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3441. Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer.
作者: David Bergqvist.;Giancarlo Agnelli.;Alexander T Cohen.;Amiram Eldor.;Paul E Nilsson.;Anne Le Moigne-Amrani.;Flavia Dietrich-Neto.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷13期975-80页
Abdominal surgery for cancer carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism, but the optimal duration of postoperative thromboprophylaxis is unknown.
3442. Estrogen-receptor polymorphisms and effects of estrogen replacement on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women with coronary disease.
作者: David M Herrington.;Timothy D Howard.;Gregory A Hawkins.;David M Reboussin.;Jianfeng Xu.;Siqun L Zheng.;K Bridget Brosnihan.;Deborah A Meyers.;Eugene R Bleecker.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷13期967-74页
Sequence variants in the gene encoding estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) may modify the effects of hormone-replacement therapy on levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and other outcomes related to estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women.
3443. Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction.
作者: Gregg W Stone.;Cindy L Grines.;David A Cox.;Eulogio Garcia.;James E Tcheng.;John J Griffin.;Giulio Guagliumi.;Thomas Stuckey.;Mark Turco.;John D Carroll.;Barry D Rutherford.;Alexandra J Lansky.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷13期957-66页
As compared with thrombolytic therapy, primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in acute myocardial infarction reduces the rates of death, reinfarction, and stroke, but recurrent ischemia, restenosis, and reocclusion of the infarct-related artery remain problematic. When used in combination with PTCA, coronary stenting and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors may further improve outcomes.
3445. A controlled trial of inpatient and outpatient geriatric evaluation and management.
作者: Harvey Jay Cohen.;John R Feussner.;Morris Weinberger.;Molly Carnes.;Ronald C Hamdy.;Frank Hsieh.;Ciaran Phibbs.;Donald Courtney.;Kenneth W Lyles.;Conrad May.;Cynthia McMurtry.;Leslye Pennypacker.;David M Smith.;Nina Ainslie.;Thomas Hornick.;Kayla Brodkin.;Philip Lavori.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷12期905-12页
Over the past 20 years, both inpatient units and outpatient clinics have developed programs for geriatric evaluation and management. However, the effects of these interventions on survival and functional status remain uncertain.
3446. Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
作者: Lewis J Rubin.;David B Badesch.;Robyn J Barst.;Nazzareno Galie.;Carol M Black.;Anne Keogh.;Tomas Pulido.;Adaani Frost.;Sebastien Roux.;Isabelle Leconte.;Michael Landzberg.;Gerald Simonneau.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷12期896-903页
Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor and smooth-muscle mitogen. In a preliminary study, the orally administered dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan improved exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The present trial investigated the effect of bosentan on exercise capacity in a larger number of patients and compared two doses.
3447. Fluconazole for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major.
作者: Abdulrahman A Alrajhi.;Elfaki A Ibrahim.;Edward B De Vol.;Mohammad Khairat.;Rajab M Faris.;James H Maguire.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷12期891-5页
Whereas certain oral antifungal azoles are well documented to have activity against leishmania, data on the efficacy of fluconazole for leishmaniasis are limited. We conducted a controlled trial in Saudi Arabia of fluconazole for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major.
3448. Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation.
作者: Paul Dorian.;Dan Cass.;Brian Schwartz.;Richard Cooper.;Robert Gelaznikas.;Aiala Barr.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷12期884-90页
Lidocaine has been the initial antiarrhythmic drug treatment recommended for patients with ventricular fibrillation that is resistant to conversion by defibrillator shocks. We performed a randomized trial comparing intravenous lidocaine with intravenous amiodarone as an adjunct to defibrillation in victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
3449. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction.
作者: Arthur J Moss.;Wojciech Zareba.;W Jackson Hall.;Helmut Klein.;David J Wilber.;David S Cannom.;James P Daubert.;Steven L Higgins.;Mary W Brown.;Mark L Andrews.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷12期877-83页
Patients with reduced left ventricular function after myocardial infarction are at risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. This randomized trial was designed to evaluate the effect of an implantable defibrillator on survival in such patients.
3450. Intravenous zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density.
作者: Ian R Reid.;Jacques P Brown.;Peter Burckhardt.;Zebulun Horowitz.;Peter Richardson.;Ulrich Trechsel.;Albert Widmer.;Jean-Pierre Devogelaer.;Jean-Marc Kaufman.;Philippe Jaeger.;Jean-Jacques Body.;Maria Luisa Brandi.;Johann Broell.;Raffaele Di Micco.;Andrea Riccardo Genazzani.;Dieter Felsenberg.;Joachim Happ.;Michael J Hooper.;Jochen Ittner.;Georg Leb.;Hans Mallmin.;Timothy Murray.;Sergio Ortolani.;Alessandro Rubinacci.;Maria Saaf.;Goran Samsioe.;Leon Verbruggen.;Pierre J Meunier.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷9期653-61页
Bisphosphonates are effective agents for the management of osteoporosis. Their low bioavailability and low potency necessitate frequent administration on an empty stomach, which may reduce compliance. Gastrointestinal intolerance limits maximal dosing. Although intermittent intravenous treatments have been used, the optimal doses and dosing interval have not been systematically explored.
