Among several adverse events induced by chemotherapy for patients with far advanced and unresectable cancer, oral mucositis is one that reduces patient quality of life.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, debilitating, and treatment-limiting adverse effect of many agents used for cancer treatment. There is currently no gold-standard diagnostic criterion nor a widely accepted method for accurate and early identification of CIPN. Vibration perception threshold (VPT), which reflects large-fibre nerve function, has been proposed as a potential biomarker for CIPN.

Relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment has limited evidence-based options. Solvent-based paclitaxel (PTX) and albumin-bound nanoparticle paclitaxel (nab-PTX) are commonly prescribed though never comprehensively quantified.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have demonstrated clinical benefit in early-stage breast cancer (eBC), enhancing antitumor immune responses. However, their incorporation into perioperative polychemotherapy has introduced new concerns regarding safety and immune-related toxicities (irAEs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the safety profile and tolerability of ICIs in patients with eBC.

The addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy has improved prognosis of metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). The present systematic review aimed to assess frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) among metastatic BTC patients receiving first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy in the two practice-changing TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 clinical trials. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was recorded in the PROSPERO register with no. CRD420251137398. Incidence of TEAEs in patients receiving ICIs plus chemotherapy and in patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy was collected. A total of two studies were included in these analyses including 1754 patients, comprising 1743 observations and 193 events for Grade 1/2 and 650 events for Grade ≥ 3. The risk of several TEAEs did not significantly differ between patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy versus those treated with chemotherapy alone. The present meta-analysis further confirms the tolerable safety profile of TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 regimens as first-line therapy in advanced BTC. Future research should focus on identifying risk factors for TEAEs and develop prophylactic strategies to mitigate this risk without blunting antitumor efficacy. By improving our understanding and management of TEAEs, we might maximize the clinical benefits of ICIs and minimize harm, ultimately enhance clinical outcomes for BTC patients.

Background: Thromboembolism is a serious complication in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated thrombosis incidence and risk factors across populations receiving asparaginase-based therapy. Methods: From 214 studies (1994-2026), 58 met inclusion criteria, totaling 23,655 adult, pediatric, and mixed-population patients. Searches included Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were observational cohorts or clinical trials reporting thrombosis in ALL patients treated with asparaginase. Risk factors assessed included study design, asparaginase formulation, immunophenotype, gender, treatment phase, corticosteroid use, mediastinal mass, ABO blood group, body weight, and age. Random-effects models were used for meta-analysis, and risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB-2. Results: Adults had significantly higher thrombosis rates than children (p < 0.0001). Study design, asparaginase formulation, immunophenotype, and treatment phase differed significantly across age groups (p < 0.0001). T-cell ALL showed higher thrombosis rates than B-cell ALL (p < 0.0001). Significant pediatric risk factors included age ≥ 10 years, mediastinal mass, non-O blood type, and overweight/obesity (all p ≤ 0.0004). Gender and corticosteroid use were not significant predictors. Findings were limited by substantial heterogeneity across included studies. Conclusions: Thrombosis risk was multifactorial. Adults and older children had higher risk, and pediatric patients with overweight/obesity, mediastinal mass, or non-O blood type were particularly vulnerable. Thromboprophylaxis is advised for high-risk groups. This review was not registered and received no external funding.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, distressing, adverse effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy that can persist post-treatment, and may affect therapy and daily functioning. Pharmacological options remain limited; therefore, non-pharmacological strategies are increasingly used. However, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. We aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for CIPN-related pain.

This study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse events (AEs) related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cervical cancer (CC) therapy and provide clinical recommendations to ensure their safe, rational, and effective use.

Novel agents targeting immune checkpoints are under development to overcome resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. Incidences of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and toxicity profiles of novel agents remain unelucidated.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a major contributor to long-term cardiovascular morbidity among cancer survivors. ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers and beta blockers have been proposed as prophylactic therapies; however, the robustness of existing evidence is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the strength, consistency and certainty of evidence from meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing antihypertensive agents for preventing chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer.

Beyond surgical intervention, hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly treated with 3 main approaches: transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) as local treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Up to now, clinical experts have not reached a consistent consensus on how to reasonably select combination therapy. Therefore, we performed this research to contrast the clinical outcomes of local treatment plus ICIs and TKIs (Local-ICIs-TKIs) with ICIs and TKIs, aiming to offer a practical reference basis for clinical practice.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a significant problem for breast cancer patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy despite routine antiemetic practice. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aim to examine the efficacy and safety of olanzapine with regular antiemetic treatment for CINV prevention in breast cancer patients.

With significant progress made in immunotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic gastroesophageal junction or gastric cancer (EGJ/GC), multiple studies have been initiated on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (nCRT+ICIs) for locally resectable EGJ/GC. Consequently, current clinical trials investigating nCRT+ICIs for locally advanced EGJ/GC were summarized within this study. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy, with the objective of providing clinicians with robust, evidence-based treatment strategies and clinical references.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab in patients with solid tumors.

Clinical trials evaluating CD3-based T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy have rapidly progressed from early investigations to clinical application. As these agents enter practice, it is essential to systematically characterise and summarise the range of treatment-related adverse events associated with these antibodies.

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been thoroughly studied over the past decades. Using an individual patient data model-based meta-analysis (IPD-MBMA) approach, this study aims to build a generalized model by combining IPD from multiple studies, investigating the role of lean body mass (LBM) in 5-FU PK, and exploring a model informed precision dosing (MIPD)-based approach for refining its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Ovarian function suppression (OFS) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) improves outcomes in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR +) breast cancer (BC), most commonly using monthly administration. The potential equivalence of 3-monthly (3 M) versus monthly (1 M) schedules has been suggested but remains uncertain.

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer, but its significant toxicity renders approximately 30-50% of patient ineligible. Carboplatin is widely used as a substitute; however, its comparative efficacy and safety remain controversial due to fragmented and inconsistent evidence. This meta-analysis aims to compare survival outcomes, response rates, and toxicity profiles between carboplatin- and cisplatin-based regimens.

Pseudoprogression is an atypical response pattern observed during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) that can complicate clinical decision-making. It is characterized by initial radiologic progression followed by subsequent tumor regression or stabilization, with confirmation requiring repeat imaging. We aimed to characterize the clinical and imaging features of confirmed pseudoprogression in solid tumors treated with CPIs using pooled study data.