PurposeTo comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors with chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PARP inhibitor-chemotherapy combinations. Studies reporting progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety outcomes were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, and a meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models.ResultsOf 970 studies retrieved, four RCTs involving 1064 patients met the inclusion criteria. PARP inhibitors combined with chemotherapy significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.84, P < .0001) and showed a trend towards improved OS (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.09, P = .36), though this was not statistically significant. There was no significant improvement in ORR (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.98-1.20, P = .13). Regarding safety, no significant difference was observed in all grades or grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) overall, but the combination therapy was associated with an increased risk of anemia, nausea, and diarrhea (RRs ranging from 1.14 to 1.29, all P < .01).ConclusionPARP inhibitor combined with chemotherapy is an effective option for the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer, but its potential increased risks of specific AEs need to be weighed. Clinicians should make individualized treatment plans according to the specific conditions of patients, comprehensive consideration of efficacy and safety.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a prevalent form of skin cancer that can be localized or metastatic. Current evidence supports the use of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitors for locally advanced or metastatic BCC with resistance due to genetic alterations in the Hh pathway. This systematic review evaluated the prevalence of genetic alterations in Hh pathway genes in BCC.

In most existing clinical studies, Pembrolizumab combined therapy has shown good efficacy for ATC. However, the results of this therapy in some other studies have been controversial, and there is a lack of relevant evidence. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of survival data, tumor responses, and adverse events.

The incidence of cancer is constantly increasing, and current cytostatics are not effective enough and cause serious side effects. Thio/semicarbazide derivatives seem to be promising candidates for anticancer drugs. This systematic review aimed to analyze comparatively the ADMET profiles of thiosemicarbazides and semicarbazides with proven antitumor activity published through August 2024.

The efficacy of regorafenib or fruquintinib in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment has not been elucidated. This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy.

The use of plant extracts and the compounds isolated from them for the treatment of cancer is an area of active research, given their therapeutic potential. This work focused on evaluating the literature related to the antiproliferative activity of extracts obtained from plants of the genus Tabebuia and molecules isolated in vitro or in vivo. For the search, MeSH and DECS terms were employed in the PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases. Research has shown that plant extracts derived from plants of the genus Tabebuia exhibit potential applications in the search for new molecules with antiproliferative activity. Among the isolated molecules, the most evaluated correspond to β-lapachone (naphthoquinone); however, molecules with antiproliferative potential belonging to groups such as iridoids, flavonoids, quinones, furanonaphthoquinones, triterpenes, and polysaccharides have also been isolated and reported. Additionally, synthesized molecules have been evaluated on the basis of the modifications made to the structures of molecules isolated from the plant extracts to increase their activity, aiming to develop more potent antitumor agents for future clinical use.

Introduction: breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women over 30 years of age. Treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy can alter taste and smell, reducing appetite and potentially leading to weight loss, malnutrition, and decreased quality of life. These sensory changes may also affect treatment response. Objective: to explain how chemotherapy-induced taste changes impact the diet and nutritional status of women with breast cancer. Methodology: a review of reliable scientific articles was conducted using databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Evidence-based studies in medicine and nutrition were included. Results: out of 19 articles analyzed, 58 % reported the prevalence of taste alterations in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, with rates ranging from 44 % to 93 %. Dysgeusia was reported in 68 % of patients treated with trastuzumab, 53 % with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, and up to 80 % with taxanes. Most studies used validated questionnaires to assess taste changes, although no standard method exists. Some studies also reported changes in food preferences, appetite, and weight and evaluated interventions such as self-monitoring, educational sessions, and photobiomodulation, which showed positive effects in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life. Conclusions: chemotherapy can alter taste perception in breast cancer patients, negatively affecting their nutrition and quality of life. Identifying and addressing these issues can help improve patients' food intake and treatment outcomes.

HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.42-0.59) and overall survival (OS: HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0.71) in the overall population, alongside enhanced minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rates (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.43-2.39). While PFS benefits were universal across subgroups, OS showed no improvement in high-risk, ISS-I, or hepatic impairment subgroups, and non-IgG subtypes lacked MRD benefit. Safety analyses demonstrated an elevated risk of multiple infection-related adverse events in the entire cohort. The risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) also increased (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14-1.81). Although anti-CD38 mAbs enhance treatment efficacy with manageable toxicity, the absence of OS benefit in high-risk subgroups warrants attention, and the risk of SPMs needs further investigation.

With increasing use of human epithelial growth factor receptor two (HER2)-targeted therapies, outcomes for numerous breast cancer patients have improved. Nevertheless, patients with HER2-positive tumours face a comparatively heightened risk for developing brain metastases (BM), which are often treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Radionecrosis represents one of the clinically most significant adverse events of SRS. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the effects of concurrent use of HER2-targeted therapies with SRS on development of radionecrosis, given conflicting findings in existing studies.

The incidence of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is increasing, but data relating to perinatal outcomes for infants exposed to systemic cancer treatment in utero remain limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise evidence from the available literature to investigate whether perinatal outcomes for babies born to women with gestational cancer differ based on whether they are exposed to systemic cancer treatment in utero.

Frequent intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) for diabetic macular oedema (DMO) pose challenges for healthcare systems, patients, and society. This study assessed the efficacy, safety, resource utilization, and costs of anti-VEGFs from a Dutch societal perspective.

The strategic addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to chemotherapy (CT) offers a potential paradigm shift in the treatment of elderly cancer patients. This systematic review evaluates the impact of ICIs combined with CT on the overall survival (OS) of patients aged 65 and older.

To investigate the prophylactic effect of compression therapy against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) through meta-analytic evaluation.

Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy are prone to experiencing sleep disturbances. Research has shown that auricular acupressure may be beneficial in relieving these symptoms, but high-quality evidence is lacking. This study was designed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of auricular acupressure for relieving chemotherapy-related insomnia.

Combination of multiple therapies is a common approach to treating patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). The impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on prognosis in uHCC patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and lenvatinib remains unclear.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) significantly improve survival in lung cancer patients. However, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) remains a critical safety concern. This meta-analysis systematically evaluates demographic, clinical, and laboratory risk factors associated with CIP development to guide risk-stratified management.

This review aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise-based interventions on cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) in individuals with cancer.

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a life-threatening complication of chemotherapy. Although practice guidelines suggest the use of existing prediction models when making decisions to prevent and treat FN, recent evidence suggests that these models are limited in their discriminative ability. This study aims to systematically review and critically evaluate the recent literature to assess the question: what evidence-based clinical prediction models can be used to predict FN or its outcomes?

To evaluate the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR) as an innovative non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety and alleviate emotional distress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is approved for use in numerous solid tumours. Here we summarize its safety and tolerability profile.