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361. Nicotine treatment improves Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 9 responsiveness in active pulmonary sarcoidosis.
作者: Mark W Julian.;Guohong Shao.;Larry S Schlesinger.;Qin Huang.;David G Cosmar.;Nitin Y Bhatt.;Daniel A Culver.;Robert P Baughman.;Karen L Wood.;Elliott D Crouser.
来源: Chest. 2013年143卷2期461-470页
New evidence links nicotine to the regulation of T cell-mediated inflammation via a 7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor activation, and chronic nicotine exposure (smoking) reduces the incidence of granulomatous diseases. We sought to determine whether nicotine treatment was well tolerated while effectively normalizing immune responses in patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis.
362. Identifying elements of ICU care that families report as important but unsatisfactory: decision-making, control, and ICU atmosphere.
作者: Tristan R Osborn.;J Randall Curtis.;Elizabeth L Nielsen.;Anthony L Back.;Sarah E Shannon.;Ruth A Engelberg.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷5期1185-1192页
One in fi ve deaths in the United States occurs in the ICU, and many of these deaths are experienced as less than optimal by families of dying people. The current study investigated the relationship between family satisfaction with ICU care and overall ratings of the quality of dying as a means of identifying targets for improving end-of-life experiences for patients and families.
363. The effect of placebo conditioning on capsaicin-evoked urge to cough.
The urge to cough is a clinical symptom of respiratory disease that precedes the motor act of coughing. Although previous studies have shown that cough is particularly susceptible to placebo suppression, it is unclear whether the perception of an urge to cough is also modifiable by placebo. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that capsaicin-evoked urge to cough could be suppressed by placebo conditioning.
364. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist vs pressure support ventilation for noninvasive ventilation during acute respiratory failure: a crossover physiologic study.
作者: Pierre-Marie Bertrand.;Emmanuel Futier.;Yannael Coisel.;Stefan Matecki.;Samir Jaber.;Jean-Michel Constantin.
来源: Chest. 2013年143卷1期30-36页
Patient-ventilator asynchrony is common during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with pressure support ventilation (PSV). We examined the effect of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) delivered through a facemask on synchronization in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).
365. Oral treprostinil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients on background endothelin receptor antagonist and/or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy (the FREEDOM-C study): a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Victor F Tapson.;Fernando Torres.;Fiona Kermeen.;Anne M Keogh.;Roblee P Allen.;Robert P Frantz.;David B Badesch.;Adaani E Frost.;Shelley M Shapiro.;Kevin Laliberte.;Jeffrey Sigman.;Carl Arneson.;Nazzareno Galiè.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷6期1383-1390页
Infused and inhaled treprostinil are effective for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), although their administration routes have limitations. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of bid oral sustained-release treprostinil in the treatment of PAH with a concomitant endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and/or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor.
366. Effect of azithromycin on systemic markers of inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis uninfected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
作者: Felix Ratjen.;Lisa Saiman.;Nicole Mayer-Hamblett.;Larry C Lands.;Margaret Kloster.;Valeria Thompson.;Peggy Emmett.;Bruce Marshall.;Frank Accurso.;Scott Sagel.;Michael Anstead.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷5期1259-1266页
While the mechanism of action by which azithromycin exerts positive effects inpatients with cystic fibrosis remains unclear, evidence suggests that azithromycin may act as an immunomodulatory agent. We examined changes in systemic inflammatory markers in a doubleblind, randomized, controlled trial of oral azithromycin in patients 6-18 years of age with cystic fibrosis who were uninfected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
367. The cardiopulmonary effects of vasopressin compared with norepinephrine in septic shock.
作者: Anthony C Gordon.;Nan Wang.;Keith R Walley.;Deborah Ashby.;James A Russell.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷3期593-605页
Vasopressin is known to be an effective vasopressor in the treatment of septic shock, but uncertainty remains about its effect on other hemodynamic parameters.
368. Complete unilateral vs partial bilateral endoscopic lung volume reduction in patients with bilateral lung emphysema.
作者: Ralf Eberhardt.;Daniela Gompelmann.;Maren Schuhmann.;Hannah Reinhardt.;Armin Ernst.;Claus P Heussel.;Felix J F Herth.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷4期900-908页
Intrabronchial valve placement for endoscopic lung volume reduction is used for patients with severe lung emphysema. Different treatment approaches are unilateral valve placement with the goal of complete occlusion and subsequent atelectasis leading to true volume reduction vs bilateral partial closure aiming for redistribution of ventilation but avoiding atelectasis. In this prospective pilot trial, we compared the efficacy of these treatment approaches.
