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3841. Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort Study Group.
作者: D Hosking.;C E Chilvers.;C Christiansen.;P Ravn.;R Wasnich.;P Ross.;M McClung.;A Balske.;D Thompson.;M Daley.;A J Yates.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷8期485-92页
Estrogen-replacement therapy prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by inhibiting bone resorption, but the balance between its long-term risks and benefits remains unclear. Whether other antiresorptive therapies can prevent osteoporosis in these women is also not clear.
3842. A comparison of botulinum toxin and saline for the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
作者: G Maria.;E Cassetta.;D Gui.;G Brisinda.;A R Bentivoglio.;A Albanese.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷4期217-20页
Chronic anal fissure is a tear in the lower half of the anal canal that is maintained by contraction of the internal anal sphincter. Sphincterotomy, the most widely used treatment, is a surgical procedure that permanently weakens the internal sphincter and may lead to anal deformity and incontinence.
3843. Differential behavioral effects of gonadal steroids in women with and in those without premenstrual syndrome.
作者: P J Schmidt.;L K Nieman.;M A Danaceau.;L F Adams.;D R Rubinow.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷4期209-16页
The symptoms of women with premenstrual syndrome improve in response to suppression of ovarian function, although these women have no evidence of ovarian dysfunction. We undertook a study to determine the role of estrogen and progesterone in this syndrome.
3844. Interleukin-2-receptor blockade with daclizumab to prevent acute rejection in renal transplantation. Daclizumab Triple Therapy Study Group.
作者: F Vincenti.;R Kirkman.;S Light.;G Bumgardner.;M Pescovitz.;P Halloran.;J Neylan.;A Wilkinson.;H Ekberg.;R Gaston.;L Backman.;J Burdick.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷3期161-5页
Monoclonal antibodies that block the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expressed on alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes may cause selective immunosuppression. Daclizumab is a genetically engineered human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor and may thus reduce the risk of rejection after renal transplantation.
3845. The role of a common variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study Group.
作者: J A Kuivenhoven.;J W Jukema.;A H Zwinderman.;P de Knijff.;R McPherson.;A V Bruschke.;K I Lie.;J J Kastelein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷2期86-93页
The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration is inversely related to the risk of coronary artery disease. The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has a central role in the metabolism of this lipoprotein and may therefore alter the susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
3846. Relation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
作者: L Bartalena.;C Marcocci.;F Bogazzi.;L Manetti.;M L Tanda.;E Dell'Unto.;G Bruno-Bossio.;M Nardi.;M P Bartolomei.;A Lepri.;G Rossi.;E Martino.;A Pinchera.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷2期73-8页
The chief clinical characteristics of Graves' disease are hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy. The relation between the two and the effect of treatment for hyperthyroidism on ophthalmopathy are unclear.
3847. Leukocyte reduction and ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets to prevent alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions.
We conducted a multi-institutional, randomized, blinded trial to determine whether the use of platelets from which leukocytes had been removed by a filter or that had been treated with ultraviolet B irradiation would prevent the formation of antiplatelet alloantibodies and refractoriness to platelet transfusions.
3848. Monitoring women at risk for preterm labor.
作者: D C Dyson.;K H Danbe.;J A Bamber.;Y M Crites.;D R Field.;J A Maier.;L A Newman.;D A Ray.;D L Walton.;M A Armstrong.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷1期15-9页
Preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Whether the rate of preterm birth can be reduced by frequent contact between nurses and pregnant women or home monitoring of uterine activity is not known.
3849. A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias.
Patients who survive life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are at risk for recurrent arrhythmias. They can be treated with either an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or antiarrhythmic drugs, but the relative efficacy of these two treatment strategies is unknown.
3850. Absence of toxicity of oats in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.
作者: C M Hardman.;J J Garioch.;J N Leonard.;H J Thomas.;M M Walker.;J E Lortan.;A Lister.;L Fry.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷26期1884-7页
People with gluten sensitivity should avoid foods containing wheat, rye, and barley, but there has been debate about whether they should avoid oats. Although patients with celiac disease have recently been shown to tolerate oats, less is known about the effects of oats on patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.
