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3581. A comparison of levomethadyl acetate, buprenorphine, and methadone for opioid dependence.
作者: R E Johnson.;M A Chutuape.;E C Strain.;S L Walsh.;M L Stitzer.;G E Bigelow.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷18期1290-7页
Opioid dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder with important public health implications.
3582. Inhaled zanamivir for the prevention of influenza in families. Zanamivir Family Study Group.
作者: F G Hayden.;L V Gubareva.;A S Monto.;T C Klein.;M J Elliot.;J M Hammond.;S J Sharp.;M J Ossi.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷18期1282-9页
As prophylaxis against influenza in families, amantadine and rimantadine have had inconsistent effectiveness, partly because of the transmission of drug-resistant variants from treated index patients. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of inhaled zanamivir for the treatment and prevention of influenza in families.
3583. Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Hong Kong-Guangzhou Nephrology Study Group.
作者: T M Chan.;F K Li.;C S Tang.;R W Wong.;G X Fang.;Y L Ji.;C S Lau.;A K Wong.;M K Tong.;K W Chan.;K N Lai.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷16期1156-62页
The combination of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone is effective for the treatment of severe lupus nephritis but has serious adverse effects. Whether mycophenolate mofetil can be substituted for cyclophosphamide is not known.
3584. Markers of myocardial damage and inflammation in relation to long-term mortality in unstable coronary artery disease. FRISC Study Group. Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease.
In patients with unstable coronary artery disease, there is a relation between the short-term risk of death and blood levels of troponin T (a marker of myocardial damage) and C-reactive protein and fibrinogen (markers of inflammation). Using information obtained during an extension of the follow-up period in the Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease trial, we evaluated the usefulness of troponin T, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels and other indicators of risk as predictors of the long-term risk of death from cardiac causes.
3585. A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
作者: O Langer.;D L Conway.;M D Berkus.;E M Xenakis.;O Gonzales.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷16期1134-8页
Women with gestational diabetes mellitus are rarely treated with a sulfonylurea drug, because of concern about teratogenicity and neonatal hypoglycemia. There is little information about the efficacy of these drugs in this group of women.
3586. Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people.
Most totally blind people have circadian rhythms that are "free-running" (i.e., that are not synchronized to environmental time cues and that oscillate on a cycle slightly longer than 24 hours). This condition causes recurrent insomnia and daytime sleepiness when the rhythms drift out of phase with the normal 24-hour cycle. We investigated whether a daily dose of melatonin could entrain their circadian rhythms to a normal 24-hour cycle.
3587. Effect of long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide on adult height in children with asthma.
Short-term studies have shown that inhaled corticosteroids may reduce the growth of children with asthma. However, the effect of long-term treatment on adult height is uncertain.
3588. Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma.
作者: .;Stanley Szefler.;Scott Weiss.;James Tonascia.;N Franklin Adkinson.;Bruce Bender.;Reuben Cherniack.;Michele Donithan.;H William Kelly.;Joseph Reisman.;Gail G Shapiro.;Alice L Sternberg.;Robert Strunk.;Virginia Taggart.;Mark Van Natta.;Robert Wise.;Margaret Wu.;Robert Zeiger.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷15期1054-63页
Antiinflammatory therapies, such as inhaled corticosteroids or nedocromil, are recommended for children with asthma, although there is limited information on their long-term use.
3589. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (Thailand) Investigators.
作者: M Lallemant.;G Jourdain.;S Le Coeur.;S Kim.;S Koetsawang.;A M Comeau.;W Phoolcharoen.;M Essex.;K McIntosh.;V Vithayasai.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷14期982-91页
The optimal duration of zidovudine administration to prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) should be determined to facilitate its use in areas where resources are limited.
3590. Effect of growth hormone treatment on the adult height of children with chronic renal failure. German Study Group for Growth Hormone Treatment in Chronic Renal Failure.
作者: D Haffner.;F Schaefer.;R Nissel.;E Wühl.;B Tönshoff.;O Mehls.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷13期923-30页
Growth hormone treatment stimulates growth in short children with chronic renal failure. However, the extent to which this therapy increases final adult height is not known.
3591. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group.
作者: L B Saltz.;J V Cox.;C Blanke.;L S Rosen.;L Fehrenbacher.;M J Moore.;J A Maroun.;S P Ackland.;P K Locker.;N Pirotta.;G L Elfring.;L L Miller.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷13期905-14页
The combination of fluorouracil and leucovorin has until recently been standard therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan prolongs survival in patients with colorectal cancer that is refractory to treatment with fluorouracil and leucovorin. In a multicenter trial, we compared a combination of irinotecan, fluorouracil and leucovorin with bolus doses of fluorouracil and leucovorin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. A third group of patients received irinotecan alone.
