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3741. Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide.
作者: A T Turrisi.;K Kim.;R Blum.;W T Sause.;R B Livingston.;R Komaki.;H Wagner.;S Aisner.;D H Johnson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷4期265-71页
For small-cell lung cancer confined to one hemithorax (limited small-cell lung cancer), thoracic radiotherapy improves survival, but the best ways of integrating chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy remain unsettled. Twice-daily accelerated thoracic radiotherapy has potential advantages over once-daily radiotherapy.
3742. A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate.
作者: M E Weinblatt.;J M Kremer.;A D Bankhurst.;K J Bulpitt.;R M Fleischmann.;R I Fox.;C G Jackson.;M Lange.;D J Burge.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷4期253-9页
Patients treated with methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis often improve but continue to have active disease. This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of etanercept, a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75):Fc fusion protein (TNFR:Fc), to methotrexate therapy would provide additional benefit to patients who had persistent rheumatoid arthritis despite receiving methotrexate.
3743. Reduction of cisplatin-induced emesis by a selective neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist. L-754,030 Antiemetic Trials Group.
作者: R M Navari.;R R Reinhardt.;R J Gralla.;M G Kris.;P J Hesketh.;A Khojasteh.;H Kindler.;T H Grote.;K Pendergrass.;S M Grunberg.;A D Carides.;B J Gertz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷3期190-5页
The localization of substance P in brain-stem regions associated with vomiting, and the results of studies in ferrets, led us to postulate that a neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist would be an antiemetic in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy.
3744. Efficacy of superovulation and intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility. National Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network.
作者: D S Guzick.;S A Carson.;C Coutifaris.;J W Overstreet.;P Factor-Litvak.;M P Steinkampf.;J A Hill.;L Mastroianni.;J E Buster.;S T Nakajima.;D L Vogel.;R E Canfield.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷3期177-83页
Induction of superovulation with gonadotropins and intrauterine insemination are frequently used to treat infertility. We conducted a large, randomized, controlled clinical trial of these treatments.
3745. Calcium supplements for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. Calcium Polyp Prevention Study Group.
作者: J A Baron.;M Beach.;J S Mandel.;R U van Stolk.;R W Haile.;R S Sandler.;R Rothstein.;R W Summers.;D C Snover.;G J Beck.;J H Bond.;E R Greenberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷2期101-7页
Laboratory, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence suggests that calcium may help prevent colorectal adenomas. We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of the effect of supplementation with calcium carbonate on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. We randomly assigned 930 subjects (mean age, 61 years; 72 percent men) with a recent history of colorectal adenomas to receive either calcium carbonate (3 g [1200 mg of elemental calcium] daily) or placebo, with follow-up colonoscopies one and four years after the qualifying examination. The primary end point was the proportion of subjects in whom at least one adenoma was detected after the first follow-up endoscopy but up to (and including) the second follow-up examination. Risk ratios for the recurrence of adenomas were adjusted for age, sex, lifetime number of adenomas before the study, clinical center, and length of the surveillance period.
3746. A randomized, controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent sexually transmitted disease among minority women.
作者: R N Shain.;J M Piper.;E R Newton.;S T Perdue.;R Ramos.;J D Champion.;F A Guerra.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷2期93-100页
African-American and Hispanic women are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted diseases, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the effort to reduce infection rates, it is important to create and evaluate behavioral interventions that are specific to the target populations.
3747. Intermittent administration of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis Inhaled Tobramycin Study Group.
作者: B W Ramsey.;M S Pepe.;J M Quan.;K L Otto.;A B Montgomery.;J Williams-Warren.;M Vasiljev-K.;D Borowitz.;C M Bowman.;B C Marshall.;S Marshall.;A L Smith.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷1期23-30页
We conducted two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of intermittent administration of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. A total of 520 patients (mean age, 21 years) were randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg of inhaled tobramycin or placebo twice daily for four weeks, followed by four weeks with no study drug. Patients received treatment or placebo in three on-off cycles for a total of 24 weeks. The end points included pulmonary function, the density of P. aeruginosa in sputum, and hospitalization.
3748. A comparison of two antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters. Catheter Study Group.
作者: R O Darouiche.;I I Raad.;S O Heard.;J I Thornby.;O C Wenker.;A Gabrielli.;J Berg.;N Khardori.;H Hanna.;R Hachem.;R L Harris.;G Mayhall.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷1期1-8页
The use of central venous catheters impregnated with either minocycline and rifampin or chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine reduces the rates of catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection as compared with the use of unimpregnated catheters. We compared the rates of catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection associated with these two kinds of antiinfective catheters.
3749. Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer.
作者: D P Kelsen.;R Ginsberg.;T F Pajak.;D G Sheahan.;L Gunderson.;J Mortimer.;N Estes.;D G Haller.;J Ajani.;W Kocha.;B D Minsky.;J A Roth.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷27期1979-84页
We performed a multi-institutional randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery with surgery alone for patients with local and operable esophageal cancer.
3750. Atovaquone compared with dapsone for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who cannot tolerate trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or both. Community Program for Clinical Research on AIDS and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: W M El-Sadr.;R L Murphy.;T M Yurik.;R Luskin-Hawk.;T W Cheung.;H H Balfour.;R Eng.;T M Hooton.;T M Kerkering.;M Schutz.;C van der Horst.;R Hafner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷26期1889-95页
Although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, many patients cannot tolerate it and must switch to an alternative agent.
