤15.5 mg/L) will be randomized to either continue the standard dose (5 mg/kg every 14 days) or receive a double dose (10 mg/kg every 14 days). The primary objective is to evaluate the effect of doubling dose on progression-free survival (PFS). During a screening phase, the first serum trough concentration will be measured on day 14, before the second infusion of bevacizumab. We hypothesize a 40 % PFS in the control group at 9 months versus 60 % in the study group, corresponding to a hazard ratio of 0.56. With 80 % power, a 5 % two-sided type I error, and a minimum 12-month follow-up, 116 patients need to be included. Since only 50 % of screened patients will be eligible for randomization, approximately 244 patients will be screened. Recruitment is scheduled to begin in February 2025.

Many chemotherapy agents used to treat advanced cancer are inherently mucotoxic, causing breakdown of the gastrointestinal mucosa (gastrointestinal mucositis (GI-M)) and lead to a constellation of secondary complications including diarrhoea, malnutrition, anorexia, pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances. These symptoms are usually managed individually, leading to polypharmacy and its associated risks. The endocannabinoid system regulates numerous biological and behavioural processes associated with chemotherapy side effects, suggesting its modulation could control these symptoms. Therefore, the CANnabinoids in CANcer (CANCAN) therapy trial is a phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that aims to determine the efficacy of medicinal cannabis in minimising GI-M and its associated symptom burden.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, have demonstrated significant survival benefits in treating recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M-NPC). While baseline peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets have been identified as prognostic biomarkers in various cancers treated with ICIs, their relevance in R/M-NPC has not been extensively studied.

To estimate in humans, in vivo, drug retention in the subretinal space following either 1- or 2-step subretinal injection (SRI).

Peripheral neuropathy is a major adverse effect of Vincristine (VCR) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Curcumin can prevent the development of many neurological diseases.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the angiographic predictors of response to the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-C/-D agent, sozinibercept.

With the rising survival rate among children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), prioritizing patient-centered care to address the long-term effects of chemotherapy through tailored rehabilitation interventions is essential for optimizing their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an 8-week intervention using adaptive variable-resistance training (Adaptive-VRT) on chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia, fatigue, and functional restrictions in pediatric survivors of ALL.

The phase 2 trial KEYNOTE-158 ( NCT02628067 ) evaluated pembrolizumab in microsatellite-instability-high and mismatch-repair-deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) noncolorectal tumors. With 373 participants (95% with baseline MSI/dMMR documentation) and 4.5 years of follow-up, the primary endpoint of overall response rate was 33.8%. Secondary endpoints of duration of response, overall survival and progression-free survival were 63.2, 19.8 and 4.0 months, respectively. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 50 (13%) participants. These results further support pembrolizumab use in MSI-H/dMMR tumors.

Even with antiemetic prophylaxis, patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy often still experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists will prevent CINV effectively but are not affordable for patients of low socioeconomic status.

Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse event of capecitabine causing treatment modifications. Topical urea cream can reduce sorafenib-induced hand-foot skin reaction. However, its benefit in preventing capecitabine-associated HFS was not seen early in the course and had been unknown with long-term use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of urea cream for HFS prophylaxis throughout capecitabine treatment.

Equivalence between HLX02 and trastuzumab sourced from the European Union (EU-trastuzumab), in combination with docetaxel, was demonstrated in a phase III study. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety data after 3 years of follow-up.

Data on exposure-response or exposure-toxicity relationships of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are limited and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between palbociclib exposure and progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs) and dose reductions.

PARP inhibitors may work synergistically to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We performed a parallel-arm study of tremelimumab, alone or with olaparib, in patients with recurrent EOC.

Tamoxifen, a common treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)‑positive breast cancer, is associated with an increased risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Curcumin, a compound in turmeric, has shown potential in mitigating liver disease progression. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of curcumin in preventing NAFLD in breast cancer patients initiating tamoxifen therapy.In this 6‑month triple‑blind, randomized placebo‑controlled trial, 44 ER+ breast cancer patients scheduled to receive tamoxifen were assigned to receive either curcumin (500 mg daily) or a placebo. NAFLD grade was assessed via ultrasound at baseline and after 6 months. Laboratory values and demographic data were collected, and adverse effects were monitored. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS version 16.Data of a total of 44 participants (22 participants in each group, mean age: 47.1 ± 6.0 years) were analyses. There were no significant differences between the placebo and curcumin groups regarding the demographic and baseline laboratory values. At study completion, significantly fewer patients in the curcumin group showed an increased NAFLD grade compared to the placebo group (13.6% vs. 54.5%; p = 0.03). Additionally, the prevalence of NAFLD grade ≥ 2 was lower in the curcumin group (13.6% vs. 40.9%; p = 0.04). No adverse effects related to curcumin were reported. Curcumin supplementation demonstrated a protective effect against tamoxifen‑induced NAFLD in ER+ breast cancer patients, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic adjunct to tamoxifen therapy. Larger multi‑centric trials are warranted to confirm these findings.