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3941. Early ERCP and papillotomy compared with conservative treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis. The German Study Group on Acute Biliary Pancreatitis.
作者: U R Fölsch.;R Nitsche.;R Lüdtke.;R A Hilgers.;W Creutzfeldt.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷4期237-42页
The role of early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and papillotomy in the treatment of patients who have acute biliary pancreatitis without obstructive jaundice is uncertain.
3942. The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts.
Obstructive changes often occur in aortocoronary saphenous-vein bypass grafts because of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. We studied whether aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels or low-dose anticoagulation would delay the progression of atherosclerosis in grafts.
3943. Medical care costs and quality of life after randomization to coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery. Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators.
作者: M A Hlatky.;W J Rogers.;I Johnstone.;D Boothroyd.;M M Brooks.;B Pitt.;G Reeder.;T Ryan.;H Smith.;P Whitlow.;R Wiens.;D B Mark.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷2期92-9页
Randomized trials comparing coronary angioplasty with bypass surgery in patients with multivessel coronary disease have shown no significant differences in overall rates of death and myocardial infarction. We compared quality of life, employment, and medical care costs during five years of follow-up among patients treated with angioplasty or bypass surgery.
3944. A preliminary evaluation of a recombinant circumsporozoite protein vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. RTS,S Malaria Vaccine Evaluation Group.
作者: J A Stoute.;M Slaoui.;D G Heppner.;P Momin.;K E Kester.;P Desmons.;B T Wellde.;N Garçon.;U Krzych.;M Marchand.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷2期86-91页
The candidate vaccines against malaria are poorly immunogenic and thus have been ineffective in preventing infection. We developed a vaccine based on the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum that incorporates adjuvants selected to enhance the immune response.
3945. Effects of thyroxine supplementation on neurologic development in infants born at less than 30 weeks' gestation.
作者: A G van Wassenaer.;J H Kok.;J J de Vijlder.;J M Briët.;B J Smit.;P Tamminga.;A van Baar.;F W Dekker.;T Vulsma.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷1期21-6页
Premature infants who have transient hypothyroxinemia in the first weeks of life may have developmental delay and neurologic dysfunction. Whether thyroxine treatment during this period results in improved developmental outcomes is not known.
3946. Endoluminal stent-grafts for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms.
作者: U Blum.;G Voshage.;J Lammer.;F Beyersdorf.;D Töllner.;G Kretschmer.;G Spillner.;P Polterauer.;G Nagel.;T Hölzenbein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷1期13-20页
The treatment of aortic aneurysms with endovascular stents or stent-graft prostheses is receiving increasing attention as an alternative to major abdominal surgery. To define the clinical value of this technique, we prospectively studied the use of stent-graft endoprostheses made of nitinol and covered with polyester fabric for the treatment of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms.
3947. Treatment of men with erectile dysfunction with transurethral alprostadil. Medicated Urethral System for Erection (MUSE) Study Group.
作者: H Padma-Nathan.;W J Hellstrom.;F E Kaiser.;R F Labasky.;T F Lue.;W E Nolten.;P C Norwood.;C A Peterson.;R Shabsigh.;P Y Tam.;V A Place.;N Gesundheit.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷1期1-7页
Erectile dysfunction in men is common. We evaluated a system by which alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) is delivered transurethrally to treat this disorder.
3948. Intraperitoneal cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide versus intravenous cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide for stage III ovarian cancer.
作者: D S Alberts.;P Y Liu.;E V Hannigan.;R O'Toole.;S D Williams.;J A Young.;E W Franklin.;D L Clarke-Pearson.;V K Malviya.;B DuBeshter.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷26期1950-5页
Intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard primary therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. We conducted a phase 3 trial to compare the effects of intraperitoneal and intravenous cisplatin on the survival of women with previously untreated, stage III, epithelial ovarian cancer.
3949. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators.
作者: A J Moss.;W J Hall.;D S Cannom.;J P Daubert.;S L Higgins.;H Klein.;J H Levine.;S Saksena.;A L Waldo.;D Wilber.;M W Brown.;M Heo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷26期1933-40页
Unsustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with previous myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction is associated with a two-year mortality rate of about 30 percent. We studied whether prophylactic therapy with an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator, as compared with conventional medical therapy, would improve survival in this high-risk group of patients.
3950. Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously.
作者: E W Ely.;A M Baker.;D P Dunagan.;H L Burke.;A C Smith.;P T Kelly.;M M Johnson.;R W Browder.;D L Bowton.;E F Haponik.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷25期1864-9页
Prompt recognition of the reversal of respiratory failure may permit earlier discontinuation of mechanical ventilation, without harm to the patient.