369. A multicenter study on chronic cough in children : burden and etiologies based on a standardized management pathway.
作者: Anne B Chang.;Colin F Robertson.;Peter P Van Asperen.;Nicholas J Glasgow.;Craig M Mellis.;I Brent Masters.;Laurel Teoh.;Irene Tjhung.;Peter S Morris.;Helen L Petsky.;Carol Willis.;Lou I Landau.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷4期943-950页
While the burden of chronic cough in children has been documented, etiologic factors across multiple settings and age have not been described. In children with chronic cough, we aimed (1) to evaluate the burden and etiologies using a standard management pathway in various settings, and (2) to determine the influence of age and setting on disease burden and etiologies and etiology on disease burden. We hypothesized that the etiology, but not the burden, of chronic cough in children is dependent on the clinical setting and age.
370. Response to add-on inhaled corticosteroids in COPD based on airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol.
作者: Andreas Scherr.;Salome Schafroth Török.;Anja Jochmann.;David Miedinger.;Sabrina Maier.;Anne B Taegtmeyer.;Prashant N Chhajed.;Michael Tamm.;Joerg D Leuppi.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷4期919-926页
The use of inhaled corticosteroids in mild to moderate COPD is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol might identify patients who are likely to respond to add-on inhaled corticosteroids.
371. Patient-ventilator asynchrony during noninvasive ventilation: a bench and clinical study.
作者: Guillaume Carteaux.;Aissam Lyazidi.;Ana Cordoba-Izquierdo.;Laurence Vignaux.;Philippe Jolliet.;Arnaud W Thille.;Jean-Christophe M Richard.;Laurent Brochard.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷2期367-376页
Different kinds of ventilators are available to perform noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in ICUs. Which type allows the best patient-ventilator synchrony is unknown. The objective was to compare patient-ventilator synchrony during NIV between ICU, transport—both with and without the NIV algorithm engaged—and dedicated NIV ventilators.
372. Ivacaftor in subjects with cystic fibrosis who are homozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation.
作者: Patrick A Flume.;Theodore G Liou.;Drucy S Borowitz.;Haihong Li.;Karl Yen.;Claudia L Ordoñez.;David E Geller.; .
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷3期718-724页
Ivacaftor (VX-770) is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator that was approved in the United States for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients ≥ 6 years of age who have a G551D mutation; however, the most prevalent disease-causing CFTR mutation, F508del, causes a different functional defect. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety of ivacaftor in a larger population and for a longer time period than tested previously and to assess the efficacy of ivacaftor in subjects with CF who are homozygous for F508del-CFTR.
373. ADRB2 polymorphisms and budesonide/formoterol responses in COPD.
作者: Eugene R Bleecker.;Deborah A Meyers.;William C Bailey.;Anne-Marie Sims.;Sarah R Bujac.;Mitch Goldman.;Ubaldo J Martin.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷2期320-328页
Effects of β(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) polymorphism on therapeutic responses to long-acting β(2)-adrenergic agonists have not been evaluated in long-term COPD trials. We aimed to investigate the effects of the ADRB2 Gly16Arg polymorphism on response to formoterol alone or in combination with the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide in patients with COPD.
374. Asthma action plans and patient satisfaction among women with asthma.
作者: Minal R Patel.;Melissa A Valerio.;Georgiana Sanders.;Lara J Thomas.;Noreen M Clark.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷5期1143-1149页
Asthma action plans (AAPs) are a priority recommendation of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program and have been shown to positively affect health outcomes. Patient satisfaction is an important clinical outcome, yet little is known about its association with receiving an AAP. This study examined the association between having an AAP and behaviors to keep asthma in control and patient satisfaction with care.
