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3621. Hemodynamic effects of sildenafil in men with severe coronary artery disease.
The cardiovascular effects of sildenafil are important because of the frequent presence of underlying cardiac disease in men with erectile dysfunction and reports indicating serious cardiac events temporally associated with the use of this drug.
3622. Dexamethasone alone or in combination with ondansetron for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy.
The prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy for cancer has not been studied systematically.
3623. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by chest compression alone or with mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
Despite extensive training of citizens of Seattle in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), bystanders do not perform CPR in almost half of witnessed cardiac arrests. Instructions in chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation given by dispatchers over the telephone can require 2.4 minutes. In experimental studies, chest compression alone is associated with survival rates similar to those with chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation. We conducted a randomized study to compare CPR by chest compression alone with CPR by chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
3624. A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa.
作者: O Rascol.;D J Brooks.;A D Korczyn.;P P De Deyn.;C E Clarke.;A E Lang.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷20期1484-91页
There is debate about whether the initial treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease should be levodopa or a dopamine agonist.
3625. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Conous infusions of sedative drugs in the intensive care unit may prolong the duration of mechanical ventilation, prolong the length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital, impede efforts to perform daily neurologic examinations, and increase the need for tests to assess alterations in mental status. Whether regular interruption of such infusions might accelerate recovery is not known.
3626. A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression.
作者: M B Keller.;J P McCullough.;D N Klein.;B Arnow.;D L Dunner.;A J Gelenberg.;J C Markowitz.;C B Nemeroff.;J M Russell.;M E Thase.;M H Trivedi.;J Zajecka.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷20期1462-70页
Patients with chronic forms of major depression are difficult to treat, and the relative efficacy of medications and psychotherapy is uncertain.
3627. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
作者: M Chandalia.;A Garg.;D Lutjohann.;K von Bergmann.;S M Grundy.;L J Brinkley.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷19期1392-8页
The effect of increasing the intake of dietary fiber on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is controversial.
3628. Long-term treatment with a platelet glycoprotein-receptor antagonist after percutaneous coronary revascularization. EXCITE Trial Investigators. Evaluation of Oral Xemilofiban in Controlling Thrombotic Events.
作者: W W O'Neill.;P Serruys.;M Knudtson.;G A van Es.;G C Timmis.;C van der Zwaan.;J Kleiman.;J Gong.;E B Roecker.;R Dreiling.;J Alexander.;R Anders.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷18期1316-24页
When administered intravenously at the time of percutaneous coronary revascularization, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists decrease the incidence of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction and the need for urgent revascularization. We hypothesized that long-term administration of oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, which block the aggregation of platelets, might stabilize intravascular plaque and prevent additional ischemic cardiac events.
3629. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
作者: .;Roy G Brower.;Michael A Matthay.;Alan Morris.;David Schoenfeld.;B Taylor Thompson.;Arthur Wheeler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷18期1301-8页
Traditional approaches to mechanical ventilation use tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml per kilogram of body weight and may cause stretch-induced lung injury in patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. We therefore conducted a trial to determine whether ventilation with lower tidal volumes would improve the clinical outcomes in these patients.
3630. Treatment of acromegaly with the growth hormone-receptor antagonist pegvisomant.
作者: P J Trainer.;W M Drake.;L Katznelson.;P U Freda.;V Herman-Bonert.;A J van der Lely.;E V Dimaraki.;P M Stewart.;K E Friend.;M L Vance.;G M Besser.;J A Scarlett.;M O Thorner.;C Parkinson.;A Klibanski.;J S Powell.;A L Barkan.;M C Sheppard.;M Malsonado.;D R Rose.;D R Clemmons.;G Johannsson.;B A Bengtsson.;S Stavrou.;D L Kleinberg.;D M Cook.;L S Phillips.;M Bidlingmaier.;C J Strasburger.;S Hackett.;K Zib.;W F Bennett.;R J Davis.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷16期1171-7页
Patients with acromegaly are currently treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and drugs to reduce hypersecretion of growth hormone, but the treatments may be ineffective and have adverse effects. Pegvisomant is a genetically engineered growth hormone-receptor antagonist that blocks the action of growth hormone.
3631. Lack of effect of a high-fiber cereal supplement on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Phoenix Colon Cancer Prevention Physicians' Network.
作者: D S Alberts.;M E Martínez.;D J Roe.;J M Guillén-Rodríguez.;J R Marshall.;J B van Leeuwen.;M E Reid.;C Ritenbaugh.;P A Vargas.;A B Bhattacharyya.;D L Earnest.;R E Sampliner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷16期1156-62页
The risks of colorectal cancer and adenoma, the precursor lesion, are believed to be influenced by dietary factors. Epidemiologic evidence that cereal fiber protects against colorectal cancer is equivocal. We conducted a randomized trial to determine whether dietary supplementation with wheat-bran fiber reduces the rate of recurrence of colorectal adenomas.