3451. Hematologic and cytogenetic responses to imatinib mesylate in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
作者: Hagop Kantarjian.;Charles Sawyers.;Andreas Hochhaus.;Francois Guilhot.;Charles Schiffer.;Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini.;Dietger Niederwieser.;Debra Resta.;Renaud Capdeville.;Ulrike Zoellner.;Moshe Talpaz.;Brian Druker.;John Goldman.;Stephen G O'Brien.;Nigel Russell.;Thomas Fischer.;Oliver Ottmann.;Pascale Cony-Makhoul.;Thierry Facon.;Richard Stone.;Carole Miller.;Martin Tallman.;Randy Brown.;Michael Schuster.;Thomas Loughran.;Alois Gratwohl.;Franco Mandelli.;Giuseppe Saglio.;Mario Lazzarino.;Domenico Russo.;Michele Baccarani.;Enrica Morra.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷9期645-52页
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is caused by the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, the product of the Philadelphia chromosome. Imatinib mesylate, formerly STI571, is a selective inhibitor of this kinase.
3452. Leptin-replacement therapy for lipodystrophy.
作者: Elif Arioglu Oral.;Vinaya Simha.;Elaine Ruiz.;Alexa Andewelt.;Ahalya Premkumar.;Peter Snell.;Anthony J Wagner.;Alex M DePaoli.;Marc L Reitman.;Simeon I Taylor.;Phillip Gorden.;Abhimanyu Garg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷8期570-8页
The adipocyte hormone leptin is important in regulating energy homeostasis. Since severe lipodystrophy is associated with leptin deficiency, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis, we assessed whether leptin replacement would ameliorate this condition.
3453. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia.
作者: Stephen A Bernard.;Timothy W Gray.;Michael D Buist.;Bruce M Jones.;William Silvester.;Geoff Gutteridge.;Karen Smith.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷8期557-63页
Cardiac arrest outside the hospital is common and has a poor outcome. Studies in laboratory animals suggest that hypothermia induced shortly after the restoration of spontaneous circulation may improve neurologic outcome, but there have been no conclusive studies in humans. In a randomized, controlled trial, we compared the effects of moderate hypothermia and normothermia in patients who remained unconscious after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
3454. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.
Cardiac arrest with widespread cerebral ischemia frequently leads to severe neurologic impairment. We studied whether mild systemic hypothermia increases the rate of neurologic recovery after resuscitation from cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation.
3455. Use of a Staphylococcus aureus conjugate vaccine in patients receiving hemodialysis.
作者: Henry Shinefield.;Steven Black.;Ali Fattom.;Gary Horwith.;Scott Rasgon.;Juan Ordonez.;Hock Yeoh.;David Law.;John B Robbins.;Rachel Schneerson.;Larry Muenz.;Steve Fuller.;Joanie Johnson.;Bruce Fireman.;Harry Alcorn.;Robert Naso.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷7期491-6页
In patients with decreased resistance to infection, Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacteremia and its complications. The capsular polysaccharides are essential for the pathogenesis of and immunity to S. aureus infection and are targets for vaccines.
3456. Benefit of atrial pacing in sleep apnea syndrome.
作者: Stephane Garrigue.;Philippe Bordier.;Pierre Jaïs.;Dipen C Shah.;Meleze Hocini.;Chantal Raherison.;Manuel Tunon De Lara.;Michel Haïssaguerre.;Jacques Clementy.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷6期404-12页
Many patients with sleep apnea syndrome have nocturnal bradycardia, paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias, or both, which can be prevented by permanent atrial pacing. We evaluated the effect of using cardiac pacing to increase the heart rate during sleep in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.
3457. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
作者: William C Knowler.;Elizabeth Barrett-Connor.;Sarah E Fowler.;Richard F Hamman.;John M Lachin.;Elizabeth A Walker.;David M Nathan.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷6期393-403页
Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 8 percent of adults in the United States. Some risk factors--elevated plasma glucose concentrations in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load, overweight, and a sedentary lifestyle--are potentially reversible. We hypothesized that modifying these factors with a lifestyle-intervention program or the administration of metformin would prevent or delay the development of diabetes.
3458. A comparison of oral and topical corticosteroids in patients with bullous pemphigoid.
作者: Pascal Joly.;Jean-Claude Roujeau.;Jacques Benichou.;Catherine Picard.;Brigitte Dreno.;Emmanuel Delaporte.;Loic Vaillant.;Michel D'Incan.;Patrice Plantin.;Christophe Bedane.;Paul Young.;Philippe Bernard.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷5期321-7页
Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune blistering skin disease of the elderly. Because elderly people have low tolerance for standard regimens of oral corticosteroids, we studied whether highly potent topical corticosteroids could decrease mortality while controlling disease.
3459. Daily hemodialysis and the outcome of acute renal failure.
Intermittent hemodialysis is widely used as renal-replacement therapy in patients with acute renal failure, but an adequate dose has not been defined. We performed a prospective study to determine the effect of daily intermittent hemodialysis, as compared with conventional (alternate-day) intermittent hemodialysis, on survival among patients with acute renal failure.
3460. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.
作者: Bertrand Coiffier.;Eric Lepage.;Josette Briere.;Raoul Herbrecht.;Hervé Tilly.;Reda Bouabdallah.;Pierre Morel.;Eric Van Den Neste.;Gilles Salles.;Philippe Gaulard.;Felix Reyes.;Pierre Lederlin.;Christian Gisselbrecht.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷4期235-42页
The standard treatment for patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma is cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the CD20 B-cell antigen, has therapeutic activity in diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. We conducted a randomized trial to compare CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.
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