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361. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group.
作者: M D Flather.;S Yusuf.;L Køber.;M Pfeffer.;A Hall.;G Murray.;C Torp-Pedersen.;S Ball.;J Pogue.;L Moyé.;E Braunwald.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9215期1575-81页
We undertook a prospective systematic overview based on data from individual patients from five long-term randomised trials that assessed inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction or heart failure.
362. Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9214期1491-8页
In advanced prostate cancer, androgen suppression (AS) by surgery or drugs controls testicular hormone secretion, and the further addition of an antiandrogen such as nilutamide, flutamide, or cyproterone acetate is referred to as maximum androgen blockade (MAB). The aim of this overview was to compare the effects on the duration of survival of MAB and of AS alone.
363. Directly observed therapy and treatment adherence.
Direct observation of patients taking their medication is a strategy to improve completion rates for tuberculosis treatment, but the programmes to implement this approach consist of a complex array of inputs aimed at influencing adherence. Policy makers need a clear understanding of these inputs to succeed. We systematically identified and reviewed published reports of direct observation therapy (DOT) programmes and compared inputs with WHO's short-course DOT programme. DOT programmes frequently consist of more than the five elements of WHO's strategy, including incentives, tracing of defaulters, legal sanctions, patient-centred approaches, staff motivation, supervision, and additional external funds. Focusing on direct observation as a key factor in the promotion of adherence seems inappropriate. Multiple components might account for the success of DOT programmes, and WHO should make these explicit.
364. Chemotherapy added to locoregional treatment for head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma: three meta-analyses of updated individual data. MACH-NC Collaborative Group. Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy on Head and Neck Cancer.
Despite more than 70 randomised trials, the effect of chemotherapy on non-metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma remains uncertain. We did three meta-analyses of the impact of survival on chemotherapy added to locoregional treatment.
365. Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justifiable?
A 1999 study found no decrease in breast-cancer mortality in Sweden, where screening has been recommended since 1985. We therefore reviewed the methodological quality of the mammography trials and an influential Swedish meta-analysis, and did a meta-analysis ourselves.
366. Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: a meta-analysis.
作者: P von Dadelszen.;M P Ornstein.;S B Bull.;A G Logan.;G Koren.;L A Magee.
来源: Lancet. 2000年355卷9198期87-92页
We investigated the relation between fetoplacental growth and the use of oral antihypertensive medication to treat mild-to-moderate pregnancy hypertension.
367. Pharmacological strategies to decrease excessive blood loss in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of clinically relevant endpoints.
作者: M Levi.;M E Cromheecke.;E de Jonge.;M H Prins.;B J de Mol.;E Briët.;H R Büller.
来源: Lancet. 1999年354卷9194期1940-7页
Excessive bleeding may complicate cardiac surgery, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological strategies to decrease perioperative bleeding have been investigated in a large number of controlled trials, most of which have shown a decrease in blood loss. However, most studies lacked sufficient power to detect a beneficial effect on clinically more relevant outcomes. We did a meta-analysis of all randomised, controlled trials of the three most frequently used pharmacological strategies to decrease perioperative blood loss (aprotinin, lysine analogues [aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid], and desmopressin).
368. Efficacy of cervical-smear collection devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Few randomised controlled trials have sufficient power to show clear advantages of different designs of cervical-smear collection devices. We studied by systematic review whether the design of cervical-smear devices affects rates of inadequate smears and detection of disease and whether the presence of endocervical cells in the smear affects detection of disease.
371. Randomised controlled trials of ursodeoxycholic-acid therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis: a meta-analysis.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only approved treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis, but its effect on disease progression and survival is uncertain. The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of UDCA in primary biliary cirrhosis.
372. Antihypertensive drugs in very old people: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INDANA Group.
作者: F Gueyffier.;C Bulpitt.;J P Boissel.;E Schron.;T Ekbom.;R Fagard.;E Casiglia.;K Kerlikowske.;J Coope.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9155期793-6页
Beneficial clinical effects of treatment with antihypertensive drugs have been shown in middle-aged patients and in those hypertensive patients over 60 years old, but whether treatment is beneficial in patients over 80 years old is not known.
373. Predictive value of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for relapse rate and changes in disability or impairment in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Gadolinium MRI Meta-analysis Group.
作者: L Kappos.;D Moeri.;E W Radue.;A Schoetzau.;K Schweikert.;F Barkhof.;D Miller.;C R Guttmann.;H L Weiner.;C Gasperini.;M Filippi.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9157期964-9页
Reliable prognostic factors are lacking for multiple sclerosis (MS). Gadolinium enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain detects with high sensitivity disturbance of the blood-brain barrier, an early event in the development of inflammatory lesions in MS. To investigate the prognostic value of gadolinium-enhanced MRI, we did a meta-analysis of longitudinal MRI studies.
374. Zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine in the treatment of HIV infection: meta-analyses of the randomised evidence. HIV Trialists' Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 1999年353卷9169期2014-25页
To assess the effects of zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine on HIV disease progression and survival, we undertook meta-analyses of individual patient data and tabular data from all randomised trials that compared these agents.
375. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer.
来源: Lancet. 1997年350卷9084期1047-59页
The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer has brought together and reanalysed about 90% of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on the relation between risk of breast cancer and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
376. Systematic review of early prediction of poor outcome in anoxic-ischaemic coma.
作者: E G Zandbergen.;R J de Haan.;C P Stoutenbeek.;J H Koelman.;A Hijdra.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9143期1808-12页
Studies to assess the prognostic value of early neurological and neurophysiological findings in patients with anoxic-ischaemic coma have not led to precise, generally accepted, prognostic rules. We did a systematic review of the relevant literature to assess whether such rules could be derived from the combined results of these studies.
377. Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9132期930-42页
There have been many randomised trials of adjuvant prolonged polychemotherapy among women with early breast cancer, and an updated overview of their results is presented.
378. Postoperative radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from nine randomised controlled trials. PORT Meta-analysis Trialists Group.
来源: Lancet. 1998年352卷9124期257-63页
The role of postoperative radiotherapy in treatment of patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence from randomised trials.
380. Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group.
来源: Lancet. 1998年351卷9114期1451-67页
There have been many randomised trials of adjuvant tamoxifen among women with early breast cancer, and an updated overview of their results is presented.
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