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3461. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure.
The role of cardiac glycosides in treating patients with chronic heart failure and normal sinus rhythm remains controversial. We studied the effect of digoxin on mortality and hospitalization in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
3462. Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia.
作者: D W Marion.;L E Penrod.;S F Kelsey.;W D Obrist.;P M Kochanek.;A M Palmer.;S R Wisniewski.;S T DeKosky.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷8期540-6页
Traumatic brain injury initiates several metabolic processes that can exacerbate the injury. There is evidence that hypothermia may limit some of these deleterious metabolic responses.
3463. Effects of polyethylene glycol-conjugated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor on platelet counts after chemotherapy for lung cancer.
作者: M Fanucchi.;J Glaspy.;J Crawford.;J Garst.;R Figlin.;W Sheridan.;D Menchaca.;D Tomita.;H Ozer.;L Harker.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷6期404-9页
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF, also known as PEG-rHuMGDF), a recombinant molecule related to thrombopoietin, specifically stimulates megakaryopoiesis and platelet production and reduces the severity of thrombocytopenia in animals receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
3464. The duration of oral anticoagulant therapy after a second episode of venous thromboembolism. The Duration of Anticoagulation Trial Study Group.
作者: S Schulman.;S Granqvist.;M Holmström.;A Carlsson.;P Lindmarker.;P Nicol.;S G Eklund.;S Nordlander.;G Lärfars.;B Leijd.;O Linder.;E Loogna.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷6期393-8页
A consensus has not been reached about the optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy after a second episode of venous thromboembolism.
3465. A controlled trial of immunotherapy for asthma in allergic children.
作者: N F Adkinson.;P A Eggleston.;D Eney.;E O Goldstein.;K C Schuberth.;J R Bacon.;R G Hamilton.;M E Weiss.;H Arshad.;C L Meinert.;J Tonascia.;B Wheeler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷5期324-31页
Injections of allergens are widely prescribed for patients with asthma, but little is known about the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
3466. Early ERCP and papillotomy compared with conservative treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis. The German Study Group on Acute Biliary Pancreatitis.
作者: U R Fölsch.;R Nitsche.;R Lüdtke.;R A Hilgers.;W Creutzfeldt.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷4期237-42页
The role of early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and papillotomy in the treatment of patients who have acute biliary pancreatitis without obstructive jaundice is uncertain.
3467. The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts.
Obstructive changes often occur in aortocoronary saphenous-vein bypass grafts because of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. We studied whether aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels or low-dose anticoagulation would delay the progression of atherosclerosis in grafts.
3468. Medical care costs and quality of life after randomization to coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery. Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators.
作者: M A Hlatky.;W J Rogers.;I Johnstone.;D Boothroyd.;M M Brooks.;B Pitt.;G Reeder.;T Ryan.;H Smith.;P Whitlow.;R Wiens.;D B Mark.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷2期92-9页
Randomized trials comparing coronary angioplasty with bypass surgery in patients with multivessel coronary disease have shown no significant differences in overall rates of death and myocardial infarction. We compared quality of life, employment, and medical care costs during five years of follow-up among patients treated with angioplasty or bypass surgery.
3469. Effects of thyroxine supplementation on neurologic development in infants born at less than 30 weeks' gestation.
作者: A G van Wassenaer.;J H Kok.;J J de Vijlder.;J M Briët.;B J Smit.;P Tamminga.;A van Baar.;F W Dekker.;T Vulsma.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷1期21-6页
Premature infants who have transient hypothyroxinemia in the first weeks of life may have developmental delay and neurologic dysfunction. Whether thyroxine treatment during this period results in improved developmental outcomes is not known.
3470. Treatment of men with erectile dysfunction with transurethral alprostadil. Medicated Urethral System for Erection (MUSE) Study Group.
作者: H Padma-Nathan.;W J Hellstrom.;F E Kaiser.;R F Labasky.;T F Lue.;W E Nolten.;P C Norwood.;C A Peterson.;R Shabsigh.;P Y Tam.;V A Place.;N Gesundheit.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷1期1-7页
Erectile dysfunction in men is common. We evaluated a system by which alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) is delivered transurethrally to treat this disorder.
3471. Intraperitoneal cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide versus intravenous cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide for stage III ovarian cancer.
