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3441. Aluminum neurotoxicity in preterm infants receiving intravenous-feeding solutions.
Aluminum, a contaminant of commercial intravenous-feeding solutions, is potentially neurotoxic. We investigated the effect of perinatal exposure to intravenous aluminum on the neurologic development of infants born prematurely.
3442. Comparison of conventional anterior surgery and laparoscopic surgery for inguinal-hernia repair.
作者: M S Liem.;Y van der Graaf.;C J van Steensel.;R U Boelhouwer.;G J Clevers.;W S Meijer.;L P Stassen.;J P Vente.;W F Weidema.;A J Schrijvers.;T J van Vroonhoven.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷22期1541-7页
Inguinal hernias can be repaired by laparoscopic techniques, which have had better results than open surgery in several small studies.
3443. Thalidomide for the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: J M Jacobson.;J S Greenspan.;J Spritzler.;N Ketter.;J L Fahey.;J B Jackson.;L Fox.;M Chernoff.;A W Wu.;L A MacPhail.;G J Vasquez.;D A Wohl.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷21期1487-93页
In patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, aphthous ulceration of the mouth and oropharynx can become extensive and debilitating. Preliminary reports suggest that thalidomide may promote the healing of oral aphthous ulcers.
3444. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation compared with MACOP-B in aggressive B-cell lymphoma.
作者: A M Gianni.;M Bregni.;S Siena.;C Brambilla.;M Di Nicola.;F Lombardi.;L Gandola.;C Tarella.;A Pileri.;F Ravagnani.;P Valagussa.;G Bonadonna.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷18期1290-7页
We compared a regimen of six chemotherapeutic agents administered sequentially at high doses, followed by myeloablative treatment and bone marrow transplantation, with a regimen of methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (MACOP-B) as initial or salvage treatment for adults with diffuse large-cell lymphoma.
3445. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study.
作者: M Sano.;C Ernesto.;R G Thomas.;M R Klauber.;K Schafer.;M Grundman.;P Woodbury.;J Growdon.;C W Cotman.;E Pfeiffer.;L S Schneider.;L J Thal.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷17期1216-22页
There is evidence that medications or vitamins that increase the levels of brain catecholamines and protect against oxidative damage may reduce the neuronal damage and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
3446. A trial of three regimens for primary amyloidosis: colchicine alone, melphalan and prednisone, and melphalan, prednisone, and colchicine.
作者: R A Kyle.;M A Gertz.;P R Greipp.;T E Witzig.;J A Lust.;M Q Lacy.;T M Therneau.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷17期1202-7页
Primary systemic amyloidosis is an uncommon disease characterized by the accumulation in vital organs of a fibrillar protein consisting of monoclonal light chains.
3447. Efficacy and safety of lidocaine-prilocaine cream for pain during circumcision.
作者: A Taddio.;B Stevens.;K Craig.;P Rastogi.;S Ben-David.;A Shennan.;P Mulligan.;G Koren.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷17期1197-201页
Neonatal circumcision is a painful surgical procedure often performed without analgesia. We assessed the efficacy and safety of 5 percent lidocaine-prilocaine cream (Emla) in neonates undergoing circumcision.
3449. The effect of bedside case presentations on patients' perceptions of their medical care.
Concern that case presentations at the bedside may make patients uncomfortable has led many residency programs to move presentations to the conference room. We performed a randomized, controlled trial of the effect of these two approaches on patients' perceptions of their care.
3450. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group.
作者: L J Appel.;T J Moore.;E Obarzanek.;W M Vollmer.;L P Svetkey.;F M Sacks.;G A Bray.;T M Vogt.;J A Cutler.;M M Windhauser.;P H Lin.;N Karanja.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷16期1117-24页
It is known that obesity, sodium intake, and alcohol consumption factors influence blood pressure. In this clinical trial, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, we assessed the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure.
3451. A comparison of omeprazole and placebo for bleeding peptic ulcer.
作者: M S Khuroo.;G N Yattoo.;G Javid.;B A Khan.;A A Shah.;G M Gulzar.;J S Sodi.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷15期1054-8页
The role of medical treatment for patients with bleeding peptic ulcers is uncertain.
