There are few randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of palliative care interventions to improve the care of patients with advanced cancer.

Aspirin reduces risk of colorectal neoplasia in randomized trials and inhibits tumor growth and metastases in animal models. However, the influence of aspirin on survival after diagnosis of colorectal cancer is unknown.

Higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is linked to lower risk for mortality and chronic diseases, but its association with cognitive decline is unclear.

Both higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and more physical activity have been independently associated with lower Alzheimer disease (AD) risk but their combined association has not been investigated.

Both elder self-neglect and abuse have become increasingly prominent public health issues. The association of either elder self-neglect or abuse with mortality remains unclear.

Circulating concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), a large glycoprotein attached to a low-density lipoprotein-like particle, may be associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.

Hypertension is an important preventable risk factor for death among women. While several modifiable risk factors have been identified, their combined risk and distribution in the population have not been assessed.

The lifetime risk of heart failure at age 40 years is approximately 1 in 5 in the general population; however, little is known about the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and the remaining lifetime risk of heart failure.

With improvements in supportive care, both long-term survival following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) and the indications for this procedure have increased. As a result, the number of patients living with long-term toxic effects due to HSCT has increased. A once rare condition of the donor immune cells attacking healthy host tissues, termed chronic graft-vs-host disease, has become a more common phenomenon. When chronic graft-vs-host disease affects the lung tissue, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome ensues. Recent data suggest that bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome may affect up to 6% of HSCT recipients and dramatically alters survival, with overall survival of only 13% at 5 years. These statistics have not improved since the first presentation of this disease over 20 years ago. Challenges to the progress of medical management of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome include difficulties and delays in diagnosis and a paucity of data on pathogenesis to direct new therapies. This article critically evaluates the current diagnostic criteria for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and available treatments. Improvements in survival will likely require early disease recognition, allowing for therapeutic modulation of disease prior to the development of irreversible airway obliteration.

Glioblastomas--uniformly fatal brain tumors--often have both monosomy of chromosome 10 and gains of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene locus on chromosome 7, an association for which the mechanism is poorly understood.

Gliomas, particularly glioblastomas, are among the deadliest of human tumors. Gliomas emerge through the accumulation of recurrent chromosomal alterations, some of which target yet-to-be-discovered cancer genes. A persistent question concerns the biological basis for the coselection of these alterations during gliomagenesis.

Echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) structure and function are heritable phenotypes of cardiovascular disease.