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3381. Leukocyte reduction and ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets to prevent alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions.
We conducted a multi-institutional, randomized, blinded trial to determine whether the use of platelets from which leukocytes had been removed by a filter or that had been treated with ultraviolet B irradiation would prevent the formation of antiplatelet alloantibodies and refractoriness to platelet transfusions.
3382. Monitoring women at risk for preterm labor.
作者: D C Dyson.;K H Danbe.;J A Bamber.;Y M Crites.;D R Field.;J A Maier.;L A Newman.;D A Ray.;D L Walton.;M A Armstrong.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷1期15-9页
Preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Whether the rate of preterm birth can be reduced by frequent contact between nurses and pregnant women or home monitoring of uterine activity is not known.
3383. A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias.
Patients who survive life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are at risk for recurrent arrhythmias. They can be treated with either an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or antiarrhythmic drugs, but the relative efficacy of these two treatment strategies is unknown.
3384. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto.
作者: P Rebulla.;G Finazzi.;F Marangoni.;G Avvisati.;L Gugliotta.;G Tognoni.;T Barbui.;F Mandelli.;G Sirchia.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷26期1870-5页
Prophylactic platelet transfusions are usually administered to patients receiving myelotoxic chemotherapy when their platelet count falls below 20,000 per cubic millimeter. Some observations suggest that lower platelet counts can be appropriate in patients in stable condition, but the safety of lower thresholds is uncertain.
3385. Preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after heart surgery.
作者: E G Daoud.;S A Strickberger.;K C Man.;R Goyal.;G M Deeb.;S F Bolling.;F D Pagani.;C Bitar.;M D Meissner.;F Morady.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷25期1785-91页
Atrial fibrillation occurs commonly after open-heart surgery and may delay hospital discharge. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.
3386. Effect of ticlopidine on the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts in the legs. Etude de la Ticlopidine après Pontage Fémoro-Poplité and the Association Universitaire de Recherche en Chirurgie.
Optimal therapy to prevent late occlusion of arterial bypass grafts in the legs has not been determined. We assessed the effect of ticlopidine, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, on the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease.
3387. Epidural analgesia compared with combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labor in nulliparous women.
作者: M P Nageotte.;D Larson.;P J Rumney.;M Sidhu.;K Hollenbach.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷24期1715-9页
Among nulliparous women, there appears to be an association between the use of epidural analgesia during labor and an increased risk of dystocia. We tested the hypothesis that combined spinal-epidural analgesia, which permits ambulation during labor, is associated with a lower incidence of dystocia than continuous lumbar epidural analgesia.
3388. A comparison of beclomethasone, salmeterol, and placebo in children with asthma. Canadian Beclomethasone Dipropionate-Salmeterol Xinafoate Study Group.
An inhaled glucocorticoid is currently the medication of choice for long-term control of persistent asthma in children. The role of long-acting beta2-adrenergic-receptor agonists, such as salmeterol, needs to be defined.
3389. Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women.
作者: P D Delmas.;N H Bjarnason.;B H Mitlak.;A C Ravoux.;A S Shah.;W J Huster.;M Draper.;C Christiansen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷23期1641-7页
Long-term estrogen therapy can reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. At present, however, these beneficial effects are not separable from undesirable stimulation of breast and endometrial tissues.
3390. Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patch Trial Investigators.
Patients with coronary heart disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and abnormalities on signal-averaged electrocardiograms have an increased risk sudden death. We evaluated the effect on survival of the prophylactic implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators in such patients at the time of coronary-artery bypass surgery.
3391. Short-term inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion by a calcium-receptor agonist in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
作者: S J Silverberg.;H G Bone.;T B Marriott.;F G Locker.;S Thys-Jacobs.;G Dziem.;S Kaatz.;E L Sanguinetti.;J P Bilezikian.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷21期1506-10页
Surgery is the usual therapy for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. We investigated the ability of a calcimimetic drug that inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro to decrease serum parathyroid hormone and calcium concentrations in patients with this disorder.
3392. A comparison of low-dose inhaled budesonide plus theophylline and high-dose inhaled budesonide for moderate asthma.
