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3421. A controlled trial of an educational program to prevent low back injuries.
作者: L H Daltroy.;M D Iversen.;M G Larson.;R Lew.;E Wright.;J Ryan.;C Zwerling.;A H Fossel.;M H Liang.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷5期322-8页
Low back injuries are common and costly, accounting for 15 to 25 percent of injuries covered by workers' compensation and 30 to 40 percent of the payments made under that program. The high costs of injury, the lack of effective treatment. and the evidence that there are behavioral risk factors have led to widespread use of employee education programs that teach safe lifting and handling. The effectiveness of those programs, however, has received little rigorous evaluation.
3422. A controlled trial of isoniazid in persons with anergy and human immunodeficiency virus infection who are at high risk for tuberculosis. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.
作者: F M Gordin.;J P Matts.;C Miller.;L S Brown.;R Hafner.;S L John.;M Klein.;A Vaughn.;C L Besch.;G Perez.;S Szabo.;W El-Sadr.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷5期315-20页
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and latent tuberculosis are at substantial risk for the development of active tuberculosis. As a public health measure, prophylactic treatment with isoniazid has been suggested for HIV-infected persons who have anergy and are in groups with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.
3423. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin.
作者: M Bolla.;D Gonzalez.;P Warde.;J B Dubois.;R O Mirimanoff.;G Storme.;J Bernier.;A Kuten.;C Sternberg.;T Gil.;L Collette.;M Pierart.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷5期295-300页
We conducted a randomized, prospective trial comparing external irradiation with external irradiation plus goserelin (an agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone that reduces testosterone secretion) in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer.
3424. Ceftriaxone compared with doxycycline for the treatment of acute disseminated Lyme disease.
作者: R J Dattwyler.;B J Luft.;M J Kunkel.;M F Finkel.;G P Wormser.;T J Rush.;E Grunwaldt.;W A Agger.;M Franklin.;D Oswald.;L Cockey.;D Maladorno.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷5期289-94页
Localized Lyme disease, manifested by erythema migrans, is usually treated with oral doxycycline or amoxicillin. Whether acute disseminated Borrelia burgdorferi infection should be treated differently from localized infection is unknown.
3425. Interferon alfa-2b combined with cytarabine versus interferon alone in chronic myelogenous leukemia. French Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Study Group.
作者: F Guilhot.;C Chastang.;M Michallet.;A Guerci.;J L Harousseau.;F Maloisel.;R Bouabdallah.;D Guyotat.;N Cheron.;F Nicolini.;J F Abgrall.;J Tanzer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷4期223-9页
Treatment with interferon prolongs survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia. We conducted a clinical trial to assess the efficacy of treatment with a combination of interferon and cytarabine.
3426. Laparoscopic surgery in infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis. Canadian Collaborative Group on Endometriosis.
Minimal or mild endometriosis is frequently diagnosed in infertile women. It is often treated by resection or ablation of the lesions, but whether this improves fertility has not been established. We carried out a randomized, controlled trial to determine whether laparoscopic surgery enhanced fecundity in infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis.
3427. Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone in squamous-cell cancer of the esophagus.
作者: J F Bosset.;M Gignoux.;J P Triboulet.;E Tiret.;G Mantion.;D Elias.;P Lozach.;J C Ollier.;J J Pavy.;M Mercier.;T Sahmoud.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷3期161-7页
We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to compare preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery with surgery alone in patients with stage I and II squamous-cell cancer of the esophagus.
3428. Prednisone and aspirin in women with autoantibodies and unexplained recurrent fetal loss.
作者: C A Laskin.;C Bombardier.;M E Hannah.;F P Mandel.;J W Ritchie.;V Farewell.;D Farine.;K Spitzer.;L Fielding.;C A Soloninka.;M Yeung.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷3期148-53页
Recurrent fetal loss has been well described in women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Such women also often have other autoantibodies commonly found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Treating them with prednisone and aspirin may reduce the risk of fetal loss.
3429. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein.
作者: L W Moreland.;S W Baumgartner.;M H Schiff.;E A Tindall.;R M Fleischmann.;A L Weaver.;R E Ettlinger.;S Cohen.;W J Koopman.;K Mohler.;M B Widmer.;C M Blosch.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷3期141-7页
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, and antagonism of TNF may reduce the activity of the disease. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel TNF antagonist - a recombinant fusion protein that consists of the soluble TNF receptor (p75) linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1 (TNFR:Fc).
3430. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with a sustained-release ganciclovir implant. The Ganciclovir Implant Study Group.
