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3381. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation.
作者: Isabelle C Van Gelder.;Vincent E Hagens.;Hans A Bosker.;J Herre Kingma.;Otto Kamp.;Tsjerk Kingma.;Salah A Said.;Julius I Darmanata.;Alphons J M Timmermans.;Jan G P Tijssen.;Harry J G M Crijns.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷23期1834-40页
Maintenance of sinus rhythm is the main therapeutic goal in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, recurrences of atrial fibrillation and side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs offset the benefits of sinus rhythm. We hypothesized that ventricular rate control is not inferior to the maintenance of sinus rhythm for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
3382. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation.
作者: D G Wyse.;A L Waldo.;J P DiMarco.;M J Domanski.;Y Rosenberg.;E B Schron.;J C Kellen.;H L Greene.;M C Mickel.;J E Dalquist.;S D Corley.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷23期1825-33页
There are two approaches to the treatment of atrial fibrillation: one is cardioversion and treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs to maintain sinus rhythm, and the other is the use of rate-controlling drugs, allowing atrial fibrillation to persist. In both approaches, the use of anticoagulant drugs is recommended.
3383. Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
作者: Shyam Sundar.;T K Jha.;C P Thakur.;Juergen Engel.;Herbert Sindermann.;Christina Fischer.;Klaus Junge.;Anthony Bryceson.;Jonathan Berman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷22期1739-46页
There are 500,000 cases per year of visceral leishmaniasis, which occurs primarily in the Indian subcontinent. Almost all untreated patients die, and all the effective agents have been parenteral. Miltefosine is an oral agent that has been shown in small numbers of patients to have a favorable therapeutic index for Indian visceral leishmaniasis. We performed a clinical trial in India comparing miltefosine with the most effective standard treatment, amphotericin B.
3384. Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
作者: Jan B F Hulscher.;Johanna W van Sandick.;Angela G E M de Boer.;Bas P L Wijnhoven.;Jan G P Tijssen.;Paul Fockens.;Peep F M Stalmeier.;Fiebo J W ten Kate.;Herman van Dekken.;Huug Obertop.;Hugo W Tilanus.;J Jan B van Lanschot.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷21期1662-9页
Controversy exists about the best surgical treatment for esophageal carcinoma.
3385. Glycoprotein-D-adjuvant vaccine to prevent genital herpes.
作者: Lawrence R Stanberry.;Spotswood L Spruance.;Anthony L Cunningham.;David I Bernstein.;Adrian Mindel.;Stephen Sacks.;Stephen Tyring.;Fred Y Aoki.;Moncef Slaoui.;Martine Denis.;Pierre Vandepapeliere.;Gary Dubin.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷21期1652-61页
An effective prophylactic vaccine would help control the spread of genital herpes.
3386. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine.
作者: Laura A Koutsky.;Kevin A Ault.;Cosette M Wheeler.;Darron R Brown.;Eliav Barr.;Frances B Alvarez.;Lisa M Chiacchierini.;Kathrin U Jansen.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷21期1645-51页
Approximately 20 percent of adults become infected with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16). Although most infections are benign, some progress to anogenital cancer. A vaccine that reduces the incidence of HPV-16 infection may provide important public health benefits.
3387. Antimicrobial treatment in diabetic women with asymptomatic bacteriuria.
作者: Godfrey K M Harding.;George G Zhanel.;Lindsay E Nicolle.;Mary Cheang.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷20期1576-83页
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common among women with diabetes, and the treatment of such infections has been recommended to prevent complications related to symptomatic urinary tract infection.
3388. Dexamethasone in adults with bacterial meningitis.
Mortality and morbidity rates are high among adults with acute bacterial meningitis, especially those with pneumococcal meningitis. In studies of bacterial meningitis in animals, adjuvant treatment with corticosteroids has beneficial effects.
3389. Leukotriene-receptor expression on nasal mucosal inflammatory cells in aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis.
作者: Ana R Sousa.;Abhi Parikh.;Glenis Scadding.;Christopher J Corrigan.;Tak H Lee.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷19期1493-9页
Patients with asthma who have aspirin sensitivity have greater cysteinyl leukotriene production and greater airway hyperresponsiveness to the effects of inhaled cysteinyl leukotrienes than their aspirin-tolerant counterparts. We hypothesized that the latter effect reflects elevated expression of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1 on inflammatory cells in the target organ and that its expression is down-regulated by aspirin desensitization.