作者: D J Evans.;D A Taylor.;O Zetterstrom.;K F Chung.;B J O'Connor.;P J Barnes.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷20期1412-8页
Inhaled glucosteroids and oral theophylline are widely used to treat asthma. We compared the benefits of adding theophylline to inhaled glucosteroid with those of doubling the dose of inhaled glucosteroid in patients with persistent symptoms despite the use of inhaled glucosteroid.
3393. Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group.
作者: R A Pauwels.;C G Löfdahl.;D S Postma.;A E Tattersfield.;P O'Byrne.;P J Barnes.;A Ullman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷20期1405-11页
The role of long-acting, inhaled beta2-agonists in treating asthma is uncertain. In a double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of adding inhaled formoterol to both lower and higher doses of the inhaled glucocorticoid budesonide.
3394. A comparison of recombinant hirudin with a low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent thromboembolic complications after total hip replacement.
作者: B I Eriksson.;P Wille-Jørgensen.;P Kälebo.;P Mouret.;N Rosencher.;P Bösch.;M Baur.;S Ekman.;D Bach.;S Lindbratt.;P Close.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷19期1329-35页
Patients who undergo total hip replacement have a high risk of thromboembolic complications. Recombinant hirudin (desirudin), a specific inhibitor of thrombin, represents a new development in antithrombotic therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of desirudin with those of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing primary total hip replacement.
3395. Treatment of children and young adults with early-stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
作者: M P Link.;J J Shuster.;S S Donaldson.;C W Berard.;S B Murphy.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷18期1259-66页
Children and young adults with early-stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have an excellent prognosis, but treatment is prolonged and is associated with many side effects. We performed two studies to determine whether therapy could be simplified.
3396. A comparison of continuous infusion of alteplase with double-bolus administration for acute myocardial infarction.
Accelerated infusion of alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator) over a period of 90 minutes induces more rapid lysis of coronary-artery thrombi than a 3-hour infusion. With two bolus doses of alteplase, further shortening the duration of administration, complete reperfusion was achieved in more than 85 percent of the patients in initial angiographic studies. We tested the hypothesis that double-bolus alteplase is at least as effective as accelerated infusion.
3397. A comparison of reteplase with alteplase for acute myocardial infarction.
Reteplase (recombinant plasminogen activator), a mutant of alteplase tissue plasminogen activator, has a longer half-life than its parent molecule and produced superior angiographic results in pilot studies of acute myocardial infarction. In this large clinical trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of these two thrombolytic agents.
3398. A comparison of sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation.
作者: R D Hurt.;D P Sachs.;E D Glover.;K P Offord.;J A Johnston.;L C Dale.;M A Khayrallah.;D R Schroeder.;P N Glover.;C R Sullivan.;I T Croghan.;P M Sullivan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷17期1195-202页
Trials of antidepressant medications for smoking cessation have had mixed results. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a sustained-release form of bupropion for smoking cessation. We excluded smokers with current depression, but not those with a history of major depression. The 615 subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo or bupropion at a dose of 100, 150, or 300 mg per day for seven weeks. The target quitting date (or "target quit date") was one week after the beginning of treatment. Brief counseling was provided at base line, weekly during treatment, and at 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. Self-reported abstinence was confirmed by a carbon monoxide concentration in expired air of 10 ppm or less.
3399. Efficacy of the rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine in infants and young children in Venezuela.
作者: I Pérez-Schael.;M J Guntiñas.;M Pérez.;V Pagone.;A M Rojas.;R González.;W Cunto.;Y Hoshino.;A Z Kapikian.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷17期1181-7页
Rotaviruses are the principal known etiologic agents of severe diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. Although a rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine is highly effective in preventing severe diarrhea in developed countries, in developing countries its efficacy has been less impressive. We thus conducted a catchment study in Venezuela to assess the efficacy of the vaccine against dehydrating diarrhea.
3400. A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor alpha for Crohn's disease. Crohn's Disease cA2 Study Group.
作者: S R Targan.;S B Hanauer.;S J van Deventer.;L Mayer.;D H Present.;T Braakman.;K L DeWoody.;T F Schaible.;P J Rutgeerts.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷15期1029-35页
Studies in animals and an open-label trial have suggested a role for antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha, specifically chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2, in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
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