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341. Interventions to Prevent Illicit and Nonmedical Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth O'Connor.;Rachel Thomas.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Leslie Perdue.;Shannon Robalino.;Carrie Patnode.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷20期2067-2079页
Illicit and nonmedical (use in ways other than instructed) drug use is common in adolescents and young adults and increases the risk of harmful outcomes such as injuries, violence, and poorer academic performance.
343. Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review.
Approximately 125 million people worldwide have psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis experience substantial morbidity and increased rates of inflammatory arthritis, cardiometabolic diseases, and mental health disorders.
344. Association of Blood Pressure Lowering With Incident Dementia or Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Diarmaid Hughes.;Conor Judge.;Robert Murphy.;Elaine Loughlin.;Maria Costello.;William Whiteley.;Jackie Bosch.;Martin J O'Donnell.;Michelle Canavan.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷19期1934-1944页
The benefit of blood pressure lowering for the prevention of dementia or cognitive impairment is unclear.
346. Primary Care Interventions for Prevention and Cessation of Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Susan J Curry.;Katrina Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷16期1590-1598页
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the US. An estimated annual 480 000 deaths are attributable to tobacco use in adults, including from secondhand smoke. It is estimated that every day about 1600 youth aged 12 to 17 years smoke their first cigarette and that about 5.6 million adolescents alive today will die prematurely from a smoking-related illness. Although conventional cigarette use has gradually declined among children in the US since the late 1990s, tobacco use via electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is quickly rising and is now more common among youth than cigarette smoking. e-Cigarette products usually contain nicotine, which is addictive, raising concerns about e-cigarette use and nicotine addiction in children. Exposure to nicotine during adolescence can harm the developing brain, which may affect brain function and cognition, attention, and mood; thus, minimizing nicotine exposure from any tobacco product in youth is important.
347. Primary Care-Relevant Interventions for Tobacco and Nicotine Use Prevention and Cessation in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Shelley Selph.;Carrie Patnode.;Steffani R Bailey.;Miranda Pappas.;Ryan Stoner.;Roger Chou.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷16期1599-1608页
Interventions to discourage the use of tobacco products (including electronic nicotine delivery systems or e-cigarettes) among children and adolescents may help decrease tobacco-related illness and injury.
348. Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 17% of women and 34% of men in the US and has a similar prevalence in other countries. This review provides an update on the diagnosis and treatment of OSA.
349. Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review.
作者: James M Sanders.;Marguerite L Monogue.;Tomasz Z Jodlowski.;James B Cutrell.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷18期1824-1836页
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. Given the rapid pace of scientific discovery and clinical data generated by the large number of people rapidly infected by SARS-CoV-2, clinicians need accurate evidence regarding effective medical treatments for this infection.
350. Screening for Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Persons to Prevent Preterm Delivery: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Katrina Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷13期1286-1292页
Bacterial vaginosis is common and is caused by a disruption of the microbiological environment in the lower genital tract. In the US, reported prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women ranges from 5.8% to 19.3% and is higher in some races/ethnicities. Bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy has been associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes including preterm delivery, early miscarriage, postpartum endometritis, and low birth weight.
351. Screening for Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Adolescents and Women to Prevent Preterm Delivery: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Leila C Kahwati.;Rachel Clark.;Nancy Berkman.;Rachel Urrutia.;Sheila V Patel.;Jennifer Zeng.;Meera Viswanathan.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷13期1293-1309页
Preterm delivery results in adverse outcomes; identifying and treating bacterial vaginosis may reduce its occurrence.
352. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review.
作者: Adam C Sheka.;Oyedele Adeyi.;Julie Thompson.;Bilal Hameed.;Peter A Crawford.;Sayeed Ikramuddin.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷12期1175-1183页
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is associated with disease progression, development of cirrhosis, and need for liver transplant. Despite its importance, NASH is underrecognized in clinical practice.
355. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Katrina Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷10期970-975页
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common chronic blood-borne pathogen in the US and a leading cause of complications from chronic liver disease. HCV is associated with more deaths than the top 60 other reportable infectious diseases combined, including HIV. Cases of acute HCV infection have increased approximately 3.8-fold over the last decade because of increasing injection drug use and improved surveillance.
356. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷8期757-763页
Dementia (also known as major neurocognitive disorder) is defined by a significant decline in 1 or more cognitive domains that interferes with a person's independence in daily activities. Dementia affects an estimated 2.4 to 5.5 million individuals in the United States, and its prevalence increases with age.
357. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Carrie D Patnode.;Leslie A Perdue.;Rebecca C Rossom.;Megan C Rushkin.;Nadia Redmond.;Rachel G Thomas.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷8期764-785页
Early identification of cognitive impairment may improve patient and caregiver health outcomes.
358. Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Review.
Parkinson disease is the most common form of parkinsonism, a group of neurological disorders with Parkinson disease-like movement problems such as rigidity, slowness, and tremor. More than 6 million individuals worldwide have Parkinson disease.
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