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3561. Effects of physiologic pacing versus ventricular pacing on the risk of stroke and death due to cardiovascular causes. Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing Investigators.
作者: S J Connolly.;C R Kerr.;M Gent.;R S Roberts.;S Yusuf.;A M Gillis.;M H Sami.;M Talajic.;A S Tang.;G J Klein.;C Lau.;D M Newman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷19期1385-91页
Evidence suggests that physiologic pacing (dual-chamber or atrial) may be superior to single-chamber (ventricular) pacing because it is associated with lower risks of atrial fibrillation, stroke, and death. These benefits have not been evaluated in a large, randomized, controlled trial.
3562. Improvement of sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo nocturnal hemodialysis.
Sleep apnea is common in patients with chronic renal failure and is not improved by either conventional hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. With nocturnal hemodialysis, patients undergo hemodialysis seven nights per week at home while sleeping. We hypothesized that nocturnal hemodialysis would correct sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure because of its greater effectiveness.
3563. Adverse effects of early dexamethasone treatment in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.
作者: A R Stark.;W A Carlo.;J E Tyson.;L A Papile.;L L Wright.;S Shankaran.;E F Donovan.;W Oh.;C R Bauer.;S Saha.;W K Poole.;B J Stoll.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年344卷2期95-101页
Early administration of high doses of dexamethasone may reduce the risk of chronic lung disease in premature infants but can cause complications. Whether moderate doses would be as effective but safer is not known.
3564. Early administration of vapreotide for variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.
作者: P Calès.;C Masliah.;B Bernard.;P P Garnier.;C Silvain.;N Szostak-Talbodec.;J P Bronowicki.;D Ribard.;D Botta-Fridlund.;P Hillon.;K Besseghir.;D Lebrec.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年344卷1期23-8页
In patients with cirrhosis, pharmacologic or endoscopic treatment may control variceal bleeding. However, the effects of early administration of a somatostatin analogue followed by endoscopic treatment are unknown.
3565. The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema associated with hypertension.
作者: S K Gandhi.;J C Powers.;A M Nomeir.;K Fowle.;D W Kitzman.;K M Rankin.;W C Little.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年344卷1期17-22页
Patients with acute pulmonary edema often have marked hypertension but, after reduction of the blood pressure, have a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (> or =0.50). However, the pulmonary edema may not have resulted from isolated diastolic dysfunction but, instead, may be due to transient systolic dysfunction, acute mitral regurgitation, or both.
3566. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group.
作者: F M Sacks.;L P Svetkey.;W M Vollmer.;L J Appel.;G A Bray.;D Harsha.;E Obarzanek.;P R Conlin.;E R Miller.;D G Simons-Morton.;N Karanja.;P H Lin.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年344卷1期3-10页
The effect of dietary composition on blood pressure is a subject of public health importance. We studied the effect of different levels of dietary sodium, in conjunction with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which is rich in vegetables, fruits, and low-fat dairy products, in persons with and in those without hypertension.
3567. Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
作者: .;Robert Wise.;John Connett.;Gail Weinmann.;Paul Scanlon.;Melissa Skeans.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷26期1902-9页
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results from a progressive decline in lung function, which is thought to be the consequence of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that antiinflammatory therapy with inhaled corticosteroids would slow this decline.
3568. Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
作者: K R Rai.;B L Peterson.;F R Appelbaum.;J Kolitz.;L Elias.;L Shepherd.;J Hines.;G A Threatte.;R A Larson.;B D Cheson.;C A Schiffer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷24期1750-7页
Fludarabine is an effective treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia that does not respond to initial treatment with chlorambucil. We compared the efficacy of fludarabine with that of chlorambucil in the primary treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
3569. Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis.
作者: E J Heathcote.;M L Shiffman.;W G Cooksley.;G M Dusheiko.;S S Lee.;L Balart.;R Reindollar.;R K Reddy.;T L Wright.;A Lin.;J Hoffman.;J De Pamphilis.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷23期1673-80页
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with cirrhosis is difficult to treat. In patients with chronic hepatitis C but without cirrhosis, once-weekly administration of interferon modified by the attachment of a 40-kd branched-chain polyethylene glycol moiety (peginterferon alfa-2a) is more efficacious than a regimen of unmodified interferon. We examined the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis or bridging fibrosis.
3570. Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
作者: S Zeuzem.;S V Feinman.;J Rasenack.;E J Heathcote.;M Y Lai.;E Gane.;J O'Grady.;J Reichen.;M Diago.;A Lin.;J Hoffman.;M J Brunda.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷23期1666-72页
Covalent attachment of a 40-kd branched-chain polyethylene glycol moiety to interferon alfa-2a results in a compound (peginterferon alfa-2a) that has sustained absorption, a slower rate of clearance, and a longer half-life than unmodified interferon alfa-2a. We compared the clinical effects of a regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a with those of a regimen of interferon alfa-2a in the initial treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C.