375. The role of conventional bronchoscopy in the workup of suspicious CT scan screen-detected pulmonary nodules.
作者: Susan C van 't Westeinde.;Nanda Horeweg.;René M Vernhout.;Harry J M Groen.;Jan-Willem J Lammers.;Carla Weenink.;Kristiaan Nackaerts.;Matthijs Oudkerk.;Willem Mali.;Frederik B Thunnissen.;Harry J de Koning.;Rob J van Klaveren.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷2期377-384页
Up to 50% of the participants in CT scan lung cancer screening trials have at least one pulmonary nodule. To date, the role of conventional bronchoscopy in the workup of suspicious screen-detected pulmonary nodules is unknown. If a bronchoscopic evaluation could be eliminated, the cost-effectiveness of a screening program could be enhanced and the potential harms of bronchoscopy avoided.
376. Long-term auto-servoventilation or constant positive pressure in heart failure and coexisting central with obstructive sleep apnea.
作者: Winfried J Randerath.;Gregor Nothofer.;Christina Priegnitz.;Norbert Anduleit.;Marcel Treml.;Victoria Kehl.;Wolfgang Galetke.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷2期440-447页
The coexistence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). While CPAP improves CSA/CSR by about 50%, maximal suppression is crucial in improving clinical outcomes. Auto-servoventilation (ASV) effectively suppresses CSA/CSR in HF, but few trials have been performed in patients with coexisting OSA and CSA/CSR. Our objective was to evaluate a randomized, controlled trial to compare the efficacy of ASV and CPAP in reducing breathing disturbances and improving cardiac parameters in patients with HF and coexisting sleep-disordered breathing.
377. Effect of combined remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning on pulmonary function in valvular heart surgery.
作者: Jong-Chan Kim.;Jae-Kwang Shim.;Sak Lee.;Young-Chul Yoo.;So-Young Yang.;Young-Lan Kwak.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷2期467-475页
The aim of this study was to evaluate the lung-protective effect of combined remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPCpre) and postconditioning (RIPCpost) in patients undergoing complex valvular heart surgery.
378. The efficacy and safety of the novel long-acting β2 agonist vilanterol in patients with COPD: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Nicola A Hanania.;Gregory Feldman.;Wolfgang Zachgo.;Jae-Jeong Shim.;Courtney Crim.;Lisa Sanford.;Sally Lettis.;Frank Barnhart.;Brett Haumann.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷1期119-127页
Vilanterol (GW642444M) (VI) is a novel, inhaled, long-acting β(2) agonist with inherent 24-h activity under development as a once-daily combination therapy with an inhaled corticosteroid for COPD and asthma. This study assessed the dose response, efficacy, and safety of VI at doses of 3 to 50 μg in patients with moderate to severe COPD.
379. The association between a Darc gene polymorphism and clinical outcomes in African American patients with acute lung injury.
作者: Kirsten Neudoerffer Kangelaris.;Anil Sapru.;Carolyn S Calfee.;Kathleen D Liu.;Ludmila Pawlikowska.;John S Witte.;Eric Vittinghoff.;Hanjing Zhuo.;Andrew D Auerbach.;Elad Ziv.;Michael A Matthay.; .
来源: Chest. 2012年141卷5期1160-1169页
Acute lung injury (ALI) mortality is increased among African Americans compared with Americans of European descent, and genetic factors may be involved. A functional T-46C polymorphism (rs2814778) in the promoter region of Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (Darc) gene, present almost exclusively in people of African descent, results in isolated erythrocyte DARC deficiency and has been implicated in ALI pathogenesis in preclinical and murine models, possibly because of an increase in circulating Duffy-binding, proinflammatory chemokines like IL-8. We sought to determine the effect of the functional rs2814778 polymorphism, C/C genotype (Duffy null state), on clinical outcomes in African Americans with acute lung injury.
380. Questionnaires and pocket spirometers provide an alternative approach for COPD screening in the general population.
作者: Steven B Nelson.;Lisa M LaVange.;Yonghong Nie.;John W Walsh.;Paul L Enright.;Fernando J Martinez.;David M Mannino.;Byron M Thomashow.
来源: Chest. 2012年142卷2期358-366页
In response to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality statement questioning the usefulness of “screening spirometry,” the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the COPD Foundation held a consensus conference in June 2008 to establish a procedure to detect cases of COPD in the general population. Conference participants developed a three-stage approach, using a brief questionnaire, peak flow measurement with a pocket spirometer, and diagnostic quality spirometry. The overall objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of a simple questionnaire and peak flow measurement in screening for COPD in a self-selected population. We hypothesized that this combination would efficiently screen for clinically relevant COPD.
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