3951. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal complications in patients with breast cancer and lytic bone metastases. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group.
作者: G N Hortobagyi.;R L Theriault.;L Porter.;D Blayney.;A Lipton.;C Sinoff.;H Wheeler.;J F Simeone.;J Seaman.;R D Knight.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷24期1785-91页
Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate disodium inhibit osteoclast-induced bone resorption associated with cancer that has metastasized to bone.
3952. The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease.
作者: A M Joseph.;S M Norman.;L H Ferry.;A V Prochazka.;E C Westman.;B G Steele.;S E Sherman.;M Cleveland.;D O Antonuccio.;N Hartman.;P G McGovern.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷24期1792-8页
Transdermal nicotine therapy is widely used to aid smoking cessation, but there is uncertainty about its safety in patients with cardiac disease.
3953. Percutaneous radio-frequency neurotomy for chronic cervical zygapophyseal-joint pain.
Chronic pain in the cervical zygapohyseal joints is a common problem after whiplash injury, but treatment is difficult. Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy can relieve the pain by denaturing the nerves innervating the painful joint, but the efficacy of this treatment has not been established.
3954. Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.
Perioperative myocardial ischemia is the single most important potentially reversible risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular complications after noncardiac surgery. Although more than 1 million patients have such complications annually, there is no effective preventive therapy.
3955. Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group.
作者: R S Sperling.;D E Shapiro.;R W Coombs.;J A Todd.;S A Herman.;G D McSherry.;M J O'Sullivan.;R B Van Dyke.;E Jimenez.;C Rouzioux.;P M Flynn.;J L Sullivan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷22期1621-9页
A placebo-controlled trial has shown that treatment with zidovudine reduces the rate at which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is transmitted from mother to infant. We present data from that trial showing the number of infected infants at 18 months of age and the relation between the maternal viral load, the risk of HIV-1 transmission, and the efficacy of zidovudine treatment. Viral cultures were obtained, and HIV-1 RNA was measured by two assays in samples of maternal blood obtained at study entry and at delivery.
3956. Controlled trial of interleukin-2 infusions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
作者: J A Kovacs.;S Vogel.;J M Albert.;J Falloon.;R T Davey.;R E Walker.;M A Polis.;K Spooner.;J A Metcalf.;M Baseler.;G Fyfe.;H C Lane.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷18期1350-6页
Interleukin-2 is a cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes. In preliminary studies, intermittent infusions of interleukin-2 led to increases in CD4 counts in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and more than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. We conducted a controlled study to evaluate the long-term effects of such therapy on both CD4 counts and the viral burden.
3957. Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
作者: E M Antman.;M J Tanasijevic.;B Thompson.;M Schactman.;C H McCabe.;C P Cannon.;G A Fischer.;A Y Fung.;C Thompson.;D Wybenga.;E Braunwald.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷18期1342-9页
In patients with acute coronary syndromes, it is desirable to identify a sensitive serum marker that is closely related to the degree of myocardial damage, provides prognostic information, and can be measured rapidly. We studied the prognostic value of cardiac troponin I levels in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
3958. Cardiac troponin T levels for risk stratification in acute myocardial ischemia. GUSTO IIA Investigators.
作者: E M Ohman.;P W Armstrong.;R H Christenson.;C B Granger.;H A Katus.;C W Hamm.;M A O'Hanesian.;G S Wagner.;N S Kleiman.;F E Harrell.;R M Califf.;E J Topol.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷18期1333-41页
The prognosis of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial ischemia is quite variable. We examined the value of serum levels of cardiac troponin T, serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) levels, and electrocardiographic abnormalities for risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial ischemia.
3959. The effects of preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin on AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
作者: P S Gill.;Y Lunardi-Ishkandar.;S Louie.;A Tulpule.;T Zheng.;B M Espina.;J M Besnier.;P Hermans.;A M Levine.;J L Bryant.;R C Gallo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷17期1261-9页
Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common cancer in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently, certain preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been shown to inhibit the growth of Kaposi's sarcoma cell lines in vitro and in immunodeficient mice.
3960. Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study Group.
作者: M Packer.;C M O'Connor.;J K Ghali.;M L Pressler.;P E Carson.;R N Belkin.;A B Miller.;G W Neuberg.;D Frid.;J H Wertheimer.;A B Cropp.;D L DeMets.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1107-14页
Previous studies have shown that calcium-channel blockers increase morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. We studied the effect of a new calcium-channel blocker, amlodipine, in patients with severe chronic heart failure.
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