当前位置: 首页 >> 检索结果
3961. The obligation to participate in biomedical research.
The current prevailing view is that participation in biomedical research is above and beyond the call of duty. While some commentators have offered reasons against this, we propose a novel public goods argument for an obligation to participate in biomedical research. Biomedical knowledge is a public good, available to any individual even if that individual does not contribute to it. Participation in research is a critical way to support an important public good. Consequently, all have a duty to participate. The current social norm is that individuals participate only if they have a good reason to do so. The public goods argument implies that individuals should participate unless they have a good reason not to. Such a shift would be of great aid to the progress of biomedical research, eventually making society significantly healthier and longer lived.
3962. Novel and conventional biomarkers for prediction of incident cardiovascular events in the community.
作者: Olle Melander.;Christopher Newton-Cheh.;Peter Almgren.;Bo Hedblad.;Göran Berglund.;Gunnar Engström.;Margaretha Persson.;J Gustav Smith.;Martin Magnusson.;Anders Christensson.;Joachim Struck.;Nils G Morgenthaler.;Andreas Bergmann.;Michael J Pencina.;Thomas J Wang.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷1期49-57页
Prior studies have demonstrated conflicting results regarding how much information novel biomarkers add to cardiovascular risk assessment.
3963. Genetic Loci associated with C-reactive protein levels and risk of coronary heart disease.
作者: Paul Elliott.;John C Chambers.;Weihua Zhang.;Robert Clarke.;Jemma C Hopewell.;John F Peden.;Jeanette Erdmann.;Peter Braund.;James C Engert.;Derrick Bennett.;Lachlan Coin.;Deborah Ashby.;Ioanna Tzoulaki.;Ian J Brown.;Shahrul Mt-Isa.;Mark I McCarthy.;Leena Peltonen.;Nelson B Freimer.;Martin Farrall.;Aimo Ruokonen.;Anders Hamsten.;Noha Lim.;Philippe Froguel.;Dawn M Waterworth.;Peter Vollenweider.;Gerard Waeber.;Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin.;Vincent Mooser.;James Scott.;Alistair S Hall.;Heribert Schunkert.;Sonia S Anand.;Rory Collins.;Nilesh J Samani.;Hugh Watkins.;Jaspal S Kooner.
来源: JAMA. 2009年302卷1期37-48页
Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are independently associated with risk of coronary heart disease, but whether CRP is causally associated with coronary heart disease or merely a marker of underlying atherosclerosis is uncertain.
3964. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block.
作者: Susan Cheng.;Michelle J Keyes.;Martin G Larson.;Elizabeth L McCabe.;Christopher Newton-Cheh.;Daniel Levy.;Emelia J Benjamin.;Ramachandran S Vasan.;Thomas J Wang.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷24期2571-7页
Prolongation of the electrocardiographic PR interval, known as first-degree atrioventricular block when the PR interval exceeds 200 milliseconds, is frequently encountered in clinical practice.
3965. Migraine headache in middle age and late-life brain infarcts.
作者: Ann I Scher.;Larus S Gudmundsson.;Sigurdur Sigurdsson.;Anna Ghambaryan.;Thor Aspelund.;Gudny Eiriksdottir.;Mark A van Buchem.;Vilmundur Gudnason.;Lenore J Launer.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷24期2563-70页
Migraine is considered to be an episodic condition with no long-term consequences. However, recent studies suggest that migraine attacks may be associated with pathologic changes in the brain, particularly in the cerebellum.
3966. Body mass index and risk, age of onset, and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.
作者: Donghui Li.;Jeffrey S Morris.;Jun Liu.;Manal M Hassan.;R Sue Day.;Melissa L Bondy.;James L Abbruzzese.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷24期2553-62页
Obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
3969. Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression: a meta-analysis.
作者: Neil Risch.;Richard Herrell.;Thomas Lehner.;Kung-Yee Liang.;Lindon Eaves.;Josephine Hoh.;Andrea Griem.;Maria Kovacs.;Jurg Ott.;Kathleen Ries Merikangas.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷23期2462-71页
Substantial resources are being devoted to identify candidate genes for complex mental and behavioral disorders through inclusion of environmental exposures following the report of an interaction between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and stressful life events on an increased risk of major depression.
3970. Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomographic colonography for the detection of advanced neoplasia in individuals at increased risk of colorectal cancer.
