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3681. Dofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide Study Group.
作者: C Torp-Pedersen.;M Møller.;P E Bloch-Thomsen.;L Køber.;E Sandøe.;K Egstrup.;E Agner.;J Carlsen.;J Videbaek.;B Marchant.;A J Camm.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷12期857-65页
Atrial fibrillation occurs frequently in patients with congestive heart failure and commonly results in clinical deterioration and hospitalization. Sinus rhythm may be maintained with antiarrhythmic drugs, but some of these drugs increase the risk of death.
3682. A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group.
作者: M M Samama.;A T Cohen.;J Y Darmon.;L Desjardins.;A Eldor.;C Janbon.;A Leizorovicz.;H Nguyen.;C G Olsson.;A G Turpie.;N Weisslinger.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷11期793-800页
The efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in patients with acute medical illnesses who may be at risk for venous thromboembolism have not been determined in adequately designed trials.
3683. Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults.
作者: J Takala.;E Ruokonen.;N R Webster.;M S Nielsen.;D F Zandstra.;G Vundelinckx.;C J Hinds.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷11期785-92页
The administration of growth hormone can attenuate the catabolic response to injury, surgery, and sepsis. However, the effect of high doses of growth hormone on the length of stay in intensive care and in the hospital, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the outcome in critically ill adults who are hospitalized for long periods is not known.
3684. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators.
作者: B Pitt.;F Zannad.;W J Remme.;R Cody.;A Castaigne.;A Perez.;J Palensky.;J Wittes.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷10期709-17页
Aldosterone is important in the pathophysiology of heart failure. In a doubleblind study, we enrolled 1663 patients who had severe heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of no more than 35 percent and who were being treated with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, a loop diuretic, and in most cases digoxin. A total of 822 patients were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of spironolactone daily, and 841 to receive placebo. The primary end point was death from all causes.
3685. Surgery to cure the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
作者: J A Norton.;D L Fraker.;H R Alexander.;D J Venzon.;J L Doppman.;J Serrano.;S U Goebel.;P L Peghini.;P K Roy.;F Gibril.;R T Jensen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷9期635-44页
The role of surgery in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is controversial. To determine the efficacy of surgery in patients with this syndrome, we followed 151 consecutive patients who underwent laparotomy between 1981 and 1998. Of these patients, 123 had sporadic gastrinomas and 28 had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with an imaged tumor of at least 3 cm in diameter. Tumor-localization studies and functional localization studies were performed routinely. All patients underwent surgery according to a similar operative protocol, and all patients who had surgery after 1986 underwent duodenotomy.
3686. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock.
作者: J S Hochman.;L A Sleeper.;J G Webb.;T A Sanborn.;H D White.;J D Talley.;C E Buller.;A K Jacobs.;J N Slater.;J Col.;S M McKinlay.;T H LeJemtel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷9期625-34页
The leading cause of death in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction is cardiogenic shock. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate early revascularization in patients with cardiogenic shock.
3687. A comparison of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation and active compression-decompression resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. French Active Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Study Group.
作者: P Plaisance.;K G Lurie.;E Vicaut.;F Adnet.;J L Petit.;D Epain.;P Ecollan.;R Gruat.;P Cavagna.;J Biens.;D Payen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷8期569-75页
We previously observed that short-term survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was greater with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) than with standard CPR. In the current study, we assessed the effects of the active compression-decompression method on one-year survival.
3688. A comparison of calcium, vitamin D, or both for nutritional rickets in Nigerian children.
作者: T D Thacher.;P R Fischer.;J M Pettifor.;J O Lawson.;C O Isichei.;J C Reading.;G M Chan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷8期563-8页
Nutritional rickets remains prevalent in many tropical countries despite the fact that such countries have ample sunlight. Some postulate that a deficiency of dietary calcium, rather than vitamin D, is often responsible for rickets after infancy.
3690. Phenobarbital compared with phenytoin for the treatment of neonatal seizures.
作者: M J Painter.;M S Scher.;A D Stein.;S Armatti.;Z Wang.;J C Gardiner.;N Paneth.;B Minnigh.;J Alvin.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷7期485-9页
Seizures occur in 1 to 2 percent of neonates admitted to an intensive care unit. The treatment is usually with either phenobarbital or phenytoin, but the efficacy of the two drugs has not been compared directly.
3691. Long-term clinical efficacy of grass-pollen immunotherapy.
作者: S R Durham.;S M Walker.;E M Varga.;M R Jacobson.;F O'Brien.;W Noble.;S J Till.;Q A Hamid.;K T Nouri-Aria.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷7期468-75页
Pollen immunotherapy is effective in selected patients with IgE-mediated seasonal allergic rhinitis, although it is questionable whether there is long-term benefit after the discontinuation of treatment.
