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3801. Mifepristone (RU 486) compared with high-dose estrogen and progestogen for emergency postcoital contraception.
Mifepristone (RU 486) is a synthetic steroid with potent antiprogestational and antiglucocorticoid properties that provides an effective medical method of inducing abortion in early pregnancy. Since progesterone is essential for implantation, we tested the use of mifepristone for emergency postcoital contraception.
3802. Plasmapheresis for lupus nephritis.3803. A comparison of electrophysiologically guided antiarrhythmic drug therapy with beta-blocker therapy in patients with symptomatic, sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
作者: G Steinbeck.;D Andresen.;P Bach.;R Haberl.;M Oeff.;E Hoffmann.;E R von Leitner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷14期987-92页
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy guided by invasive electrophysiologic testing is now widely used in patients with symptomatic, sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
3804. A controlled trial of a single dose of azithromycin for the treatment of chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis. The Azithromycin for Chlamydial Infections Study Group.
作者: D H Martin.;T F Mroczkowski.;Z A Dalu.;J McCarty.;R B Jones.;S J Hopkins.;R B Johnson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷13期921-5页
Currently, there is no single-dose therapy that is effective in the treatment of urethral or endocervical infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. Azithromycin is a new azalide antibiotic that has substantial activity against C. trachomatis, is concentrated intracellularly, and has a long half-life in serum and tissue.
3805. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators.
作者: M A Pfeffer.;E Braunwald.;L A Moyé.;L Basta.;E J Brown.;T E Cuddy.;B R Davis.;E M Geltman.;S Goldman.;G C Flaker.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷10期669-77页
Left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after myocardial infarction are major predictors of death. In experimental and clinical studies, longterm therapy with the angiotensin-converting--enzyme inhibitor captopril attenuated ventricular dilatation and remodeling. We investigated whether captopril could reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction.
3806. A comparison of valproate with carbamazepine for the treatment of complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults. The Department of Veterans Affairs Epilepsy Cooperative Study No. 264 Group.
Valproate is approved for use primarily in patients with absence seizures, but the drug has a broad spectrum of activity against seizures of all types. Partial or secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures are often difficult to control adequately with standard treatment, usually carbamazepine or phenytoin.
3807. Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II).
作者: K Swedberg.;P Held.;J Kjekshus.;K Rasmussen.;L Rydén.;H Wedel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷10期678-84页
Long-term administration of angiotensin-converting--enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has been shown to improve survival in patients with symptomatic left ventricular failure and to attenuate left ventricular dilatation in patients with myocardial infarction. We studied whether mortality could be reduced during the 6 months after an acute myocardial infarction with use of the ACE inhibitor enalapril.
3808. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions.
It is not known whether the treatment of patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction reduces mortality and morbidity. We studied the effect of an angiotensin-converting--enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, on total mortality and mortality from cardiovascular causes, the development of heart failure, and hospitalization for heart failure among patients with ejection fractions of 0.35 or less who were not receiving drug treatment for heart failure.
3809. Methylprednisolone plus chlorambucil as compared with methylprednisolone alone for the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The Italian Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy Treatment Study Group.
Treatment with methylprednisolone and chlorambucil may protect renal function and increase the chance of remission of the nephrotic syndrome in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. To determine whether similar results might be obtained with methylprednisolone alone, we compared the effects of methylprednisolone and chlorambucil with those of methylprednisolone alone in 92 patients with the nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either alternating one-month courses of methylprednisolone and then chlorambucil for a total of six months (group 1) or methylprednisolone alone for six months at the same cumulative dosage (group 2).
3810. A randomized comparison of transcervical and transabdominal chorionic-villus sampling. The U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Chorionic-Villus Sampling and Amniocentesis Study Group.
作者: L G Jackson.;J M Zachary.;S E Fowler.;R J Desnick.;M S Golbus.;D H Ledbetter.;M J Mahoney.;E Pergament.;J L Simpson.;S Black.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷9期594-8页
Chorionic-villus sampling is done in early pregnancy to obtain fetal cells for the prenatal diagnosis of genetic and chromosomal defects. Transcervical chorionic-villus sampling has been shown to be safe and effective in national trials. Recently, an alternative transabdominal technique has been suggested as potentially easier and safer.
3811. A controlled trial comparing continued zidovudine with didanosine in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: J O Kahn.;S W Lagakos.;D D Richman.;A Cross.;C Pettinelli.;S H Liou.;M Brown.;P A Volberding.;C S Crumpacker.;G Beall.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷9期581-7页
Although zidovudine is effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, its efficacy may decline with prolonged use. Didanosine is another inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase. We evaluated the effectiveness of changing anti-HIV treatment from zidovudine to didanosine.
3812. Treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma with dacarbazine plus tamoxifen.
作者: G Cocconi.;M Bella.;F Calabresi.;M Tonato.;R Canaletti.;C Boni.;F Buzzi.;G Ceci.;E Corgna.;P Costa.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷8期516-23页
Endocrine factors may affect the clinical course of malignant melanoma and the response to the treatment of this disease. The presence of estrogen receptors in melanomas has been suggested, and occasional responses to antiestrogen therapy have been reported.
3813. A controlled trial of a formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in healthy children.
作者: A Werzberger.;B Mensch.;B Kuter.;L Brown.;J Lewis.;R Sitrin.;W Miller.;D Shouval.;B Wiens.;G Calandra.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷7期453-7页
Although inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is known to be well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy children and adults, its efficacy has yet to be established.
3814. Treatment of preterm labor with the beta-adrenergic agonist ritodrine.
Beta-adrenergic agonists are commonly used to arrest premature labor. Although treatment of preterm labor with these agents can delay delivery by 24 to 48 hours, the potential risks and benefits to the mother and infant before and after delivery have not been adequately assessed.
3816. Intravenous immune globulin for the prevention of nosocomial infection in low-birth-weight neonates. The Multicenter Group for the Study of Immune Globulin in Neonates.
作者: C J Baker.;M E Melish.;R T Hall.;D T Casto.;U Vasan.;L B Givner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷4期213-9页
Nosocomial infection is a major risk for premature infants with very low birth weights. One reason for their susceptibility to infection may be antibody deficiency, since there is little transfer of maternal IgG to the fetus before 32 weeks' gestation.
3818. Do the results of randomized clinical trials of cardiovascular drugs influence medical practice? The SAVE Investigators.
作者: G A Lamas.;M A Pfeffer.;P Hamm.;J Wertheimer.;J L Rouleau.;E Braunwald.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1992年327卷4期241-7页
Medical practice patterns change in response to a variety of stimuli, one of which may be the publication of the results of randomized clinical trials. We assessed the temporal association between the publication of clinical trials on myocardial infarction and changes in treatment practices for this disorder.
3819. Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction.
The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) tested the hypothesis that the suppression of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic ventricular premature depolarizations in survivors of myocardial infarction would decrease the number of deaths from ventricular arrhythmias and improve overall survival. The second CAST study (CAST-II) tested this hypothesis with a comparison of moricizine and placebo.
3820. High-osmolality and low-osmolality contrast agents. |