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3401. All-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
作者: M S Tallman.;J W Andersen.;C A Schiffer.;F R Appelbaum.;J H Feusner.;A Ogden.;L Shepherd.;C Willman.;C D Bloomfield.;J M Rowe.;P H Wiernik.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷15期1021-8页
All-trans-retinoic acid induces complete remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, it is not clear whether induction therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid is superior to chemotherapy alone or whether maintenance treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid improves outcome.
3402. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in node-positive premenopausal women with breast cancer.
作者: J Ragaz.;S M Jackson.;N Le.;I H Plenderleith.;J J Spinelli.;V E Basco.;K S Wilson.;M A Knowling.;C M Coppin.;M Paradis.;A J Coldman.;I A Olivotto.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷14期956-62页
Radiotherapy after mastectomy to treat early breast cancer has been known since the 1940s to reduce rates of local relapse. However, the routine use of postoperative radiotherapy began to decline in the 1980s because it failed to improve overall survival. We prospectively tested the efficacy of combining radiotherapy with chemotherapy.
3403. Percutaneous drainage compared with surgery for hepatic hydatid cysts.
作者: M S Khuroo.;N A Wani.;G Javid.;B A Khan.;G N Yattoo.;A H Shah.;S G Jeelani.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷13期881-7页
In recent years percutaneous drainage has been used successfully to treat the hepatic hydatid cysts of echinococcal disease. We performed a controlled trial to compare the safety and efficacy of percutaneous drainage with those of surgical cystectomy, the traditional treatment.
3404. Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenzavirus infections. GG167 Influenza Study Group.
作者: F G Hayden.;A D Osterhaus.;J J Treanor.;D M Fleming.;F Y Aoki.;K G Nicholson.;A M Bohnen.;H M Hirst.;O Keene.;K Wightman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷13期874-80页
The sialic acid analogue zanamivir (GG167) is a selective inhibitor of influenza A and B virus neuraminidases. These viral enzymes are essential for the release of virus from infected cells, and they may also reduce the inactivation of virus by respiratory secretions. When administered experimentally directly to the respiratory tract, zanamivir has potent antiviral effects. We assessed the therapeutic activity of zanamivir in adults with acute influenza.
3405. A short-term trial of tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis. European Tacrolimus Multicenter Atopic Dermatitis Study Group.
作者: T Ruzicka.;T Bieber.;E Schöpf.;A Rubins.;A Dobozy.;J D Bos.;S Jablonska.;I Ahmed.;K Thestrup-Pedersen.;F Daniel.;A Finzi.;S Reitamo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷12期816-21页
Tacrolimus (FK 506) is an effective immunosuppressant drug for the prevention of rejection after organ transplantation, and preliminary studies suggest that topical application of tacrolimus is effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
3406. A comparison of clozapine and haloperidol in hospitalized patients with refractory schizophrenia. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia.
作者: R Rosenheck.;J Cramer.;W Xu.;J Thomas.;W Henderson.;L Frisman.;C Fye.;D Charney.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷12期809-15页
Clozapine, a relatively expensive antipsychotic drug, is widely used to treat patients with refractory schizophrenia. It has a low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects but may cause agranulocytosis. There have been no long-term assessments of its effect on symptoms, social functioning, and the use and cost of health care.
3407. A trial of three regimens to prevent tuberculosis in Ugandan adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration.
作者: C C Whalen.;J L Johnson.;A Okwera.;D L Hom.;R Huebner.;P Mugyenyi.;R D Mugerwa.;J J Ellner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷12期801-8页
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) greatly increases the risk of reactivation tuberculosis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of three preventive-therapy regimens in a setting where exposure to tuberculosis is common.
3408. Stent placement compared with balloon angioplasty for obstructed coronary bypass grafts. Saphenous Vein De Novo Trial Investigators.
作者: M P Savage.;J S Douglas.;D L Fischman.;C J Pepine.;S B King.;J A Werner.;S R Bailey.;P A Overlie.;S H Fenton.;J A Brinker.;M B Leon.;S Goldberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷11期740-7页
Treatment of stenosis in saphenous-vein grafts after coronary-artery bypass surgery is a difficult challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of stent placement with those of balloon angioplasty on clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with obstructive disease of saphenous-vein grafts.
3409. Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy.
作者: R M Gulick.;J W Mellors.;D Havlir.;J J Eron.;C Gonzalez.;D McMahon.;D D Richman.;F T Valentine.;L Jonas.;A Meibohm.;E A Emini.;J A Chodakewitz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷11期734-9页
The new protease inhibitors are potent inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and in combination with other antiretroviral drugs they may be able to cause profound and sustained suppression of HIV replication.
3410. A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 320 Study Team.
作者: S M Hammer.;K E Squires.;M D Hughes.;J M Grimes.;L M Demeter.;J S Currier.;J J Eron.;J E Feinberg.;H H Balfour.;L R Deyton.;J A Chodakewitz.;M A Fischl.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷11期725-33页
The efficacy and safety of adding a protease inhibitor to two nucleoside analogues to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are not clear. We compared treatment with the protease inhibitor indinavir in addition to zidovudine and lamivudine with treatment with the two nucleosides alone in HIV-infected adults previously treated with zidovudine.