3632. Lack of effect of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Polyp Prevention Trial Study Group.
作者: A Schatzkin.;E Lanza.;D Corle.;P Lance.;F Iber.;B Caan.;M Shike.;J Weissfeld.;R Burt.;M R Cooper.;J W Kikendall.;J Cahill.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷16期1149-55页
We tested the hypothesis that dietary intervention can inhibit the development of recurrent colorectal adenomas, which are precursors of most large-bowel cancers.
3633. Discontinuation of prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex disease in HIV-infected patients who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.
作者: W M El-Sadr.;W J Burman.;L B Grant.;J P Matts.;R Hafner.;L Crane.;D Zeh.;B Gallagher.;S B Mannheimer.;A Martinez.;F Gordin.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷15期1085-92页
Several agents are effective in preventing Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, there is uncertainty about whether prophylaxis should be continued in patients whose CD4+ cell counts have increased substantially with antiviral therapy.
3634. Conventional-dose chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for metastatic breast cancer. Philadelphia Bone Marrow Transplant Group.
作者: E A Stadtmauer.;A O'Neill.;L J Goldstein.;P A Crilley.;K F Mangan.;J N Ingle.;I Brodsky.;S Martino.;H M Lazarus.;J K Erban.;C Sickles.;J H Glick.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷15期1069-76页
We conducted a randomized trial in which we compared high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem-cell rescue with a prolonged course of monthly conventional-dose chemotherapy in women with metastatic breast cancer.
3635. The effect of balloon angioplasty on hypertension in atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis. Dutch Renal Artery Stenosis Intervention Cooperative Study Group.
作者: B C van Jaarsveld.;P Krijnen.;H Pieterman.;F H Derkx.;J Deinum.;C T Postma.;A Dees.;A J Woittiez.;A K Bartelink.;A J Man in 't Veld.;M A Schalekamp.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷14期1007-14页
Patients with hypertension and renal-artery stenosis are often treated with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. However, the long-term effects of this procedure on blood pressure are not well understood.
3636. Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators.
作者: D Roy.;M Talajic.;P Dorian.;S Connolly.;M J Eisenberg.;M Green.;T Kus.;J Lambert.;M Dubuc.;P Gagné.;S Nattel.;B Thibault.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷13期913-20页
The restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm is a desirable goal in patients with atrial fibrillation, because the prevention of recurrences can improve cardiac function and relieve symptoms. Uncontrolled studies have suggested that amiodarone in low doses may be more effective and safer than other agents in preventing recurrence, but this agent has not been tested in a large, randomized trial.
3637. Risk of persistent growth impairment after alternate-day prednisone treatment in children with cystic fibrosis.
作者: H C Lai.;S C FitzSimmons.;D B Allen.;M R Kosorok.;B J Rosenstein.;P W Campbell.;P M Farrell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷12期851-9页
It is uncertain whether the growth impairment that occurs in children during long-term treatment with glucocorticoids persists after the medication is discontinued and ultimately affects adult height.
3638. Abnormal myocardial phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coronary angiograms.
作者: S D Buchthal.;J A den Hollander.;C N Merz.;W J Rogers.;C J Pepine.;N Reichek.;B L Sharaf.;S Reis.;S F Kelsey.;G M Pohost.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷12期829-35页
After hospitalization for chest pain, women are more likely than men to have normal coronary-artery angiograms. In such women, myocardial ischemia in the absence of clinically significant coronary-artery obstruction has long been suspected. Most methods for the detection of the metabolic effects of myocardial ischemia are highly invasive. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique that can directly measure high-energy phosphates in the myocardium and identify metabolic evidence of ischemia.
3639. Etanercept in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group.
作者: D J Lovell.;E H Giannini.;A Reiff.;G D Cawkwell.;E D Silverman.;J J Nocton.;L D Stein.;A Gedalia.;N T Ilowite.;C A Wallace.;J Whitmore.;B K Finck.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷11期763-9页
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of etanercept, a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75):Fc fusion protein, in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who did not tolerate or had an inadequate response to methotrexate.
3640. A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
作者: D A Stevens.;H J Schwartz.;J Y Lee.;B L Moskovitz.;D C Jerome.;A Catanzaro.;D M Bamberger.;A J Weinmann.;C U Tuazon.;M A Judson.;T A Platts-Mills.;A C DeGraff.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷11期756-62页
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a hypersensitivity disorder that can progress from an acute phase to chronic disease. The main treatment is systemic corticosteroids, but data from uncontrolled studies suggest that itraconazole, an orally administered antifungal agent, may be an effective adjunctive therapy.
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