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3641. A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor.
作者: P R Schuurman.;D A Bosch.;P M Bossuyt.;G J Bonsel.;E J van Someren.;R M de Bie.;M P Merkus.;J D Speelman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷7期461-8页
Deep-brain stimulation through an electrode implanted in the thalamus was developed as an alternative to thalamotomy for the treatment of drug-resistant tremor. Stimulation is thought to be as effective as thalamotomy but to have fewer complications. We examined the effects of these two procedures on the functional abilities of patients with drug-resistant tremor due to Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, or multiple sclerosis.
3642. Effect of exercise on coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease.
作者: R Hambrecht.;A Wolf.;S Gielen.;A Linke.;J Hofer.;S Erbs.;N Schoene.;G Schuler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷7期454-60页
Studies of the cardioprotective effects of exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease have yielded contradictory results. Exercise training has been associated with improvement in myocardial perfusion even in patients who have progression of coronary atherosclerosis. We therefore conducted a prospective study of the effect of exercise training on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease.
3643. The effect of weight loss in overweight, lactating women on the growth of their infants.
The retention of weight gained during pregnancy may contribute to obesity. Lactation should promote weight loss, but weight loss is highly variable among lactating women. The risks associated with the restriction of energy intake during lactation have not been adequately evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether weight loss by women during lactation affects the growth of their infants.
3644. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy.
作者: .;John M Lachin.;Saul Genuth.;Patricia Cleary.;Matthew D Davis.;David M Nathan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷6期381-9页
Among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, intensive therapy (with the aim of achieving near-normal blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations [hemoglobin A1c]) markedly reduces the risk of microvascular complications as compared with conventional therapy. To assess whether these benefits persist, we compared the effects of former and intensive conventional therapy on the recurrence and severity of retinopathy and nephropathy for four years after the end of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).
3645. Amylase-resistant starch plus oral rehydration solution for cholera.
作者: B S Ramakrishna.;S Venkataraman.;P Srinivasan.;P Dash.;G P Young.;H J Binder.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷5期308-13页
Although standard glucose-based oral rehydration therapy corrects the dehydration caused by cholera, it does not reduce the diarrhea. Short-chain fatty acids, which are produced in the colon from nonabsorbed carbohydrates, enhance sodium absorption. We conducted a study to determine the effects of an orally administered, nonabsorbed starch (i.e., one resistant to digestion by amylase) on fecal fluid loss and the duration of diarrhea in patients with cholera.
3646. The value of routine preoperative medical testing before cataract surgery. Study of Medical Testing for Cataract Surgery.
作者: O D Schein.;J Katz.;E B Bass.;J M Tielsch.;L H Lubomski.;M A Feldman.;B G Petty.;E P Steinberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷3期168-75页
Routine preoperative medical testing is commonly performed in patients scheduled to undergo cataract surgery, although the value of such testing is uncertain. We performed a study to determine whether routine testing helps reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative medical complications.
3647. Supplemental perioperative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection.
Destruction by oxidation, or oxidative killing, is the most important defense against surgical pathogens and depends on the partial pressure of oxygen in contaminated tissue. An easy method of improving oxygen tension in adequately perfused tissue is to increase the concentration of inspired oxygen. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the supplemental administration of oxygen during the perioperative period decreases the incidence of wound infection.
3648. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.
Observational and experimental studies suggest that the amount of vitamin E ingested in food and in supplements is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.
3649. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.
作者: .;S Yusuf.;P Sleight.;J Pogue.;J Bosch.;R Davies.;G Dagenais.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷3期145-53页
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors improve the outcome among patients with left ventricular dysfunction, whether or not they have heart failure. We assessed the role of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, in patients who were at high risk for cardiovascular events but who did not have left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure.
3650. Urgent colonoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of severe diverticular hemorrhage.
Although endoscopy is often used to diagnose and treat acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, its role in the management of diverticulosis and lower gastrointestinal bleeding is uncertain.
3651. Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses.