3411. Low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism.
作者: .;H R Büller.;M Gent.;A S Gallus.;J Ginsberg.;M H Prins.;R Baildon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷10期657-62页
Low-molecular-weight heparin is known to be safe and effective for the initial treatment of patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis. However, its application to pulmonary embolism or previous episodes of thromboembolism has not been studied.
3412. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older.
Inadequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D may contribute to the high prevalence of osteoporosis among older persons.
3413. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for acute pulmonary embolism. The THESEE Study Group. Tinzaparine ou Heparine Standard: Evaluations dans l'Embolie Pulmonaire.
作者: G Simonneau.;H Sors.;B Charbonnier.;Y Page.;J P Laaban.;R Azarian.;M Laurent.;J L Hirsch.;E Ferrari.;J L Bosson.;D Mottier.;B Beau.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷10期663-9页
Low-molecular-weight heparin appears to be at least as effective and safe as standard, unfractionated heparin for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, but only limited data are available on the use of low-molecular-weight heparin to treat acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism.
3414. Estrogen and progestin compared with simvastatin for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women.
Postmenopausal estrogen therapy has favorable effects on serum lipoproteins in women with normal serum lipid levels, but the effect of combined estrogen and progestin therapy on lipoproteins in women with hypercholesterolemia has not been determined, nor has it been directly compared with the effect of conventional lipid-lowering therapy.
3415. The effect of calcium supplementation on bone density during lactation and after weaning.
Women may lose bone during lactation because of calcium lost in breast milk. We studied whether calcium supplementation prevents bone loss during lactation or augments bone gain after weaning.
3416. The effect of antenatal phenobarbital therapy on neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants.
作者: S Shankaran.;L A Papile.;L L Wright.;R A Ehrenkranz.;L Mele.;J A Lemons.;S B Korones.;D K Stevenson.;E F Donovan.;B J Stoll.;A A Fanaroff.;W Oh.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷7期466-71页
The administration of phenobarbital to pregnant women before delivery has been thought to decrease the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants. To evaluate this potential neuroprotective therapy further, we determined the effect of antenatal administration of phenobarbital on the frequency of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and early death.
3417. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group.
作者: M Cohen.;C Demers.;E P Gurfinkel.;A G Turpie.;G J Fromell.;S Goodman.;A Langer.;R M Califf.;K A Fox.;J Premmereur.;F Bigonzi.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷7期447-52页
Antithrombotic therapy with heparin plus aspirin reduces the rate of ischemic events in patients with unstable coronary artery disease. Low-molecular-weight heparin has a more predictable anticoagulant effect than standard unfractionated heparin, is easier to administer, and does not require monitoring.
3418. Intermittent etidronate therapy to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis.
作者: J D Adachi.;W G Bensen.;J Brown.;D Hanley.;A Hodsman.;R Josse.;D L Kendler.;B Lentle.;W Olszynski.;L G Ste-Marie.;A Tenenhouse.;A A Chines.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷6期382-7页
Osteoporosis is a recognized complication of corticosteroid therapy. Whether it can be prevented is not known. We conducted a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled study of intermittent etidronate (400 mg per day for 14 days) followed by calcium (500 mg per day for 76 days), given for four cycles, in 141 men and women (age, 19 to 87 years) who had recently begun high-dose corticosteroid therapy. The primary outcome measure was the difference in the change in the bone density of the lumbar spine between the groups from base line to week 52. Secondary measures included changes in the bone density of the femoral neck, trochanter, and radius and the rate of new vertebral fractures.
3419. Probucol and multivitamins in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Multivitamins and Probucol Study Group.
作者: J C Tardif.;G Cöté.;J Lespérance.;M Bourassa.;J Lambert.;S Doucet.;L Bilodeau.;S Nattel.;P de Guise.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷6期365-72页
Oxidizing metabolites generated at the site of coronary angioplasty can induce chain reactions that may lead to restenosis. Antioxidants may counter oxidative stress and modify neointimal formation and vascular remodeling. Experimental data and small clinical studies have suggested that antioxidants may prevent restenosis after angioplasty. In a double-blind, randomized trial, we studied whether drugs with antioxidant properties decrease the incidence and severity of restenosis after angioplasty.
3420. A randomized trial of enhanced therapy for early syphilis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Syphilis and HIV Study Group.
作者: R T Rolfs.;M R Joesoef.;E F Hendershot.;A M Rompalo.;M H Augenbraun.;M Chiu.;G Bolan.;S C Johnson.;P French.;E Steen.;J D Radolf.;S Larsen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷5期307-14页
Reports of neurosyphilis and invasion of cerebrospinal fluid by Treponema pallidum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have led to doubts about the adequacy of the recommended penicillin G benzathine therapy for early syphilis.
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