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3481. The effects of preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin on AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
作者: P S Gill.;Y Lunardi-Ishkandar.;S Louie.;A Tulpule.;T Zheng.;B M Espina.;J M Besnier.;P Hermans.;A M Levine.;J L Bryant.;R C Gallo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷17期1261-9页
Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common cancer in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently, certain preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been shown to inhibit the growth of Kaposi's sarcoma cell lines in vitro and in immunodeficient mice.
3482. Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study Group.
作者: M Packer.;C M O'Connor.;J K Ghali.;M L Pressler.;P E Carson.;R N Belkin.;A B Miller.;G W Neuberg.;D Frid.;J H Wertheimer.;A B Cropp.;D L DeMets.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1107-14页
Previous studies have shown that calcium-channel blockers increase morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. We studied the effect of a new calcium-channel blocker, amlodipine, in patients with severe chronic heart failure.
3483. Zidovudine alone or in combination with didanosine or zalcitabine in HIV-infected patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or fewer than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. Investigators for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.
作者: L D Saravolatz.;D L Winslow.;G Collins.;J S Hodges.;C Pettinelli.;D S Stein.;N Markowitz.;R Reves.;M O Loveless.;L Crane.;M Thompson.;D Abrams.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1099-106页
We compared two combinations of nucleosides with zidovudine alone in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
3484. The relation of virologic and immunologic markers to clinical outcomes after nucleoside therapy in HIV-infected adults with 200 to 500 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 Virology Study Team.
作者: D A Katzenstein.;S M Hammer.;M D Hughes.;H Gundacker.;J B Jackson.;S Fiscus.;S Rasheed.;T Elbeik.;R Reichman.;A Japour.;T C Merigan.;M S Hirsch.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1091-8页
We studied measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, the viral phenotype, and immune function (CD4 cell counts) and the relation of changes in these indicators to clinical outcomes in a subgroup of patients in a controlled trial of early antiretroviral treatment for HIV, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175.
3485. A trial comparing nucleoside monotherapy with combination therapy in HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts from 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 Study Team.
作者: S M Hammer.;D A Katzenstein.;M D Hughes.;H Gundacker.;R T Schooley.;R H Haubrich.;W K Henry.;M M Lederman.;J P Phair.;M Niu.;M S Hirsch.;T C Merigan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1081-90页
This double-blind study evaluated treatment with either a single nucleoside or two nucleosides in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) whose CD4 cell counts were from 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter.
3487. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators.
作者: F M Sacks.;M A Pfeffer.;L A Moye.;J L Rouleau.;J D Rutherford.;T G Cole.;L Brown.;J W Warnica.;J M Arnold.;C C Wun.;B R Davis.;E Braunwald.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷14期1001-9页
In patients with high cholesterol levels, lowering the cholesterol level reduces the risk of coronary events, but the effect of lowering cholesterol levels in the majority of patients with coronary disease, who have average levels, is less clear.
3488. Gabexate for the prevention of pancreatic damage related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gabexate in digestive endoscopy--Italian Group.
作者: G Cavallini.;A Tittobello.;L Frulloni.;E Masci.;A Mariana.;V Di Francesco.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷13期919-23页
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is associated with elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes and pancreatitis. Gabexate, a protease inhibitor, has been used to prevent pancreatic damage related to ERCP.
3489. Comparison of regularly scheduled with as-needed use of albuterol in mild asthma. Asthma Clinical Research Network.
作者: J M Drazen.;E Israel.;H A Boushey.;V M Chinchilli.;J V Fahy.;J E Fish.;S C Lazarus.;R F Lemanske.;R J Martin.;S P Peters.;C Sorkness.;S J Szefler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷12期841-7页
Inhaled beta-agonists are the most commonly used treatment for asthma, but data suggest that regularly scheduled use of these agents may have deleterious effect on the control of asthma. We compared the effects of regularly scheduled use of inhaled albuterol with those of albuterol used only as needed in patients with mild chronic, stable asthma.
3490. A comparison of recombinant hirudin with heparin for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes.
Thrombin has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary thrombosis. We compared the clinical efficacy of a potent, direct thrombin inhibitor, recombinant hirudin, with that of heparin (an indirect antithrombin agent) in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction.
3491. A comparison of low-dose heparin with low-molecular-weight heparin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after major trauma.