3851. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto.
作者: P Rebulla.;G Finazzi.;F Marangoni.;G Avvisati.;L Gugliotta.;G Tognoni.;T Barbui.;F Mandelli.;G Sirchia.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷26期1870-5页
Prophylactic platelet transfusions are usually administered to patients receiving myelotoxic chemotherapy when their platelet count falls below 20,000 per cubic millimeter. Some observations suggest that lower platelet counts can be appropriate in patients in stable condition, but the safety of lower thresholds is uncertain.
3852. Lamotrigine for generalized seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Lamictal Lennox-Gastaut Study Group.
作者: J Motte.;E Trevathan.;J F Arvidsson.;M N Barrera.;E L Mullens.;P Manasco.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷25期1807-12页
The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a severe form of epilepsy that usually begins in early childhood, is difficult to treat. Dose-related drug toxicity is common.
3853. Transvaginal ultrasonography compared with endometrial biopsy for the detection of endometrial disease. Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial.
作者: R D Langer.;J J Pierce.;K A O'Hanlan.;S R Johnson.;M A Espeland.;J F Trabal.;V M Barnabei.;M J Merino.;R E Scully.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷25期1792-8页
Transvaginal ultrasonography is a noninvasive procedure that may be used to detect endometrial disease. However, its usefulness in screening for asymptomatic disease in postmenopausal women before or during treatment with estrogen or estrogen-progesterone replacement is not known.
3854. Preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after heart surgery.
作者: E G Daoud.;S A Strickberger.;K C Man.;R Goyal.;G M Deeb.;S F Bolling.;F D Pagani.;C Bitar.;M D Meissner.;F Morady.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷25期1785-91页
Atrial fibrillation occurs commonly after open-heart surgery and may delay hospital discharge. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.
3855. Effect of ticlopidine on the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts in the legs. Etude de la Ticlopidine après Pontage Fémoro-Poplité and the Association Universitaire de Recherche en Chirurgie.
Optimal therapy to prevent late occlusion of arterial bypass grafts in the legs has not been determined. We assessed the effect of ticlopidine, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, on the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease.
3856. Epidural analgesia compared with combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labor in nulliparous women.
作者: M P Nageotte.;D Larson.;P J Rumney.;M Sidhu.;K Hollenbach.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷24期1715-9页
Among nulliparous women, there appears to be an association between the use of epidural analgesia during labor and an increased risk of dystocia. We tested the hypothesis that combined spinal-epidural analgesia, which permits ambulation during labor, is associated with a lower incidence of dystocia than continuous lumbar epidural analgesia.
3857. A comparison of beclomethasone, salmeterol, and placebo in children with asthma. Canadian Beclomethasone Dipropionate-Salmeterol Xinafoate Study Group.
An inhaled glucocorticoid is currently the medication of choice for long-term control of persistent asthma in children. The role of long-acting beta2-adrenergic-receptor agonists, such as salmeterol, needs to be defined.
3858. Emergency room triage of patients with acute chest pain by means of rapid testing for cardiac troponin T or troponin I.
作者: C W Hamm.;B U Goldmann.;C Heeschen.;G Kreymann.;J Berger.;T Meinertz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷23期1648-53页
Evaluation of patients with acute chest pain in emergency rooms is time-consuming and expensive, and it often results in uncertain diagnoses. We prospectively investigated the usefulness of bedside tests for the detection of cardiac troponin T and troponin I in the evaluation of patients with acute chest pain.
3859. Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women.
作者: P D Delmas.;N H Bjarnason.;B H Mitlak.;A C Ravoux.;A S Shah.;W J Huster.;M Draper.;C Christiansen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷23期1641-7页
Long-term estrogen therapy can reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. At present, however, these beneficial effects are not separable from undesirable stimulation of breast and endometrial tissues.
3860. Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patch Trial Investigators.
Patients with coronary heart disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and abnormalities on signal-averaged electrocardiograms have an increased risk sudden death. We evaluated the effect on survival of the prophylactic implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators in such patients at the time of coronary-artery bypass surgery.
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