作者: G Mari.;R L Deter.;R L Carpenter.;F Rahman.;R Zimmerman.;K J Moise.;K F Dorman.;A Ludomirsky.;R Gonzalez.;R Gomez.;U Oz.;L Detti.;J A Copel.;R Bahado-Singh.;S Berry.;J Martinez-Poyer.;S C Blackwell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷1期9-14页
Invasive techniques such as amniocentesis and cordocentesis are used for diagnosis and treatment in fetuses at risk for anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. The purpose of our study was to determine the value of noninvasive measurements of the velocity of blood flow in the fetal middle cerebral artery for the diagnosis of fetal anemia.
3652. Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.
作者: N Kemeny.;Y Huang.;A M Cohen.;W Shi.;J A Conti.;M F Brennan.;J R Bertino.;A D Turnbull.;D Sullivan.;J Stockman.;L H Blumgart.;Y Fong.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷27期2039-48页
Two years after undergoing resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer, about 65 percent of patients are alive and 25 percent are free of detectable disease. We tried to improve these outcomes by treating patients with hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine plus systemic fluorouracil after liver resection.
3654. Treatment of allergic asthma with monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. rhuMAb-E25 Study Group.
作者: H Milgrom.;R B Fick.;J Q Su.;J D Reimann.;R K Bush.;M L Watrous.;W J Metzger.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷26期1966-73页
Immune responses mediated by IgE are important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb-E25) forms complexes with free IgE and blocks its interaction with mast cells and basophils. We studied the efficacy of rhuMab-E25 as a treatment for moderate-to-severe allergic asthma.
3655. Coronary angioplasty with or without stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction. Stent Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group.
作者: C L Grines.;D A Cox.;G W Stone.;E Garcia.;L A Mattos.;A Giambartolomei.;B R Brodie.;O Madonna.;M Eijgelshoven.;A J Lansky.;W W O'Neill.;M C Morice.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷26期1949-56页
Coronary-stent implantation is frequently performed for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. However, few studies have compared stent implantation with primary angioplasty alone.
3656. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators.
作者: A E Buxton.;K L Lee.;J D Fisher.;M E Josephson.;E N Prystowsky.;G Hafley.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷25期1882-90页
Empirical antiarrhythmic therapy has not reduced mortality among patients with coronary artery disease and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias. Previous studies have suggested that antiarrhythmic therapy guided by electrophysiologic testing might reduce the risk of sudden death.
3657. Combination therapy with efavirenz, nelfinavir, and nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 382 Team.
作者: S E Starr.;C V Fletcher.;S A Spector.;F H Yong.;T Fenton.;R C Brundage.;D Manion.;N Ruiz.;M Gersten.;M Becker.;J McNamara.;L M Mofenson.;L Purdue.;S Siminski.;B Graham.;D M Kornhauser.;W Fiske.;C Vincent.;H W Lischner.;W M Dankner.;P M Flynn.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷25期1874-81页
Consistent long-term viral suppression has been difficult to achieve in children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We tested the safety and antiviral efficacy of a novel combination consisting of efavirenz, nelfinavir, and one or more nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in 57 children previously treated with only nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
3658. Efavirenz plus zidovudine and lamivudine, efavirenz plus indinavir, and indinavir plus zidovudine and lamivudine in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. Study 006 Team.
作者: S Staszewski.;J Morales-Ramirez.;K T Tashima.;A Rachlis.;D Skiest.;J Stanford.;R Stryker.;P Johnson.;D F Labriola.;D Farina.;D J Manion.;N M Ruiz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷25期1865-73页
Efavirenz is a nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We compared two regimens containing efavirenz, one with a protease inhibitor and the other with two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, with a standard three-drug regimen.
3659. Lack of benefit of a single dose of synthetic human secretin in the treatment of autism and pervasive developmental disorder.
作者: A D Sandler.;K A Sutton.;J DeWeese.;M A Girardi.;V Sheppard.;J W Bodfish.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷24期1801-6页
Secretin is a peptide hormone that stimulates pancreatic secretion. After recent publicity about a child with autism whose condition markedly improved after a single dose of secretin, thousands of children with autistic disorders may have received secretin injections.
3660. Miltefosine, an oral agent, for the treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
作者: T K Jha.;S Sundar.;C P Thakur.;P Bachmann.;J Karbwang.;C Fischer.;A Voss.;J Berman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷24期1795-800页
There is no effective orally administered medication for any leishmania infection. We investigated miltefosine, which can be taken orally, for the treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Miltefosine is a phosphocholine analogue that affects cell-signaling pathways and membrane synthesis.
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