3592. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group.
作者: L D Jacobs.;R W Beck.;J H Simon.;R P Kinkel.;C M Brownscheidle.;T J Murray.;N A Simonian.;P J Slasor.;A W Sandrock.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷13期898-904页
Treatment with interferon beta has been shown to help patients with established multiple sclerosis, but it is not known whether initiating treatment at the time of a first clinical demyelinating event is of value.
3593. Trial of a supplemental dose of four poliovirus vaccines.
作者: R W Sutter.;A J Suleiman.;P Malankar.;S Al-Khusaiby.;F Mehta.;G B Clements.;M A Pallansch.;S E Robertson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷11期767-73页
The immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), particularly the type 3 component, is lower in infants in most developing countries than in infants in industrialized countries. We conducted a multicenter trial in Oman to evaluate the response to a supplemental dose of four poliovirus vaccine formulations.
3594. Regression of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma after nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation.
作者: R Childs.;A Chernoff.;N Contentin.;E Bahceci.;D Schrump.;S Leitman.;E J Read.;J Tisdale.;C Dunbar.;W M Linehan.;N S Young.;A J Barrett.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷11期750-8页
Since allogeneic stem-cell transplantation can induce curative graft-versus-leukemia reactions in patients with hematologic cancers, we sought to induce analogous graft-versus-tumor effects in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma by means of nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation.
3595. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men.
作者: E Orwoll.;M Ettinger.;S Weiss.;P Miller.;D Kendler.;J Graham.;S Adami.;K Weber.;R Lorenc.;P Pietschmann.;K Vandormael.;A Lombardi.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷9期604-10页
Despite its association with disability, death, and increased medical costs, osteoporosis in men has been relatively neglected as a subject of study. There have been no large, controlled trials of treatment in men.
3596. A comparison of inhaled fluticasone and oral prednisone for children with severe acute asthma.
作者: S Schuh.;J Reisman.;M Alshehri.;A Dupuis.;M Corey.;R Arseneault.;G Alothman.;O Tennis.;G Canny.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷10期689-94页
Inhaled corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of children with asthma. It is uncertain how inhaled corticosteroids compare with oral corticosteroids in the management of severe acute disease.
3597. Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy.
作者: J L Shifren.;G D Braunstein.;J A Simon.;P R Casson.;J E Buster.;G P Redmond.;R E Burki.;E S Ginsburg.;R C Rosen.;S R Leiblum.;K E Caramelli.;N A Mazer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷10期682-8页
The ovaries provide approximately half the circulating testosterone in premenopausal women. After bilateral oophorectomy, many women report impaired sexual functioning despite estrogen replacement. We evaluated the effects of transdermal testosterone in women who had impaired sexual function after surgically induced menopause.
3598. A comparison of ibuprofen and indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus.
作者: B Van Overmeire.;K Smets.;D Lecoutere.;H Van de Broek.;J Weyler.;K Degroote.;J P Langhendries.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷10期674-81页
Indomethacin is the conventional treatment for hemodynamically important patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. However, its use is associated with various side effects. In a prospective study, we compared ibuprofen and indomethacin with regard to efficacy and safety for the early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.
3599. Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of dystonia in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
作者: B J van Hilten.;W J van de Beek.;J I Hoff.;J H Voormolen.;E M Delhaas.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷9期625-30页
Patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (also known as the complex regional pain syndrome) may have dystonia, which is often unresponsive to treatment. Some forms of dystonia respond to the intrathecal administration of baclofen, a specific gamma-aminobutyric acid-receptor (type B) agonist that inhibits sensory input to the neurons of the spinal cord. We evaluated this treatment in seven women who had reflex sympathetic dystrophy with multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia. First, we performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial of bolus intrathecal injections of 25, 50, and 75 microg of baclofen and placebo. Changes in the severity of dystonia were assessed by the woman and by an investigator after each injection. In the second phase of the study, six of the women received a subcutaneous pump for continuous intrathecal administration of baclofen and were followed for 0.5 to 3 years.
3600. Spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
作者: M A Kemler.;G A Barendse.;M van Kleef.;H C de Vet.;C P Rijks.;C A Furnée.;F A van den Wildenberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷9期618-24页
Chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy (also called the complex regional pain syndrome) is a painful, disabling disorder for which there is no proven treatment. In observational studies, spinal cord stimulation has reduced the pain associated with the disorder.
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