3452. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer.
作者: .;B Cedermark.;M Dahlberg.;B Glimelius.;L Påhlman.;L E Rutqvist.;N Wilking.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷14期980-7页
Adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer has been extensively studied, but no trial has unequivocally demonstrated improved overall survival with radiotherapy, despite a reduction in the rate of local recurrence.
3453. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men.
作者: P M Ridker.;M Cushman.;M J Stampfer.;R P Tracy.;C H Hennekens.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷14期973-9页
Inflammation may be important in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. We studied whether inflammation increases the risk of a first thrombotic event and whether treatment with aspirin decreases the risk.
3454. The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. The Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group.
作者: G R Bernard.;A P Wheeler.;J A Russell.;R Schein.;W R Summer.;K P Steinberg.;W J Fulkerson.;P E Wright.;B W Christman.;W D Dupont.;S B Higgins.;B B Swindell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷13期912-8页
In patients with sepsis the production of arachidonic acid metabolites by cyclooxygenase increases, but the pathophysiologic role of these prostaglandins is unclear. In animal models, inhibition of cyclooxygenase by treatment with ibuprofen before the onset of sepsis reduces physiologic abnormalities and improves survival. In pilot studies of patients with sepsis, treatment with ibuprofen led to improvements in gas exchange and airway mechanics.
3455. Anaritide in acute tubular necrosis. Auriculin Anaritide Acute Renal Failure Study Group.
作者: R L Allgren.;T C Marbury.;S N Rahman.;L S Weisberg.;A Z Fenves.;R A Lafayette.;R M Sweet.;F C Genter.;B R Kurnik.;J D Conger.;M H Sayegh.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷12期828-34页
Atrial natriuretic peptide, a hormone synthesized by the cardiac atria, increases the glomerular filtration rate by dilating afferent arterioles while constricting efferent arterioles. It has been shown to improve glomerular filtration, urinary output, and renal histopathology in laboratory animals with acute renal dysfunction. Anaritide is a 25-amino-acid synthetic form of atrial natriuretic peptide.
3456. A comparison of coronary-artery stenting with angioplasty for isolated stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery.
作者: F Versaci.;A Gaspardone.;F Tomai.;F Crea.;L Chiariello.;P A Gioffrè.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷12期817-22页
Randomized studies have shown that the use of coronary-artery stenting as the initial treatment for coronary stenosis is associated with a lower risk of restenosis than is standard coronary angioplasty. We prospectively investigated the efficacy of these two approaches in selected patients with isolated stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery.
3457. Ursodiol for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Ursodeoxycholic Acid Study Group.
There is no satisfactory medical therapy for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) benefits patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, another cholestatic liver disease.
3458. Effects of hormone-replacement therapy on fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women.
作者: K K Koh.;R Mincemoyer.;M N Bui.;G Csako.;F Pucino.;V Guetta.;M Waclawiw.;R O Cannon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷10期683-90页
Plasma levels of plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), an essential inhibitor of fibrinolysis in humans, increase in women after menopause, and this may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. We studied the effects of hormone-replacement therapy on PAI-1 levels.
3459. Inhaled nitric oxide in full-term and nearly full-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure.
Neonates with pulmonary hypertension have been treated with inhaled nitric oxide because of studies suggesting that it is a selective pulmonary vasodilator. We conducted a randomized, multicenter, controlled trial to determine whether inhaled nitric oxide would reduce mortality or the initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants with hypoxic respiratory failure.
3460. Inhaled nitric oxide and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group.
作者: J D Roberts.;J R Fineman.;F C Morin.;P W Shaul.;S Rimar.;M D Schreiber.;R A Polin.;M S Zwass.;M M Zayek.;I Gross.;M A Heymann.;W M Zapol.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷9期605-10页
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn causes systemic arterial hypoxemia because of increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left shunting of deoxygenated blood. Inhaled nitric oxide decreases pulmonary vascular resistance in newborns. We studied whether inhaled nitric oxide decreases severe hypoxemia in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension.
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