3571. The effect of fecal occult-blood screening on the incidence of colorectal cancer.
作者: J S Mandel.;T R Church.;J H Bond.;F Ederer.;M S Geisser.;S J Mongin.;D C Snover.;L M Schuman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷22期1603-7页
Both annual testing for fecal occult blood and biennial testing significantly reduce mortality from colorectal cancer. However, the effect of screening on the incidence of colorectal cancer remains uncertain, despite the diagnosis and removal of precancerous lesions in many persons who undergo screening.
3572. Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group.
作者: P E Lipsky.;D M van der Heijde.;E W St Clair.;D E Furst.;F C Breedveld.;J R Kalden.;J S Smolen.;M Weisman.;P Emery.;M Feldmann.;G R Harriman.;R N Maini.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷22期1594-602页
Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) for three to six months reduces the symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the capacity of this approach to effect a more sustained benefit and its effect on joint damage are not known.
3573. A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
作者: J M Bathon.;R W Martin.;R M Fleischmann.;J R Tesser.;M H Schiff.;E C Keystone.;M C Genovese.;M C Wasko.;L W Moreland.;A L Weaver.;J Markenson.;B K Finck.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷22期1586-93页
Etanercept, which blocks the action of tumor necrosis factor, reduces disease activity in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. Its efficacy in reducing disease activity and preventing joint damage in patients with active early rheumatoid arthritis is unknown.
3574. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group.
作者: C Bombardier.;L Laine.;A Reicin.;D Shapiro.;R Burgos-Vargas.;B Davis.;R Day.;M B Ferraz.;C J Hawkey.;M C Hochberg.;T K Kvien.;T J Schnitzer.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷21期1520-8, 2 p following 1528页
Each year, clinical upper gastrointestinal events occur in 2 to 4 percent of patients who are taking nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We assessed whether rofecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, would be associated with a lower incidence of clinically important upper gastrointestinal events than is the nonselective NSAID naproxen among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
3575. Intrathecal methylprednisolone for intractable postherpetic neuralgia.
作者: N Kotani.;T Kushikata.;H Hashimoto.;F Kimura.;M Muraoka.;M Yodono.;M Asai.;A Matsuki.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷21期1514-9页
There is no effective treatment for intractable postherpetic neuralgia. Because there is evidence that postherpetic neuralgia has an inflammatory component, we assessed treatment with intrathecally administered methylprednisolone to reduce pain in patients with this disorder.
3576. Prevention of hip fracture in elderly people with use of a hip protector.
作者: P Kannus.;J Parkkari.;S Niemi.;M Pasanen.;M Palvanen.;M Järvinen.;I Vuori.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷21期1506-13页
Hip fractures are common in frail elderly adults worldwide. We investigated the effect of an anatomically designed external hip protector on the risk of these age-related fractures.
3577. Atovaquone and azithromycin for the treatment of babesiosis.
作者: P J Krause.;T Lepore.;V K Sikand.;J Gadbaw.;G Burke.;S R Telford.;P Brassard.;D Pearl.;J Azlanzadeh.;D Christianson.;D McGrath.;A Spielman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷20期1454-8页
Babesiosis is a tick-borne, malaria-like illness known to be enzootic in southern New England. A course of clindamycin and quinine is the standard treatment, but this regimen frequently causes adverse reactions and occasionally fails. A promising alternative treatment is atovaquone plus azithromycin.
3578. Safety of withholding heparin in pregnant women with a history of venous thromboembolism. Recurrence of Clot in This Pregnancy Study Group.
作者: P Brill-Edwards.;J S Ginsberg.;M Gent.;J Hirsh.;R Burrows.;C Kearon.;W Geerts.;M Kovacs.;J I Weitz.;K S Robinson.;R Whittom.;G Couture.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷20期1439-44页
Women with a history of venous thromboembolism may be at increased risk for venous thromboembolic events during pregnancy. In these women, the decision to give or withhold heparin in the antepartum period is controversial, because accurate estimates of the frequency of recurrent thromboembolic events if antepartum heparin is withheld are not available.
3579. Effects of intrathecal morphine on the ventilatory response to hypoxia.
作者: P L Bailey.;J K Lu.;N L Pace.;J A Orr.;J L White.;E A Hamber.;M H Slawson.;D J Crouch.;D E Rollins.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷17期1228-34页
Intrathecal administration of morphine produces intense analgesia, but it depresses respiration, an effect that can be life-threatening. Whether intrathecal morphine affects the ventilatory response to hypoxia, however, is not known.
3580. A randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
作者: S M Keller.;S Adak.;H Wagner.;A Herskovic.;R Komaki.;B J Brooks.;M C Perry.;R B Livingston.;D H Johnson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷17期1217-22页
We conducted a randomized trial to determine whether combination chemotherapy plus thoracic radiotherapy is superior to thoracic radiotherapy alone in prolonging survival and preventing local recurrence in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIa non-small-cell lung cancer.
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