3692. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group.
作者: H B Rubins.;S J Robins.;D Collins.;C L Fye.;J W Anderson.;M B Elam.;F H Faas.;E Linares.;E J Schaefer.;G Schectman.;T J Wilt.;J Wittes.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷6期410-8页
Although it is generally accepted that lowering elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease is beneficial, there are few data to guide decisions about therapy for patients whose primary lipid abnormality is a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
3693. Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
作者: P Sort.;M Navasa.;V Arroyo.;X Aldeguer.;R Planas.;L Ruiz-del-Arbol.;L Castells.;V Vargas.;G Soriano.;M Guevara.;P Ginès.;J Rodés.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷6期403-9页
In patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, renal function frequently becomes impaired. This impairment is probably related to a reduction in effective arterial blood volume and is associated with a high mortality rate. We conducted a study to determine whether plasma volume expansion with intravenous albumin prevents renal impairment and reduces mortality in these patients.
3694. Risk factors for perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in women treated with zidovudine. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 185 Team.
作者: L M Mofenson.;J S Lambert.;E R Stiehm.;J Bethel.;W A Meyer.;J Whitehouse.;J Moye.;P Reichelderfer.;D R Harris.;M G Fowler.;B J Mathieson.;G J Nemo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷6期385-93页
Maternal, obstetrical, and infant-related factors associated with the risk of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were identified before the widespread use of zidovudine therapy in pregnant women. The risk factors for transmission when women and infants receive zidovudine are not well characterized.
3695. Complementary clinical benefits of coronary-artery stenting and blockade of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors. Evaluation of Platelet IIb/IIIa Inhibition in Stenting Investigators.
作者: A M Lincoff.;R M Califf.;D J Moliterno.;S G Ellis.;J Ducas.;J H Kramer.;N S Kleiman.;E A Cohen.;J E Booth.;S K Sapp.;C F Cabot.;E J Topol.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷5期319-27页
Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with the monoclonal-antibody fragment abciximab reduces the acute ischemic complications associated with percutaneous coronary revascularization, whereas coronary-stent implantation reduces restenosis. We conducted a trial to determine the efficacy of abciximab and stent implantation in improving long-term outcome.
3696. Oral versus intravenous empirical antimicrobial therapy for fever in patients with granulocytopenia who are receiving cancer chemotherapy. International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer.
作者: W V Kern.;A Cometta.;R De Bock.;J Langenaeken.;M Paesmans.;H Gaya.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷5期312-8页
Intravenously administered antimicrobial agents have been the standard choice for the empirical management of fever in patients with cancer and granulocytopenia. If orally administered empirical therapy is as effective as intravenous therapy, it would offer advantages such as improved quality of life and lower cost.
3697. A double-blind comparison of empirical oral and intravenous antibiotic therapy for low-risk febrile patients with neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy.
作者: A Freifeld.;D Marchigiani.;T Walsh.;S Chanock.;L Lewis.;J Hiemenz.;S Hiemenz.;J E Hicks.;V Gill.;S M Steinberg.;P A Pizzo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷5期305-11页
Among patients with fever and neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer who have a low risk of complications, oral administration of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics may be an acceptable alternative to intravenous treatment.
3698. Neostigmine for the treatment of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction -- that is, massive dilation of the colon without mechanical obstruction -- may develop after surgery or severe illness. Although it may resolve with conservative therapy, colonoscopic decompression is sometimes needed to prevent ischemia and perforation of the bowel. Uncontrolled studies have suggested that neostigmine, may be an effective treatment.
3699. Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment Investigators.
作者: B Pitt.;D Waters.;W V Brown.;A J van Boven.;L Schwartz.;L M Title.;D Eisenberg.;L Shurzinske.;L S McCormick.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷2期70-6页
Percutaneous coronary revascularization is widely used in improving symptoms and exercise performance in patients with ischemic heart disease and stable angina pectoris. In this study, we compared percutaneous coronary revascularization with lipid-lowering treatment for reducing the incidence of ischemic events.
3700. A comparison of injections of botulinum toxin and topical nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
作者: G Brisinda.;G Maria.;A R Bentivoglio.;E Cassetta.;D Gui.;A Albanese.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷2期65-9页
Lateral internal sphincterotomy, the most common treatment for chronic anal fissure, may cause permanent injury to the anal sphincter, which can lead to fecal incontinence. We compared two nonsurgical treatments that avert the risk of fecal incontinence. We randomly assigned 50 adults with symptomatic chronic posterior anal fissures to receive treatment with either a total of 20 U of botulinum toxin injected into the internal anal sphincter on each side of the anterior midline or 0.2 percent nitroglycerin ointment applied twice daily for six weeks.
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