作者: D C Musch.;D F Martin.;J F Gordon.;M D Davis.;B D Kuppermann.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷2期83-90页
Sustained-release, intraocular implants that deliver ganciclovir are an alternative method for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
3431. Trial of calcium to prevent preeclampsia.
作者: R J Levine.;J C Hauth.;L B Curet.;B M Sibai.;P M Catalano.;C D Morris.;R DerSimonian.;J R Esterlitz.;E G Raymond.;D E Bild.;J D Clemens.;J A Cutler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷2期69-76页
Previous trials have suggested that calcium supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of preeclampsia. However, differences in study design and a low dietary calcium intake in the populations studied limit acceptance of the data.
3432. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: C M van der Horst.;M S Saag.;G A Cloud.;R J Hamill.;J R Graybill.;J D Sobel.;P C Johnson.;C U Tuazon.;T Kerkering.;B L Moskovitz.;W G Powderly.;W E Dismukes.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷1期15-21页
Treatment with low-dose amphotericin B (0.4 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) or oral azole therapy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cryptococcal meningitis has been associated with high mortality and low rates of cerebrospinal fluid sterilization.
3433. Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
作者: C H Pui.;J M Boyett.;W T Hughes.;G K Rivera.;M L Hancock.;J T Sandlund.;T Synold.;M V Relling.;R C Ribeiro.;W M Crist.;W E Evans.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷25期1781-7页
Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor PO1 CA-20180ilgrastim) hastens the recovery from neutropenia after P30 CA-21765emotherapy, but its role in the management of childhood leukemia is unclear.
3434. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in severe chemotherapy-induced afebrile neutropenia.
作者: L C Hartmann.;L K Tschetter.;T M Habermann.;L P Ebbert.;P S Johnson.;J A Mailliard.;R Levitt.;V J Suman.;T E Witzig.;H S Wieand.;L L Miller.;C G Moertel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷25期1776-80页
Randomized trials of colony-stimulating factors in febrile patients with neutropenia after chemotherapy have not consistently shown clinical benefit. Nevertheless, the use of colony-stimulating factors to treat patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is widespread.
3435. Zidovudine, didanosine, or both as the initial treatment for symptomatic HIV-infected children. AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 152 Team.
作者: J A Englund.;C J Baker.;C Raskino.;R E McKinney.;B Petrie.;M G Fowler.;D Pearson.;A Gershon.;G D McSherry.;E J Abrams.;J Schliozberg.;J L Sullivan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷24期1704-12页
Zidovudine has been the drug of choice for the initial treatment of symptomatic children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with zidovudine alone as compared with either didanosine alone or combination therapy with zidovudine plus didanosine.
3436. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization.
Blockade of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with abciximab (a monoclonal-antibody Fab fragment directed against the receptor) has been shown to diminish ischemic complications among patients undergoing high-risk coronary angioplasty or directional atherectomy but increases bleeding complications. The widespread applicability of this treatment is unknown, particularly in view of the observed risk of hemorrhage.
3437. Catheter-based radiotherapy to inhibit restenosis after coronary stenting.
作者: P S Teirstein.;V Massullo.;S Jani.;J J Popma.;G S Mintz.;R J Russo.;R A Schatz.;E M Guarneri.;S Steuterman.;N B Morris.;M B Leon.;P Tripuraneni.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷24期1697-703页
In animal models of coronary restenosis, intracoronary radiotherapy has been shown to reduce the intimal hyperplasia that is a part of restenosis. We studied the safety and efficacy of catheter-based intracoronary gamma radiation plus stenting to reduce coronary restenosis in patients with previous restenosis.
3438. A clinical trial comparing primary coronary angioplasty with tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction.
Among physicians who treat patients with acute myocardial infarction, there is controversy about the magnitude of the clinical benefit of primary (i.e., immediate) coronary angioplasty as compared with thrombolytic therapy.
3439. Low-dose compared with standard-dose m-BACOD chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: L D Kaplan.;D J Straus.;M A Testa.;J Von Roenn.;B J Dezube.;T P Cooley.;B Herndier.;D W Northfelt.;J Huang.;A Tulpule.;A M Levine.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷23期1641-8页
Reduced doses of cytotoxic chemotherapy or standard-dose therapy plus a myeloid colony-stimulating factor decreases hematologic toxicity and its complications in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the effect of reducing the doses of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents on clinical outcome is not known.
3440. Epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus.
作者: S Carette.;R Leclaire.;S Marcoux.;F Morin.;G A Blaise.;A St-Pierre.;R Truchon.;F Parent.;J Levésque.;V Bergeron.;P Montminy.;C Blanchette.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年336卷23期1634-40页
Although epidural corticosteroid injections are commonly used for sciatica, their efficacy has not been established.
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