作者: D S Alberts.;P Y Liu.;E V Hannigan.;R O'Toole.;S D Williams.;J A Young.;E W Franklin.;D L Clarke-Pearson.;V K Malviya.;B DuBeshter.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷26期1950-5页
Intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard primary therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. We conducted a phase 3 trial to compare the effects of intraperitoneal and intravenous cisplatin on the survival of women with previously untreated, stage III, epithelial ovarian cancer.
3472. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators.
作者: A J Moss.;W J Hall.;D S Cannom.;J P Daubert.;S L Higgins.;H Klein.;J H Levine.;S Saksena.;A L Waldo.;D Wilber.;M W Brown.;M Heo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷26期1933-40页
Unsustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with previous myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction is associated with a two-year mortality rate of about 30 percent. We studied whether prophylactic therapy with an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator, as compared with conventional medical therapy, would improve survival in this high-risk group of patients.
3473. Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously.
作者: E W Ely.;A M Baker.;D P Dunagan.;H L Burke.;A C Smith.;P T Kelly.;M M Johnson.;R W Browder.;D L Bowton.;E F Haponik.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷25期1864-9页
Prompt recognition of the reversal of respiratory failure may permit earlier discontinuation of mechanical ventilation, without harm to the patient.
3474. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal complications in patients with breast cancer and lytic bone metastases. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group.
作者: G N Hortobagyi.;R L Theriault.;L Porter.;D Blayney.;A Lipton.;C Sinoff.;H Wheeler.;J F Simeone.;J Seaman.;R D Knight.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷24期1785-91页
Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate disodium inhibit osteoclast-induced bone resorption associated with cancer that has metastasized to bone.
3475. The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease.
作者: A M Joseph.;S M Norman.;L H Ferry.;A V Prochazka.;E C Westman.;B G Steele.;S E Sherman.;M Cleveland.;D O Antonuccio.;N Hartman.;P G McGovern.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷24期1792-8页
Transdermal nicotine therapy is widely used to aid smoking cessation, but there is uncertainty about its safety in patients with cardiac disease.
3476. Percutaneous radio-frequency neurotomy for chronic cervical zygapophyseal-joint pain.
Chronic pain in the cervical zygapohyseal joints is a common problem after whiplash injury, but treatment is difficult. Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy can relieve the pain by denaturing the nerves innervating the painful joint, but the efficacy of this treatment has not been established.
3477. Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.
Perioperative myocardial ischemia is the single most important potentially reversible risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular complications after noncardiac surgery. Although more than 1 million patients have such complications annually, there is no effective preventive therapy.
3478. Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group.
作者: R S Sperling.;D E Shapiro.;R W Coombs.;J A Todd.;S A Herman.;G D McSherry.;M J O'Sullivan.;R B Van Dyke.;E Jimenez.;C Rouzioux.;P M Flynn.;J L Sullivan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷22期1621-9页
A placebo-controlled trial has shown that treatment with zidovudine reduces the rate at which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is transmitted from mother to infant. We present data from that trial showing the number of infected infants at 18 months of age and the relation between the maternal viral load, the risk of HIV-1 transmission, and the efficacy of zidovudine treatment. Viral cultures were obtained, and HIV-1 RNA was measured by two assays in samples of maternal blood obtained at study entry and at delivery.
3479. Controlled trial of interleukin-2 infusions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
作者: J A Kovacs.;S Vogel.;J M Albert.;J Falloon.;R T Davey.;R E Walker.;M A Polis.;K Spooner.;J A Metcalf.;M Baseler.;G Fyfe.;H C Lane.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷18期1350-6页
Interleukin-2 is a cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes. In preliminary studies, intermittent infusions of interleukin-2 led to increases in CD4 counts in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and more than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. We conducted a controlled study to evaluate the long-term effects of such therapy on both CD4 counts and the viral burden.
3480. Cardiac troponin T levels for risk stratification in acute myocardial ischemia. GUSTO IIA Investigators.
作者: E M Ohman.;P W Armstrong.;R H Christenson.;C B Granger.;H A Katus.;C W Hamm.;M A O'Hanesian.;G S Wagner.;N S Kleiman.;F E Harrell.;R M Califf.;E J Topol.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷18期1333-41页
The prognosis of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial ischemia is quite variable. We examined the value of serum levels of cardiac troponin T, serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) levels, and electrocardiographic abnormalities for risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial ischemia.
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