3390. Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins.
作者: William E Kraus.;Joseph A Houmard.;Brian D Duscha.;Kenneth J Knetzger.;Michelle B Wharton.;Jennifer S McCartney.;Connie W Bales.;Sarah Henes.;Gregory P Samsa.;James D Otvos.;Krishnaji R Kulkarni.;Cris A Slentz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷19期1483-92页
Increased physical activity is related to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly because it leads to improvement in the lipoprotein profile. However, the amount of exercise training required for optimal benefit is unknown. In a prospective, randomized study, we investigated the effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on lipoproteins.
3391. Sex-based differences in the effect of digoxin for the treatment of heart failure.
The Digitalis Investigation Group trial reported that treatment with digoxin did not decrease overall mortality among patients with heart failure and depressed left ventricular systolic function, although it did reduce hospitalizations slightly. Even though the epidemiologic features, causes, and prognosis of heart failure vary between men and women, sex-based differences in the effect of digoxin were not evaluated.
3393. Outcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomy.
作者: Ranee Thakar.;Susan Ayers.;Peter Clarkson.;Stuart Stanton.;Isaac Manyonda.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷17期1318-25页
It is uncertain whether subtotal abdominal hysterectomy results in better bladder, bowel, or sexual function than total abdominal hysterectomy.
3394. Aspirin and mortality from coronary bypass surgery.
There is no therapy known to reduce the risk of complications or death after coronary bypass surgery. Because platelet activation constitutes a pivotal mechanism for injury in patients with atherosclerosis, we assessed whether early treatment with aspirin could improve survival after coronary bypass surgery.
3395. Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism.
作者: Stavros Konstantinides.;Annette Geibel.;Gerhard Heusel.;Fritz Heinrich.;Wolfgang Kasper.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷15期1143-50页
The use of thrombolytic agents in the treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with acute submassive pulmonary embolism remains controversial.
3396. Evidence of real-world effectiveness of a telephone quitline for smokers.
作者: Shu-Hong Zhu.;Christopher M Anderson.;Gary J Tedeschi.;Bradley Rosbrook.;Cynthia E Johnson.;Michael Byrd.;Elsa Gutiérrez-Terrell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷14期1087-93页
Telephone services that offer smoking-cessation counseling (quitlines) have proliferated in recent years, encouraged by positive results of clinical trials. The question remains, however, whether those results can be translated into real-world effectiveness.
3397. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home.
作者: Thomas M Gill.;Dorothy I Baker.;Margaret Gottschalk.;Peter N Peduzzi.;Heather Allore.;Amy Byers.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷14期1068-74页
Functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons is associated with substantial morbidity. It is uncertain whether such functional decline can be prevented.
3398. Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
作者: Lindell K Weaver.;Ramona O Hopkins.;Karen J Chan.;Susan Churchill.;C Gregory Elliott.;Terry P Clemmer.;James F Orme.;Frank O Thomas.;Alan H Morris.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷14期1057-67页
Patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning commonly have cognitive sequelae. We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric-oxygen treatment on such cognitive sequelae.
3399. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
作者: Michael W Fried.;Mitchell L Shiffman.;K Rajender Reddy.;Coleman Smith.;George Marinos.;Fernando L Gonçales.;Dieter Häussinger.;Moises Diago.;Giampiero Carosi.;Daniel Dhumeaux.;Antonio Craxi.;Amy Lin.;Joseph Hoffman.;Jian Yu.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷13期975-82页
Treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a alone produces significantly higher sustained virologic responses than treatment with interferon alfa-2a alone in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We compared the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin, interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin, and peginterferon alfa-2a alone in the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
3400. Warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction.
作者: Mette Hurlen.;Michael Abdelnoor.;Pål Smith.;Jan Erikssen.;Harald Arnesen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷13期969-74页
The role of antithrombotic therapy in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction is well established. Although the available literature suggests that warfarin is superior to aspirin, aspirin is currently the more widely used drug. We studied the efficacy and safety of warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction.
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