3751. A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators.
作者: M E Farkouh.;P A Smars.;G S Reeder.;A R Zinsmeister.;R W Evans.;T D Meloy.;S L Kopecky.;M Allen.;T G Allison.;R J Gibbons.;S E Gabriel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷26期1882-8页
Nearly half of patients hospitalized with unstable angina eventually receive a non-cardiac-related diagnosis, yet 5 percent of patients with myocardial infarction are inappropriately discharged from the emergency department. We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and cost of admission to a chest-pain observation unit (CPU) located in the emergency department for such patients.
3752. Lack of effect of treating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. Omeprazole plus Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin Effect One Year after Treatment (OCAY) Study Group.
作者: A L Blum.;N J Talley.;C O'Moráin.;S V van Zanten.;J Labenz.;M Stolte.;J A Louw.;A Stubberöd.;A Theodórs.;M Sundin.;E Bolling-Sternevald.;O Junghard.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷26期1875-81页
It is uncertain whether treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection relieves symptoms in patients with nonulcer, or functional, dyspepsia.
3753. Symptomatic benefit from eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia.
作者: K McColl.;L Murray.;E El-Omar.;A Dickson.;A El-Nujumi.;A Wirz.;A Kelman.;C Penny.;R Knill-Jones.;T Hilditch.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷26期1869-74页
The eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is beneficial in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers. The value of eradicating the infection in patients with dyspepsia and no evidence of ulcer disease is not known.
3754. A dose-dependent increase in mortality with vesnarinone among patients with severe heart failure. Vesnarinone Trial Investigators.
作者: J N Cohn.;S O Goldstein.;B H Greenberg.;B H Lorell.;R C Bourge.;B E Jaski.;S O Gottlieb.;F McGrew.;D L DeMets.;B G White.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷25期1810-6页
Vesnarinone, an inotropic drug, was shown in a short-term placebo-controlled trial to improve survival markedly in patients with severe heart failure when given at a dose of 60 mg per day, but there was a trend toward an adverse effect on survival when the dose was 120 mg per day. In a longer-term study, we evaluated the effects of daily doses of 60 mg or 30 mg of vesnarinone, as compared with placebo, on mortality and morbidity.
3755. Photopheresis for the prevention of rejection in cardiac transplantation. Photopheresis Transplantation Study Group.
作者: M L Barr.;B M Meiser.;H J Eisen.;R F Roberts.;U Livi.;R Dall'Amico.;R Dorent.;J G Rogers.;B Radovancević.;D O Taylor.;V Jeevanandam.;C C Marboe.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷24期1744-51页
Photopheresis is an immunoregulatory technique in which lymphocytes are reinfused after exposure to a photoactive compound (methoxsalen) and ultraviolet A light. We performed a preliminary study to assess the safety and efficacy of photopheresis in the prevention of acute rejection of cardiac allografts.
3756. A controlled trial of itraconazole to prevent relapse of Penicillium marneffei infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
In Southeast Asia, disseminated infection with Penicillium marneffei is common among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Even after successful primary treatment, the relapse rate for this potentially fatal systemic fungal infection is about 50 percent.
3757. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels.
In patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of cholesterol levels, cholesterol-lowering therapy reduces the risk of coronary events, but the effects on mortality from coronary heart disease and overall mortality have remained uncertain.
3758. Coronary-artery stenting compared with balloon angioplasty for restenosis after initial balloon angioplasty. Restenosis Stent Study Group.
作者: R Erbel.;M Haude.;H W Höpp.;D Franzen.;H J Rupprecht.;B Heublein.;K Fischer.;P de Jaegere.;P Serruys.;W Rutsch.;P Probst.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷23期1672-8页
Intracoronary stenting reduces the rate of restenosis after angioplasty in patients with new coronary lesions. We conducted a prospective, randomized, multicenter study to determine whether intracoronary stenting, as compared with standard balloon angioplasty, reduces the recurrence of luminal narrowing in restenotic lesions.
3759. A clinical trial comparing three antithrombotic-drug regimens after coronary-artery stenting. Stent Anticoagulation Restenosis Study Investigators.
作者: M B Leon.;D S Baim.;J J Popma.;P C Gordon.;D E Cutlip.;K K Ho.;A Giambartolomei.;D J Diver.;D M Lasorda.;D O Williams.;S J Pocock.;R E Kuntz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷23期1665-71页
Antithrombotic drugs are used after coronary-artery stenting to prevent stent thrombosis. We compared the efficacy and safety of three antithrombotic-drug regimens - aspirin alone, aspirin and warfarin, and aspirin and ticlopidine - after coronary stenting.
3760. Chemotherapy compared with autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the management of acute myeloid leukemia in first remission.
作者: P A Cassileth.;D P Harrington.;F R Appelbaum.;H M Lazarus.;J M Rowe.;E Paietta.;C Willman.;D D Hurd.;J M Bennett.;K G Blume.;D R Head.;P H Wiernik.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷23期1649-56页
In young adults with acute myeloid leukemia, intensive chemotherapy during the initial remission improves the long-term outcome, but the role of bone marrow transplantation is uncertain. We compared high-dose cytarabine with autologous or allogeneic marrow transplantation during the first remission of acute myeloid leukemia.
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