作者: Daniele Regge.;Cristiana Laudi.;Giovanni Galatola.;Patrizia Della Monica.;Luigina Bonelli.;Giuseppe Angelelli.;Roberto Asnaghi.;Brunella Barbaro.;Carlo Bartolozzi.;Didier Bielen.;Luca Boni.;Claudia Borghi.;Paolo Bruzzi.;Maria Carla Cassinis.;Massimo Galia.;Teresa Maria Gallo.;Andrea Grasso.;Cesare Hassan.;Andrea Laghi.;Maria Cristina Martina.;Emanuele Neri.;Carlo Senore.;Giovanni Simonetti.;Silvia Venturini.;Giovanni Gandini.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷23期2453-61页
Computed tomographic (CT) colonography has been recognized as an alternative for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in average-risk individuals, but less information is available on its performance in individuals at increased risk of CRC.
3972. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials.
作者: John Koreth.;Richard Schlenk.;Kenneth J Kopecky.;Sumihisa Honda.;Jorge Sierra.;Benjamin J Djulbegovic.;Martha Wadleigh.;Daniel J DeAngelo.;Richard M Stone.;Hisashi Sakamaki.;Frederick R Appelbaum.;Hartmut Döhner.;Joseph H Antin.;Robert J Soiffer.;Corey Cutler.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷22期2349-61页
The optimal treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) is uncertain. Current consensus, based on cytogenetic risk, recommends myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for poor-risk but not for good-risk AML. Allogeneic SCT, autologous transplantation, and consolidation chemotherapy are considered of equivalent benefit for intermediate-risk AML.
3973. Prevention of depression in at-risk adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Judy Garber.;Gregory N Clarke.;V Robin Weersing.;William R Beardslee.;David A Brent.;Tracy R G Gladstone.;Lynn L DeBar.;Frances L Lynch.;Eugene D'Angelo.;Steven D Hollon.;Wael Shamseddeen.;Satish Iyengar.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷21期2215-24页
Adolescent offspring of depressed parents are at markedly increased risk of developing depressive disorders. Although some smaller targeted prevention trials have found that depression risk can be reduced, these results have yet to be replicated and extended to large-scale, at-risk populations in different settings.
3976. Optimized antidepressant therapy and pain self-management in primary care patients with depression and musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Kurt Kroenke.;Matthew J Bair.;Teresa M Damush.;Jingwei Wu.;Shawn Hoke.;Jason Sutherland.;Wanzhu Tu.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷20期2099-110页
Pain and depression are the most common physical and psychological symptoms in primary care, respectively. Moreover, they co-occur 30% to 50% of the time and have adverse effects on quality of life, disability, and health care costs.
3977. The origin of clinical organ transplantation revisited.
A patient whose illness had begun with edema and hypertension was found to have extreme atrophy of both kidneys. Because of the steady worsening of the condition and the appearance of uremia with other unfavorable diagnostic signs, transplantation of 1 kidney from the patient's identical healthy twin brother was undertaken. Preparations included collection of evidence of monozygosity and experimental transplantation of a skin graft from the twin. During the transfer of the healthy kidney, it was totally ischemic for 82 minutes. Evidence of functional activity in the transplanted kidney was obtained. The hypertension persisted until the patient's diseased kidneys were both removed. The homograft has survived for 11 months, and the marked clinical improvement in the patient has included disappearance of the signs of malignant hypertension.
3978. Schizophrenia, substance abuse, and violent crime.
作者: Seena Fazel.;Niklas Långström.;Anders Hjern.;Martin Grann.;Paul Lichtenstein.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷19期2016-23页
Persons with schizophrenia are thought to be at increased risk of committing violent crime 4 to 6 times the level of general population individuals without this disorder. However, risk estimates vary substantially across studies, and considerable uncertainty exists as to what mediates this elevated risk. Despite this uncertainty, current guidelines recommend that violence risk assessment should be conducted for all patients with schizophrenia.
3979. Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Charles M Morin.;Annie Vallières.;Bernard Guay.;Hans Ivers.;Josée Savard.;Chantal Mérette.;Célyne Bastien.;Lucie Baillargeon.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷19期2005-15页
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and hypnotic medications are efficacious for short-term treatment of insomnia, but few patients achieve complete remission with any single treatment. It is unclear whether combined or maintenance therapies would enhance outcome.
3980. Effects of home-based diet and exercise on functional outcomes among older, overweight long-term cancer survivors: RENEW: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Miriam C Morey.;Denise C Snyder.;Richard Sloane.;Harvey Jay Cohen.;Bercedis Peterson.;Terryl J Hartman.;Paige Miller.;Diane C Mitchell.;Wendy Demark-Wahnefried.
来源: JAMA. 2009年301卷18期1883-91页
Five-year survival rates for early stage colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer currently exceed 90% and are increasing. Cancer survivors are at greater risk for second malignancies, other comorbidities, and accelerated functional decline. Lifestyle interventions may provide benefit, but it is unknown whether long-term cancer survivors can modify their lifestyle behaviors sufficiently to improve functional status.
|