作者: W H Geerts.;R M Jay.;K I Code.;E Chen.;J P Szalai.;E A Saibil.;P A Hamilton.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷10期701-7页
Patients who have had major trauma are at very high risk for venous thromboembolism if they do not receive thromboprophylaxis. We compared low-dose heparin and a low-molecular-weight heparin with regard to efficacy and safety in a randomized clinical trial in patients with trauma.
3492. Low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement.
作者: D Bergqvist.;G Benoni.;O Björgell.;H Fredin.;U Hedlundh.;S Nicolas.;P Nilsson.;G Nylander.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷10期696-700页
The risk of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip replacement is known to be high. However, the optimal duration of prophylaxis with anticoagulant agents after this procedure is unknown. We sought to determine whether one month of anticoagulant therapy with the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin is more effective than enoxaparin therapy given only during the hospitalization for surgery.
3493. Decreases in ovarian cytochrome P450c17 alpha activity and serum free testosterone after reduction of insulin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Insulin resistance and increased ovarian cytochrome P450c17 alpha activity are both features of the polycystic ovary syndrome. P450c17 alpha, which is involved in androgen biosynthesis, has both 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities. Increased activity of this enzyme results in exaggerated conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in response to stimulation by gonadotrophin. We hypothesized that hyperinsulinemia stimulates ovarian P450c17 alpha activity.
3494. The efficacy of terazosin, finasteride, or both in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Study Group.
作者: H Lepor.;W O Williford.;M J Barry.;M K Brawer.;C M Dixon.;G Gormley.;C Haakenson.;M Machi.;P Narayan.;R J Padley.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷8期533-9页
Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia can be treated with alpha 1-adrenergic-antagonist drugs that relax prostatic smooth muscle or with drugs that inhibit 5 alpha-reductase and therefore reduce tissue androgen concentrations. However, the effects of the two types of drugs have not been compared.
3495. Effect of theophylline on sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure.
作者: S Javaheri.;T J Parker.;L Wexler.;J D Liming.;P Lindower.;G A Roselle.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷8期562-7页
Theophylline has been used to treat central apnea associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (periodic breathing). We studied the effect of short-term oral theophylline therapy on periodic breathing associated with stable heart failure due to systolic dysfunction.
3496. A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
作者: T N Walsh.;N Noonan.;D Hollywood.;A Kelly.;N Keeling.;T P Hennessy.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷7期462-7页
Uncontrolled studies suggest that a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy improves the survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. We conducted a prospective, randomized trial comparing surgery alone with combined chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery.
3497. Prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex with weekly azithromycin, daily rifabutin, or both. California Collaborative Treatment Group.
作者: D V Havlir.;M P Dubé.;F R Sattler.;D N Forthal.;C A Kemper.;M W Dunne.;D M Parenti.;J P Lavelle.;A C White.;M D Witt.;S A Bozzette.;J A McCutchan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷6期392-8页
Azithromycin is active in treating Mycobacterium avium complex disease, but it has not been evaluated as primary prophylaxis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because the drug is concentrated in macrophages and has a long half-life in tissue, there is a rationale for once-weekly dosing.
3498. A comparison of two regimens for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in AIDS: rifabutin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin versus rifampin, ethambutol, clofazimine, and ciprofloxacin. Canadian HIV Trials Network Protocol 010 Study Group.
作者: S D Shafran.;J Singer.;D P Zarowny.;P Phillips.;I Salit.;S L Walmsley.;I W Fong.;M J Gill.;A R Rachlis.;R G Lalonde.;M M Fanning.;C M Tsoukas.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷6期377-83页
Bacteremia with the Mycobacterium avium complex is common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but the most effective treatment for this infection remains unclear.
3499. A randomized trial of clarithromycin as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
作者: M Pierce.;S Crampton.;D Henry.;L Heifets.;A LaMarca.;M Montecalvo.;G P Wormser.;H Jablonowski.;J Jemsek.;M Cynamon.;B G Yangco.;G Notario.;J C Craft.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷6期384-91页
Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with advanced stages of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied the efficacy and safety of prophylactic treatment with clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic.
3500. Prevention of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions by treatment with antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha.
作者: D Fekade.;K Knox.;K Hussein.;A Melka.;D G Lalloo.;R E Coxon.;D A Warrell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷5期311-5页
In patients with louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis infection), antimicrobial treatment is often followed by sudden fever, rigors, and persistent hypotension (Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions) that are associated with increases in plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. We attempted to determine whether sheep polyclonal Fab antibody fragments against TNF-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha Fab) could suppress the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.
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